607
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Metabolomics profiling to investigate nanomaterial toxicity in vitro and in vivo

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 807-826 | Received 21 Feb 2020, Accepted 29 Apr 2020, Published online: 25 May 2020

References

  • Adamson, S. X.-F., R. Wang, W. Wu, B. Cooper, and J. Shannahan. 2018. “Metabolomic Insights of Macrophage Responses to Graphene Nanoplatelets: Role of Scavenger Receptor CD36.” PLoS One 13 (11): e0207042. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207042.
  • Ahmed, F. S., X. C. Jiang, J. E. Schwartz, E. A. Hoffman, J. Yeboah, S. Shea, K. M. Burkart, and R. G. Barr. 2014. “Plasma Sphingomyelin and Longitudinal Change in Percent Emphysema on CT. The MESA Lung Study.” Biomarkers 19 (3): 207–213. doi:10.3109/1354750X.2014.896414.
  • Altmaier, E., G. Fobo, M. Heier, B. Thorand, C. Meisinger, W. Romisch-Margl, M. Waldenberger, et al. 2014. “Metabolomics Approach Reveals Effects of Antihypertensives and Lipid-Lowering Drugs on the Human Metabolism.” European Journal of Epidemiology 29 (5): 325–336. doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9910-7.
  • Andrisic, L., D. Dudzik, C. Barbas, L. Milkovic, T. Grune, and N. Zarkovic. 2018. “Short Overview on Metabolomics Approach to Study Pathophysiology of Oxidative Stress in Cancer.” Redox Biology 14: 47–58. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2017.08.009.
  • Antonelli, J., B. L. Claggett, M. Henglin, A. Kim, G. Ovsak, N. Kim, K. Deng, et al. 2019. “Statistical Workflow for Feature Selection in Human Metabolomics Data.” Metabolites 9: 1–15.
  • Arts, J. H., M. A. Irfan, A. M. Keene, R. Kreiling, D. Lyon, M. Maier, K. Michel, et al. 2016. “Case Studies Putting the Decision-Making Framework for the Grouping and Testing of Nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping) into Practice.” Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology: RTP 76: 234–261. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.11.020.
  • Bannuscher, A., I. Karkossa, S. Buhs, P. Nollau, K. Kettler, M. Balas, A. Dinischiotu, et al. 2020. “A Multi-Omics Approach Reveals Mechanisms of Nanomaterial Toxicity and Structure–Activity Relationships in Alveolar Macrophages.” Nanotoxicology 14 (2): 181–115. doi:10.1080/17435390.2019.1684592.
  • Bollard, M. E., N. R. Contel, T. M. Ebbels, L. Smith, O. Beckonert, G. H. Cantor, L. Lehman-Mckeeman, et al. 2010. “NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling Identifies Biomarkers of Liver Regeneration following Partial Hepatectomy in the Rat.” Journal of Proteome Research 9 (1): 59–69., doi:10.1021/pr900200v.
  • Bouhifd, M., T. Hartung, H. T. Hogberg, A. Kleensang, and L. Zhao. 2013. “Review: Toxicometabolomics.” Journal of Applied Toxicology 33 (12): 1365–1383. doi:10.1002/jat.2874.
  • Boyles, M. S. P., C. Ranninger, R. Reischl, M. Rurik, R. Tessadri, O. Kohlbacher, A. Duschl, and C. G. Huber. 2016. “Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity Profiling Using Untargeted Metabolomics.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 13 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0160-6.
  • Bujak, R., W. Struck-Lewicka, M. J. Markuszewski, and R. Kaliszan. 2015. “Metabolomics for Laboratory Diagnostics.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 113: 108–120. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2014.12.017.
  • Burté, F., D. Houghton, H. Lowes, A. Pyle, S. Nesbitt, A. Yarnall, P. Yu-Wai-Man, D. J. Burn, M. Santibanez-Koref, and G. Hudson. 2017. “Metabolic Profiling of Parkinson’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.” Movement Disorders 32 (6): 927–932. doi:10.1002/mds.26992.
  • Cabreiro, F., C. R. Picot, B. Friguet, and I. Petropoulos. 2006. “Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1067: 37–44. doi:10.1196/annals.1354.006.
  • Calo, L. A., E. Pagnin, P. A. Davis, A. Semplicini, R. Nicolai, M. Calvani, and A. C. Pessina. 2006. “Antioxidant Effect of L-Carnitine and Its Short Chain Esters: relevance for the Protection from Oxidative Stress Related Cardiovascular Damage.” International Journal of Cardiology 107 (1): 54–60. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.02.053.
  • Chatterjee, N., J. Jeong, D. Yoon, S. Kim, and J. Choi. 2018. “Global Metabolomics Approach in in Vitro and in Vivo Models Reveals Hepatic Glutathione Depletion Induced by Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles.” Chemico–Biological Interactions 293: 100–106. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.013.
  • Chen, Q., N. Wang, M. Zhu, J. Lu, H. Zhong, X. Xue, S. Guo, et al. 2018. “TiO2 Nanoparticles Cause Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Activate Inflammatory Responses, and Attenuate Phagocytosis in Macrophages: A Proteomic and Metabolomic Insight.” Redox Biology 15: 266–276. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.011.
  • Darst, B. F., R. L. Koscik, K. J. Hogan, S. C. Johnson, and C. D. Engelman. 2019. “Longitudinal Plasma Metabolomics of Aging and Sex.” Aging 11 (4): 1262–1282. doi:10.18632/aging.101837.
  • Di Cristo, L., D. Movia, M. G. Bianchi, M. Allegri, B. M. Mohamed, A. P. Bell, C. Moore, et al. 2016. “Proinflammatory Effects of Pyrogenic and Precipitated Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles in Innate Immunity Cells.” Toxicological Sciences: Sciences 150 (1): 40–53. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfv258.
  • Dou, S., N. Villa-Vialaneix, L. Liaubet, Y. Billon, M. Giorgi, H. Gilbert, J. L. Gourdine, J. Riquet, and D. Renaudeau. 2017. “1HNMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling Method to Develop Plasma Biomarkers for Sensitivity to Chronic Heat Stress in Growing Pigs.” PLOS One 12 (11): e0188469. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188469.
  • Fahn, S., and G. Cohen. 1992. “The Oxidant Stress Hypothesis in Parkinson’s Disease: evidence Supporting It.” Annals of Neurology 32 (6): 804–812. doi:10.1002/ana.410320616.
  • Gabr, S. A., A. H. Alghadir, Y. E. Sherif, and A. A. Ghfar. 2016. “Hydroxyproline as a Biomarker in Liver Disease.” In Biomarkers in Liver Disease, edited by V.R. Preedy, 1–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
  • Gajewicz, A., T. Puzyn, K. Odziomek, P. Urbaszek, A. Haase, C. Riebeling, A. Luch, et al. 2018. “Decision Tree Models to Classify Nanomaterials according to the DF4nanoGrouping Scheme.” Nanotoxicology 12 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1080/17435390.2017.1415388.
  • Gao, R., J. Cheng, C. Fan, X. Shi, Y. Cao, B. Sun, H. Ding, C. Hu, F. Dong, and X. Yan. 2015. “Serum Metabolomics to Identify the Liver Disease-Specific Biomarkers for the Progression of Hepatitis.” Scientific Reports 5: 18175. doi:10.1038/srep18175.
  • Gebel, T., H. Foth, G. Damm, A. Freyberger, P. J. Kramer, W. Lilienblum, C. Rohl, et al. 2014. “Manufactured Nanomaterials: categorization and Approaches to Hazard Assessment.” Archives of Toxicology 88 (12): 2191–2211. doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1383-7.
  • Guo, N. L., T. Y. Poh, S. Pirela, M. T. Farcas, S. H. Chotirmall, W. K. Tham, S. S. Adav, et al. 2019. “Integrated Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Profiling in Rat Lung, Blood, and Serum for Assessment of Laser Printer-Emitted Nanoparticle Inhalation Exposure-Induced Disease Risks.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 (24): 6348.
  • Haase, A., N. Dommershausen, M. Schulz, R. Landsiedel, P. Reichardt, B. C. Krause, J. Tentschert, and A. Luch. 2017. “Genotoxicity Testing of Different Surface-Functionalized SiO2, ZrO2 and Silver Nanomaterials in 3D Human Bronchial Models.” Archives of Toxicology 91 (12): 3991–4007. doi:10.1007/s00204-017-2015-9.
  • Hernández-Corbacho, M. J., M. F. Salama, D. Canals, C. E. Senkal, and L. M. Obeid. 2017. “Sphingolipids in Mitochondria.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) 1862 (1): 56–68. doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.019.
  • Hoet, P. H. M., and B. Nemery. 2000. “Polyamines in the Lung: polyamine Uptake and Polyamine-Linked Pathological or Toxicological Conditions.” American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 278 (3): L417–L433. doi:10.1152/ajplung.2000.278.3.L417.
  • Huang, W.-J., X. Zhang, and W.-W. Chen. 2016. “Role of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease.” Biomedical Reports 4 (5): 519–522. doi:10.3892/br.2016.630.
  • Jeong, J.-W., H.-J. Cha, M. H. Han, S. J. Hwang, D.-S. Lee, J. S. Yoo, I.-W. Choi, et al. 2018. “Spermidine Protects against Oxidative Stress in Inflammation Models Using Macrophages and Zebrafish.” Biomolecules and Therapeutics 26 (2): 146–156. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2016.272.
  • Kalaria, R. N., and A. B. Pax. 1995. “Increased Collagen Content of Cerebral Microvessels in Alzheimer’s Disease.” Brain Research 705 (1–2): 349–352. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)01250-8.
  • Karkossa, I., A. Bannuscher, B. Hellack, A. Bahl, S. Buhs, P. Nollau, A. Luch, K. Schubert, M. Von Bergen, and A. Haase. 2019. “An In-Depth Multi-Omics Analysis in RLE-6TN Rat Alveolar Epithelial Cells Allows for Nanomaterial Categorization.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 16 (1): 38. doi:10.1186/s12989-019-0321-5.
  • Keller, A. A., S. Mcferran, A. Lazareva, and S. Suh. 2013. “Global Life Cycle Releases of Engineered Nanomaterials.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 15 (6): 1692. doi:10.1007/s11051-013-1692-4.
  • Kitchin, K. T., S. Stirdivant, B. L. Robinette, B. T. Castellon, and X. Liang. 2017. “Metabolomic Effects of CeO2, SiO2 and CuO Metal Oxide Nanomaterials on HepG2 Cells.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 14 (1): 50. doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0230-4.
  • Lai, L.,. J. Sun, S. Tarafdar, C. Liu, E. Murphy, G. Kim, and R. L. Levine. 2019. “Loss of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases Increases Resistance to Oxidative Stress.” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 145: 374–384. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.006.
  • Laloy, J., O. Lozano, L. Alpan, B. Masereel, O. Toussaint, J. M. Dogné, and S. Lucas. 2015. “Limited Inflammatory Response in Rats after Acute Exposure to a Silicon Carbide Nanoaerosol.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 17 (8): 346. doi:10.1007/s11051-015-3138-7.
  • Landsiedel, R., L. Ma-Hock, T. Hofmann, M. Wiemann, V. Strauss, S. Treumann, W. Wohlleben, S. Gröters, K. Wiench, and B. van Ravenzwaay. 2014. “Application of Short-Term Inhalation Studies to Assess the Inhalation Toxicity of Nanomaterials.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 11: 16. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-11-16.
  • Lê Cao, K.-A., S. Boitard, and P. Besse. 2011. “Sparse PLS Discriminant Analysis: biologically Relevant Feature Selection and Graphical Displays for Multiclass Problems.” BMC Bioinformatics 12: 253. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-253.
  • Lee, K. W., S. J. Kim, J. B. Park, and K. J. Lee. 2011. “Relationship between Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Urinary Hydroxyproline and Proline Concentrations in Hospital Workers.” Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 44 (1): 9–13. doi:10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.1.9.
  • Lee, S. H., S. Park, H. S. Kim, and B. H. Jung. 2014. “Metabolomic Approaches to the Normal Aging Process.” Metabolomics 10 (6): 1268–1292. doi:10.1007/s11306-014-0663-9.
  • Lee, S. H., C. H. Tang, W. Y. Lin, K. H. Chen, H. J. Liang, T. J. Cheng, and C. Y. Lin. 2018. “LC-MS-Based Lipidomics to Examine Acute Rat Pulmonary Responses after Nano- and Fine-Sized ZnO Particle Inhalation Exposure.” Nanotoxicology 12 (5): 439–452. doi:10.1080/17435390.2018.1458918.
  • Lim, S. L., C. T. Ng, L. Zou, Y. Lu, J. Chen, B. H. Bay, H. M. Shen, and C. N. Ong. 2019. “Targeted Metabolomics Reveals Differential Biological Effects of Nanoplastics and nanoZnO in Human Lung Cells.” Nanotoxicology 13 (8): 1117–1132. doi:10.1080/17435390.2019.1640913.
  • Lindeque, J. Z., A. Matthyser, S. Mason, R. Louw, and C. J. F. Taute. 2018. “Metabolomics Reveals the Depletion of Intracellular Metabolites in HepG2 Cells after Treatment with Gold Nanoparticles.” Nanotoxicology 12 (3): 251–262. doi:10.1080/17435390.2018.1432779.
  • Liquet, B., K. A. Le Cao, H. Hocini, and R. Thiebaut. 2012. “A Novel Approach for Biomarker Selection and the Integration of Repeated Measures Experiments from Two Assays.” BMC Bioinformatics 13: 325. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-13-325.
  • Lozano, O., J. L. Colaux, J. Laloy, L. Alpan, J. M. Dogne, and S. Lucas. 2018. “Fast, Asymmetric and Nonhomogeneous Clearance of SiC Nanoaerosol Assessed by Micro-Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission.” Nanomedicine 13 (2): 145–155. doi:10.2217/nnm-2017-0245.
  • Lv, M., W. Huang, Z. Chen, H. Jiang, J. Chen, Y. Tian, Z. Zhang, and F. Xu. 2015. “Metabolomics Techniques for Nanotoxicity Investigations.” Bioanalysis 7 (12): 1527–1544. doi:10.4155/bio.15.83.
  • Ma-Hock, L., S. Burkhardt, V. Strauss, A. O. Gamer, K. Wiench, B. Van Ravenzwaay, and R. Landsiedel. 2009. “Development of a Short-Term Inhalation Test in the Rat Using Nano-Titanium Dioxide as a Model Substance.” Inhalation Toxicology 21 (2): 102–118. doi:10.1080/08958370802361057.
  • Madeo, F., M. A. Bauer, D. Carmona-Gutierrez, and G. Kroemer. 2019. “Spermidine: A Physiological Autophagy Inducer Acting as an anti-Aging Vitamin in Humans?.” Autophagy 15 (1): 165–168. doi:10.1080/15548627.2018.1530929.
  • Madeo, F., D. Carmona-Gutierrez, O. Kepp, and G. Kroemer. 2018. “Spermidine Delays Aging in Humans.” Aging 10 (8): 2209–2211. doi:10.18632/aging.101517.
  • Maksymiuk, A. W., D. S. Sitar, R. Ahmed, B. Cheng, H. Bach, R. A. Bagchi, N. Aroutiounova, P. S. Tappia, and B. Ramjiawan. 2018. “Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase-1 as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Human Cancer.” Future Science OA 4 (10): FSO345. doi:10.4155/fsoa-2018-0077.
  • Mashima, R., T. Nakanishi-Ueda, and Y. Yamamoto. 2003. “Simultaneous Determination of Methionine Sulfoxide and Methionine in Blood Plasma Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.” Analytical Biochemistry 313 (1): 28–33. doi:10.1016/S0003-2697(02)00537-7.
  • Mielke, M. M., N. J. Haughey, D. Han, Y. An, V. V. R. Bandaru, C. G. Lyketsos, L. Ferrucci, and S. M. Resnick. 2017. “The Association between Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease Differs by Sex and APOE in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.” Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 60 (3): 819–828. doi:10.3233/JAD-160925.
  • Miller, F. J., B. Asgharian, J. D. Schroeter, and O. Price. 2016. “Improvements and Additions to the Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry Model.” Journal of Aerosol Science 99: 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.01.018.
  • Miolo, G., E. Muraro, D. Caruso, D. Crivellari, A. Ash, S. Scalone, D. Lombardi, F. Rizzolio, A. Giordano, and G. Corona. 2016. “Pharmacometabolomics Study Identifies Circulating Spermidine and Tryptophan as Potential Biomarkers Associated with the Complete Pathological Response to Trastuzumab-Paclitaxel Neoadjuvant Therapy in HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer.” Oncotarget 7 (26): 39809–39822. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9489.
  • Murray Stewart, T., T. T. Dunston, P. M. Woster, and R. A. Casero. 2018. “Polyamine Catabolism and Oxidative Damage.” The Journal of Biological Chemistry 293 (48): 18736–18745. doi:10.1074/jbc.TM118.003337.
  • Newgard, C. B. 2017. “Metabolomics and Metabolic Diseases: Where Do We Stand?” Cell Metabolism 25 (1): 43–56. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.018.
  • Nicholson, J. K., J. C. Lindon, and E. Holmes. 1999. “Metabonomics’: understanding the Metabolic Responses of Living Systems to Pathophysiological Stimuli via Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Biological NMR Spectroscopic Data.” Xenobiotica; the Fate of Foreign Compounds in Biological Systems 29 (11): 1181–1189. doi:10.1080/004982599238047.
  • Nogueira, A. C., R. G. S. Vale, A. L. M. Gomes, and E. H. M. Dantas. 2011. “The Effect of Muscle Actions on the Level of Connective Tissue Damage.” Research in Sports Medicine 19 (4): 259–270. doi:10.1080/15438627.2011.608046.
  • Otsubo, C., S. Bharathi, R. Uppala, O. R. Ilkayeva, D. Wang, K. Mchugh, Y. Zou, et al. 2015. “Long-Chain Acylcarnitines Reduce Lung Function by Inhibiting Pulmonary Surfactant.” The Journal of Biological Chemistry 290 (39): 23897–23904. doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.655837.
  • Padh, H. 1991. “Vitamin C: Newer Insights into Its Biochemical Functions.” Nutrition Reviews 49 (3): 65–70. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1991.tb07407.x.
  • Piccinno, F., F. Gottschalk, S. Seeger, and B. Nowack. 2012. “Industrial Production Quantities and Uses of Ten Engineered Nanomaterials in Europe and the World.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 14 (9): 1109. doi:10.1007/s11051-012-1109-9.
  • Potratz, S., P. Tarnow, H. Jungnickel, S. Baumann, M. Von Bergen, T. Tralau, and A. Luch. 2017. “Combination of Metabolomics with Cellular Assays Reveals New Biomarkers and Mechanistic Insights on Xenoestrogenic Exposures in MCF-7 Cells.” Chemical Research in Toxicology 30 (4): 883–892. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00106.
  • Ren, Y., J. Zhao, Y. Shi, C. Chen, X. Chen, and C. Lv. 2017. “Simple Determination of L-Hydroxyproline in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Lung Tissues of Rats Using Non-Extractive High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Fluorescence Detection after Pre-Column Derivatization with Novel Synthetic 9-Acetylimidazol-Carbazole.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 142: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.033.
  • Rinaldo, P., T. M. Cowan, and D. Matern. 2008. “Acylcarnitine Profile Analysis.” Genetics in Medicine 10 (2): 151–156. doi:10.1097/GIM.0b013e3181614289.
  • Saiki, S.,. Y. Sasazawa, M. Fujimaki, K. Kamagata, N. Kaga, H. Taka, Y. Li, et al. 2019. “A Metabolic Profile of Polyamines in Parkinson Disease: A Promising Biomarker.” Annals of Neurology 86 (2): 251–263. doi:10.1002/ana.25516.
  • Singh, T., S. Shukla, P. Kumar, V. Wahla, V. K. Bajpai, and I. A. Rather. 2017. “Application of Nanotechnology in Food Science: Perception and Overview.” Frontiers in Microbiology 8: 1501. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01501.
  • Siskos, A. P., P. Jain, W. Römisch-Margl, M. Bennett, D. Achaintre, Y. Asad, L. Marney, et al. 2017. “Interlaboratory Reproducibility of a Targeted Metabolomics Platform for Analysis of Human Serum and Plasma.” Analytical Chemistry 89 (1): 656–665. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02930.
  • Spagou, K., I. D. Wilson, P. Masson, G. Theodoridis, N. Raikos, M. Coen, E. Holmes, et al. 2011. “HILIC-UPLC-MS for Exploratory Urinary Metabolic Profiling in Toxicological Studies.” Analytical Chemistry 83 (1): 382–390. doi:10.1021/ac102523q.
  • Srivastava, A. K., P. Khare, H. K. Nagar, N. Raghuwanshi, and R. Srivastava. 2016. “Hydroxyproline: A Potential Biochemical Marker and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Different Diseases.” Current Protein and Peptide Science 17 (6): 596–602. doi:10.2174/1389203717666151201192247.
  • Stadtman, E. R., H. Van Remmen, A. Richardson, N. B. Wehr, and R. L. Levine. 2005. “Methionine Oxidation and Aging.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1703 (2): 135–140. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.08.010.
  • Stark, W. J., P. R. Stoessel, W. Wohlleben, and A. Hafner. 2015. “Industrial Applications of Nanoparticles.” Chemical Society Reviews 44 (16): 5793–5805. doi:10.1039/C4CS00362D.
  • Studer, A. M., L. K. Limbach, L. Van Duc, F. Krumeich, E. K. Athanassiou, L. C. Gerber, H. Moch, and W. J. Stark. 2010. “Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity Depends on Intracellular Solubility: comparison of Stabilized Copper Metal and Degradable Copper Oxide Nanoparticles.” Toxicology Letters 197 (3): 169–174. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.05.012.
  • Suzuki, S.,. Y. Kodera, T. Saito, K. Fujimoto, A. Momozono, A. Hayashi, Y. Kamata, and M. Shichiri. 2016. “Methionine Sulfoxides in Serum Proteins as Potential Clinical Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress.” Scientific Reports 6: 38299–38299. doi:10.1038/srep38299.
  • Trupp, M., P. Jonsson, A. Ohrfelt, H. Zetterberg, O. Obudulu, L. Malm, A. Wuolikainen, et al. 2014. “Metabolite and Peptide Levels in Plasma and CSF Differentiating Healthy Controls from Patients with Newly Diagnosed Parkinson’s Disease.” Journal of Parkinson's Disease 4 (3): 549–560. doi:10.3233/JPD-140389.
  • Van Ravenzwaay, B., M. Herold, H. Kamp, M. D. Kapp, E. Fabian, R. Looser, G. Krennrich, et al. 2012. “Metabolomics: A Tool for Early Detection of Toxicological Effects and an Opportunity for Biology Based Grouping of Chemicals-from QSAR to QBAR.” Mutation Research. 746 (2): 144–150. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.01.006.
  • Vescovo, G., B. Ravara, V. Gobbo, M. Sandri, A. Angelini, M. Della Barbera, M. Dona, et al. 2002. “L-Carnitine: A Potential Treatment for Blocking Apoptosis and Preventing Skeletal Muscle Myopathy in Heart Failure.” American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology 283 (3): C802–C810. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00046.2002.
  • Viola, A., F. Munari, R. Sánchez-Rodríguez, T. Scolaro, and A. Castegna. 2019. “The Metabolic Signature of Macrophage Responses.” Frontiers in Immunology 10: 1462. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01462.
  • Wirth, M., C. Schwarz, G. Benson, N. Horn, R. Buchert, C. Lange, T. Köbe, et al. 2019. “Effects of Spermidine Supplementation on Cognition and Biomarkers in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SmartAge)—Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Alzheimer’s Research and Therapy 11: 36.
  • Wishart, D. S. 2016. “Emerging Applications of Metabolomics in Drug Discovery and Precision Medicine.” Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery 15 (7): 473–484. doi:10.1038/nrd.2016.32.
  • Wurtz, P., A. S. Havulinna, P. Soininen, T. Tynkkynen, D. Prieto-Merino, T. Tillin, A. Ghorbani, et al. 2015. “Metabolite Profiling and Cardiovascular Event Risk: A Prospective Study of 3 Population-Based Cohorts.” Circulation 131 (9): 774–785. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013116.
  • Xia, J., D. I. Broadhurst, M. Wilson, and D. S. Wishart. 2013. “Translational Biomarker Discovery in Clinical Metabolomics: An Introductory Tutorial.” Metabolomics 9 (2): 280–299. doi:10.1007/s11306-012-0482-9.
  • Zhang, C., Y. Wang, F. Wang, Z. Wang, Y. Lu, Y. Xu, K. Wang, et al. 2017. “Quantitative Profiling of Glycerophospholipids During Mouse and Human Macrophage Differentiation Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry.” Scientific Reports 7 (1): 412. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00341-2.
  • Zhang, H., D. R. Dunphy, X. Jiang, H. Meng, B. Sun, D. Tarn, M. Xue, et al. 2012. “Processing Pathway Dependence of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticle Toxicity: colloidal vs Pyrolytic.” Journal of the American Chemical Society 134 (38): 15790–15804. doi:10.1021/ja304907c.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.