References
- Abraham, C., & Michie, S. (2008). A taxonomy of behaviour change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology, 27, 379–387. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.379
- Adams, J., Giles, E., Robalino, S., McColl, E., & Sniehotta, F. (2012). A systematic review of the use of financial incentives and penalties to encourage uptake of healthy behaviors: Protocol. Systematic Reviews, 1, 51. Retrieved from http://www.systematicreviewsjournal.com/content/1/1/51
- Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 267–299). New York, NY: Academic Press.
- Ballard, P., & Radley, A. (2009). Give it up for baby – A smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women in Scotland. Cases in Public Health Communication & Marketing, 3, 147–160.
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Biner, P. M., & Barton, D. L. (1990). Justifying the enclosure of monetary incentives in mail survey cover letter. Psychology and Marketing, 7, 153–162. doi:10.1002/mar.4220070302
- Bitterman, M. E. (2006). Classical conditioning since Pavlov. Review of General Psychology, 10, 365–376. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.10.4.365
- Bonevski, B., Bryant, J., & Paul, C. (2011). Encouraging smoking cessation among disadvantaged groups: A qualitative study of the financial aspects of cessation. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30, 411–418. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00248.x
- Brehm, S. S., & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control. New York, NY: Academic Press.
- Cahill, K., & Perera, R. (2011). Competitions and incentives for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4). Art. No.: CD004307. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004307.pub4
- Carroll, K. M., Easton, C. J., Nich, C., Hunkele, K. A., Neavins, T. M., Sinha, R., … Rounsaville, B. J. (2006). The use of contingency management and motivational/skills-building therapy to treat young adults with marijuana dependence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 955–966. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.955
- Finkelstein, E. A., Brown, D. S., Brown, D. R., & Buchner, D. M. (2008). A randomized study of financial incentives to increase physical activity among sedentary older adults. Preventive Medicine, 47, 182–187. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.05.002
- Glasgow, R., Hollis, J., Ary, D., & Boles, S. (1993). Results of a year-long incentives-based worksite smoking-cessation program. Addictive Behaviors, 18, 455–464. doi:10.1016/0306-4603(93)90063-F
- Halpern, S., Asch, D., & Volpp, K. (2012). Commitment contracts as a way to health. BMJ, 344, e522. Retrieved from http://www.bmj.com/content/344/bmj.e522
- Halpern, S. D., Madison, K. M., & Volpp, K. G. (2009). Patients as mercenaries?: The ethics of using financial incentives in the war on unhealthy behaviors. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 2, 514–516. doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.109.871855
- Hunter, R. F., Tully, M. A., Davis, M., Stevenson, M., & Kee, F. (2013). Physical activity loyalty cards for behavior change: A quasi-experimental study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(1), 56–63. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.02.022
- Jeffery, R. W., Gerber, W. M., Rosenthal, B. S., & Lindquist, R. A. (1983). Monetary contracts in weight control: Effectiveness of group and individual contracts of varying size. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 51, 242–248. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.51.2.242
- Jeffery, R. W., Wing, R. R., Thorson, C., & Burton, L. R. (1998). Use of personal trainers and financial incentives to increase exercise in a behavioral weight-loss program. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 66, 777–783. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.5.777
- Johnston, M., & Sniehotta, F. (2010). Financial incentives to change patient behaviour. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 15, 131–132. doi:10.1258/jhsrp.2010.010048
- Lagarde, M., Haines, A., & Palmer, N. (2007). Conditional cash transfers for improving uptake of health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. JAMA, 298, 1900–1910. doi:10.1001/jama.298.16.1900
- Lawrence, G., MacIntyre, C., Hull, B., & McIntyre, P. (2004). Effectiveness of the linkage of child care and maternity payments to childhood immunisation. Vaccine, 22, 2345–2350. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.10.038
- Lussier, J. P., Heil, S. H., Mongeon, J. A., Badger, G. J., & Higgins, S. T. (2006). A meta-analysis of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for substance use disorders. Addiction, 101, 192–203. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01311.x
- Lynagh, M., Sanson-Fisher, R., & Bonevski, B. (2013). What's good for the goose is good for the gander. Guiding principles for the use of financial incentives in health behaviour change. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20, 114–120. doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9202-5
- Malotte, C., Rhodes, F., & Mais, K. (1998). Tuberculosis screening and compliance with return for skin test reading among active drug users. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 792–796. doi:10.2105/AJPH.88.5.792
- Marteau, T., Ashcroft, R., & Oliver, A. (2009). Using financial incentives to achieve healthy behaviour. BMJ, 338, b1415. Retrieved from http://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b1415
- Michie, S., & Johnston, M. (2012). Theories and techniques of behaviour change: Developing a cumulative science of behaviour change. Health Psychology Review, 6, 1–6. doi:10.1080/17437199.2012.654964
- Minkovitz, C., Holt, E., Hughart, N., Hou, W., Thomas, L., Dini, E., & Guyer, B. (1999). The effect of parental monetary sanctions on the vaccination status of young children. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 153, 1242–1247. doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.12.1242
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2007). CG51 drug misuse: Psychosocial interventions: NICE guideline. London: Author.
- Nowalk, M. P., Lin, C. J., Toback, S. L., Rousculp, M. D., Eby, C., Raymund, M., & Zimmerman, R. K. (2010). Improving influenza vaccination rates in the workplace: A randomized trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38, 237–246. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.11.011
- O' Malley, G. C., Baker, P. R. A., Francis, D. P., Perry, I., & Foster, C. (2012). Incentive-based interventions for increasing physical activity and fitness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1). Art. No.: CD009598. doi:10.001002/14651858.CD14009598
- Paul-Ebhohimhen, V., & Avenell, A. (2008). Systematic review of the use of financial incentives in treatments for obesity and overweight. Obesity Reviews, 9, 355–367. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00409.x
- Petry, N. M. (2011). Contingency management: What it is and why psychiatrists should want to use it. Psychiatrist, 35, 161–163. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.110.031831
- Petry, N. M., Barry, D., Pescatello, L., & White, W. B. (2011). A low-cost reinforcement procedure improves short-term weight loss outcomes. The American Journal of Medicine, 124, 1082–1085. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.04.016
- Prendergast, M., Podus, D., Finney, J., Greenwell, L., & Roll, J. (2006). Contingency management for treatment of substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. Addiction, 101, 1546–1560. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01581.x
- Relton, C., Strong, M., & Li, J. (2011). The ‘Pounds for Pounds’ weight loss financial incentive scheme: An evaluation of a pilot in NHS Eastern and Coastal Kent. Journal of Public Health, 33, 536–542. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr030
- Roll, J. M., Higgins, S. T., & Badger, G. J. (1996). An experimental comparison of three different schedules of reinforcement of drug abstinence using cigarette smoking as an exemplar. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 495–505. doi:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-495
- Rosado, J., Sigmon, S. C., Jones, H. E., & Stitzer, M. L. (2005). Cash value of voucher reinforcers in pregnant drug-dependent women. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 41–47. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.13.1.41
- Salize, H. J., Merkel, S., Reinhard, I., Twardella, D., Mann, K., & Brenner, H. (2009). Cost-effective primary care-based strategies to improve smoking cessation more value for money. Archives of Internal Medicine, 169, 230–235. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.556
- Skinner, B. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York, NY: Macmillan.
- Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124–1131. doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124
- Volpp, K. G., Troxel, A. B., Pauly, M. V., Glick, H. A., Puig, A., Asch, D. A., … Audrain-McGovern, J. (2009). A randomized, controlled trial of financial incentives for smoking cessation. New England Journal of Medicine, 360, 699–709. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa0806819
- Wall, J., Ni Mhurchu, C., Blakely, T., Rodgers, A., & Wilton, J. (2006). Effectiveness of monetary incentives in modifying dietary behavior: A review of randomized, controlled trials. Nutrition Reviews, 64, 518–531. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00185.x
- White, M., Adams, J., & Heywood, P. (2009). How and why do interventions that increase health overall widen inequalities within populations? In S. Babones (Ed.), Social inequality and public health (pp. 65–82). Bristol: Policy Press.