References
- Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2000). Habits as knowledge structures: Automaticity in goal-directed behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 53–63.
- Adriaanse, M. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., De Ridder, D. T. D., de Wit, J. B. F., & Kroese, F. M. (2011). Breaking habits with implementation intentions: A test of underlying processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. doi:10.1177/0146167211399102
- Anschutz, D. J., Van Strien, T., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2011). Exposure to slim images in mass media: Television commercials as reminders of restriction in restrained eaters. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1(S), 48–59. doi:10.1037/2160-4134.1.S.48
- Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (2000). The mind in the middle: A practical guide to priming and automaticity research. In H. T. Reis (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 253–285). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Bargh, J. A., & Morsella, E. (2008). The unconscious mind. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(1), 73–79. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00064.x
- Barsalou, L. W. (2009). Simulation, situated conceptualization, and prediction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1521), 1281–1289.
- Barsalou, L. W. (2016). Situated conceptualization: Theory and applications. In Y. Coello & M. H. Fischer (Eds.), Foundations of embodied cognition, Volume 1: Perceptual and emotional embodiment(pp. 11–37). East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
- Boland, W. A., Connell, P. M., & Vallen, B. (2013). Time of day effects on the regulation of food consumption after activation of health goals. Appetite, 70, 47–52.
- Brunner, T. A. (2010). How weight-related cues affect food intake in a modeling situation. Appetite, 55(3), 507–511. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.08.018
- Brunner, T. A., & Siegrist, M. (2012). Reduced food intake after exposure to subtle weight-related cues. Appetite, 58(3), 1109–1112. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.03.010
- Bucher, T., van der Horst, K., & Siegrist, M. (2011). Improvement of meal composition by vegetable variety. Public Health Nutrition, 14(8), 1357–1363.
- Bucher, T., Siegrist, M., & van der Horst, K. (2014). Vegetable variety: An effective strategy to increase vegetable choice in children. Public Health Nutrition, 17(6), 1232–1236.
- Buckland, N. J., Finlayson, G., Edge, R., & Hetherington, M. M. (2014). Resistance reminders: Dieters reduce energy intake after exposure to diet-congruent food images compared to control non-food images. Appetite, 73, 189–196. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.10.022
- Buckland, N. J., Finlayson, G., & Hetherington, M. M. (2013a). Pre-exposure to diet-congruent food reduces energy intake in restrained dieting women. Eating Behaviors, 14(3), 249–254.
- Buckland, N. J., Finlayson, G., & Hetherington, M. M. (2013b). Slimming starters. Intake of a diet-congruent food reduces meal intake in active dieters. Appetite, 71, 430–437.
- Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1996). Automatic activation of impression formation and memorization goals: Nonconscious goal priming reproduces effects of explicit task instructions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 464–478. doi:10.1037/0022–3514.71.3.464
- Chetty, R., Looney, A., & Kroft, K. (2007). Salience and taxation: Theory and evidence (Working Paper No. 13330). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w13330
- Custers, R., & Aarts, H. (2005). Positive affect as implicit motivator: On the nonconscious operation of behavioral goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(2), 129–142.
- Custers, R., & Aarts, H. (2010). The unconscious will: How the pursuit of goals operates outside of conscious awareness. Science, 329(5987), 47–50. doi:10.1126/science.1188595
- Dayan, E., & Bar-Hillel, M. (2011). Nudge to nobesity II: Menu positions influence food orders. Judgment and Decision Making, 6(4), 333–342.
- Dijksterhuis, A., & Aarts, H. (2010). Goals, attention, and (un)consciousness. Annual Review of Psychology, 61(1), 467–490. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100445
- Dijksterhuis, A., Smith, P. K., van Baaren, R. B., & Wigboldus, D. H. J. (2005). The unconscious consumer: Effects of environment on consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(3), 193–202.
- Fishbach, A., Friedman, R. S., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2003). Leading us not into temptation: Momentary allurements elicit overriding goal activation.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 296–309.
- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2011). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. New York: Taylor & Francis.
- Forwood, S. E., Ahern, A. L., Hollands, G. J., Ng, Y.-L., & Marteau, T. M. (2015). Priming healthy eating. You can’t prime all the people all of the time. Appetite, 89, 93–102.
- Gardner, B. (2015). A review and analysis of the use of “habit” in understanding, predicting and influencing health-related behaviour. Health Psychology Review, 9(3), 277–295.
- Geier, A. B., Rozin, P., & Doros, G. (2006). Unit bias: A new heuristic that helps explain the effect of portion size on food intake. Psychological Science, 17(6), 521–525.
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Brandstätter, V. (1997). Implementation intentions and effective goal pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), 186–199.
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2006). Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 69–119). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
- Hanson, A., & Sullivan, R. (2015). Incidence and salience of alcohol taxes do consumers overreact? Public Finance Review, doi:10.1177/1091142115591204
- Harrell, A. (2012). Do religious cognitions promote prosociality? Rationality and Society, 24(4), 463–482. doi:10.1177/1043463112463930
- Hart, W., & Albarracín, D. (2009). The effects of chronic achievement motivation and achievement primes on the activation of achievement and fun goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(6), 1129–1141. doi:10.1037/a0017146
- Hawkes, C., Smith, T. G., Jewell, J., Wardle, J., Hammond, R. A., Friel, S., … Kain, J. (2015). Smart food policies for obesity prevention. The Lancet, 385(9985), 2410–2421.
- Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (1980). Restrained eating. In A. J. Stunkard (Ed.), Obesity (pp. 208–225). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.
- Hofmann, W., Deutsch, R., Lancaster, K., & Banaji, M. R. (2010). Cooling the heat of temptation: Mental self-control and the automatic evaluation of tempting stimuli. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(1), 17–25. doi:10.1002/ejsp.708
- Hofmann, W., Friese, M., & Wiers, R. W. (2008). Impulsive versus reflective influences on health behavior: A theoretical framework and empirical review. Health Psychology Review, 2(2), 111–137.
- Holland, R. W., Aarts, H., & Langendam, D. (2006). Breaking and creating habits on the working floor: A field-experiment on the power of implementation intentions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(6), 776–783.
- Hollands, G. J., Marteau, T. M., & Fletcher, P. C. (2016). Non-conscious processes in changing health-related behaviour: A conceptual analysis and framework. Health Psychology Review, 1–14.
- Hollands, G. J., Prestwich, A., & Marteau, T. M. (2011). Using aversive images to enhance healthy food choices and implicit attitudes: An experimental test of evaluative conditioning. Health Psychology, 30(2), 195–203. doi:10.1037/a0022261
- Hollands, G. J., Shemilt, I., Marteau, T. M., Jebb, S. A., Kelly, M. P., Nakamura, R., … Ogilvie, D. (2013). Altering micro-environments to change population health behaviour: Towards an evidence base for choice architecture interventions. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1218.
- Hollands, G. J., Shemilt, I., Marteau, T. M., Jebb, S. A., Lewis, H. B., Wei, Y., … Ogilvie, D. (2015). Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.library.uu.nl/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD011045.pub2/abstract
- Janz, N. K., & Becker, M. H. (1984). The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education and Behavior, 11(1), 1–47.
- Jenkins, K. T., & Tapper, K. (2014). Resisting chocolate temptation using a brief mindfulness strategy. British Journal of Health Psychology, 19(3), 509–522. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12050
- Keesman, M., Papies, E., Vermeent, P. C. S., Aarts, H., & Hafner, M. (2015). Consumption simulations induce salivary responses to food cues. Under Review.
- Keller, C., Markert, F., & Bucher, T. (2015). Nudging product choices: The effect of position change on snack bar choice. Food Quality and Preference, 41, 41–43.
- Kerameas, K., Vartanian, L. R., Peter, C., & Polivy, J. (2015). The effect of portion size and unit size on food intake: Unit bias or segmentation effect? Health Psychology, 34(6), 670–676.
- Kok, G., Gottlieb, N. H., Peters, G.-J. Y., Mullen, P. D., Parcel, G. S., Ruiter, R. A. C., … Bartholomew, L. K. (2015). A taxonomy of behaviour change methods: An intervention mapping approach. Health Psychology Review, 1–16. doi:10.1080/17437199.2015.1077155
- Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., & Sleeth Keppler, D. (2002). A theory of goal systems. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 331–378). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- van der Laan, L. N., Papies, E. K., Hooge, I. T. C., & Smeets, P. A. M. (2016). Goal-directed visual attention drives health goal priming: An eye-tracking experiment. Under Review.
- Lacaille, J., Ly, J., Zacchia, N., Bourkas, S., Glaser, E., & Knäuper, B. (2014). The effects of three mindfulness skills on chocolate cravings. Appetite. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.01.072
- Lally, P., & Gardner, B. (2013). Promoting habit formation. Health Psychology Review, 7(Supp1.), S137–S158. doi:10.1080/17437199.2011.603640
- Lee, K. K., Perry, A. S., Wolf, S. A., Agarwal, R., Rosenblum, R., Fischer, S., … Silver, L. D. (2012). Promoting routine stair use: Evaluating the impact of a stair prompt across buildings. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42(2), 136–141.
- Marteau, T. M., Hollands, G. J., & Fletcher, P. C. (2012). Changing human behavior to prevent disease: The importance of targeting automatic processes. Science, 337(6101), 1492–1495.
- Marteau, T. M., Ogilvie, D., Roland, M., Suhrcke, M., & Kelly, M. P. (2011). Judging nudging: can nudging improve population health? BMJ, 342, d228.
- Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin July 1998, 124(1), 54–74.
- Papies, E. K. (2013). Tempting food words activate eating simulations. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 838.
- Papies, E. K. (2016). Goal priming as a situated intervention tool. Current Opinion in Psychology, 12, 12–16. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.008
- Papies, E. K., & Aarts, H. (2016). Automatic self-regulation: From habit to goal pursuit. In Handbook of self regulation: Research, theory, and applications (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- Papies, E. K., Aarts, H., & de Vries, N. K. (2009). Planning is for doing: Implementation intentions go beyond the mere creation of goal-directed associations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(5), 1148–1151.
- Papies, E. K., & Barsalou, L. W. (2015). Grounding desire and motivated behavior: A theoretical framework and review of empirical evidence. In The psychology of desire (pp. 36–60). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- Papies, E. K., Barsalou, L. W., & Custers, R. (2012). Mindful attention prevents mindless impulses. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(3), 291–299.
- Papies, E. K., & Hamstra, P. (2010). Goal priming and eating behavior: Enhancing self-regulation by environmental cues. Health Psychology, 29(4), 384–388. doi:10.1037/a0019877
- Papies, E. K., Potjes, I., Keesman, M., Schwinghammer, S., & van Koningsbruggen, G. M. (2014). Using health primes to reduce unhealthy snack purchases among overweight consumers in a grocery store. International Journal of Obesity, 38(4), 597–602. doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.136
- Papies, E. K., Pronk, T. M., Keesman, M., & Barsalou, L. W. (2015). The benefits of simply observing: Mindful attention modulates the link between motivation and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(1), 148–170. doi:10.1037/a0038032
- Papies, E. K., Stroebe, W., & Aarts, H. (2008a). Healthy cognition: Processes of self-regulatory success in restrained eating. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(9), 1290–1300.
- Papies, E. K., Stroebe, W., & Aarts, H. (2008b). The allure of forbidden food: On the role of attention in self-regulation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(5), 1283–1292.
- Papies, E. K., & Veling, H. (2013). Healthy dining: Subtle diet reminders at the point of purchase increase low-calorie food choices among both chronic and current dieters. Appetite, 61, 1–7.
- Parmenter, K., Waller, J., & Wardle, J. (2000). Demographic variation in nutrition knowledge in England. Health Education Research, 15(2), 163–174. doi:10.1093/her/15.2.163
- Rogers, R. W., & Prentice-Dunn, S. (1997). Protection motivation theory. In Handbook of health behavior research 1: Personal and social determinants (pp. 113–132). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
- Rozin, P., Scott, S., Dingley, M., Urbanek, J. K., Jiang, H., & Kaltenbach, M. (2011). Nudge to nobesity I: Minor changes in accessibility decrease food intake. Judgment and Decision Making, 6(4), 323–332.
- Schoenmakers, T. M., de Bruin, M., Lux, I. F. M., Goertz, A. G., Van Kerkhof, D. H. A. T., & Wiers, R. W. (2010). Clinical effectiveness of attentional bias modification training in abstinent alcoholic patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 109(1–3), 30–36.
- Shah, J. Y., Friedman, R., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2002). Forgetting all else: On the antecedents and consequences of goal shielding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1261–1280.
- Shariff, A. F., Willard, A. K., Andersen, T., & Norenzayan, A. (2016). Religious priming: A meta-analysis with a focus on prosociality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20(1), 27–48.
- Sheeran, P., Aarts, H., Custers, R., Rivis, A., Webb, T. L., & Cooke, R. (2005). The goal-dependent automaticity of drinking habits. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44(1), 47–63.
- Sheeran, P., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Bargh, J. A. (2013). Nonconscious processes and health. Health Psychology, 32(5), 460–473. doi:10.1037/a0029203
- Simmons, W. K., Martin, A., & Barsalou, L. W. (2005). Pictures of appetizing foods activate gustatory cortices for taste and reward. Cerebral Cortex, 15(10), 1602–1608.
- Sniehotta, F. F., Presseau, J., & Araújo-Soares, V. (2014). Time to retire the theory of planned behaviour. Health Psychology Review, 8(1), 1–7.
- Soler, R. E., Leeks, K. D., Buchanan, L. R., Brownson, R. C., Heath, G. W., & Hopkins, D. H. (2010). Point-of-decision prompts to increase stair use: A systematic review update. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(2, Suppl), S292–S300.
- Spanos, S., Kenda, A. S., & Vartanian, L. R. (2015). Can serving-size labels reduce the portion-size effect? A pilot study. Eating Behaviors, 16, 40–42.
- Stöckli, S., Stämpfli, A. E., Messner, C., & Brunner, T. A. (2016). An (un)healthy poster: When environmental cues affect consumers’ food choices at vending machines. Appetite, 96, 368–374. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.034
- Story, M., Kaphingst, K. M., Robinson-O’Brien, R., & Glanz, K. (2008). Creating healthy food and eating environments: Policy and environmental approaches. Annual Review of Public Health, 29(1), 253–272. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090926
- Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (2004). Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(3), 220–247.
- Stroebe, W., van Koningsbruggen, G. M., Papies, E. K., & Aarts, H. (2013). Why most dieters fail but some succeed: A goal conflict model of eating behavior. Psychological Review, 120(1), 110–138.
- Stroebe, W., Mensink, W., Aarts, H., Schut, H., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2008). Why dieters fail: Testing the goal conflict model of eating. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(1), 26–36.
- Veling, H., Aarts, H., & Papies, E. K. (2011). Using stop signals to inhibit chronic dieters’ responses toward palatable foods. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(11), 771–780.
- Veling, H., van Koningsbruggen, G. M., Aarts, H., & Stroebe, W. (2014). Targeting impulsive processes of eating behavior via the internet. Effects on body weight. Appetite, 78, 102–109.
- Veltkamp, M., Aarts, H., & Custers, R. (2008). On the emergence of deprivation-reducing behaviors: Subliminal priming of behavior representations turns deprivation into motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(3), 866–873. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2007.08.005
- Versluis, I., & Papies, E. K. (2016). Eating less from bigger packs: Preventing the pack size effect with diet primes. Appetite, 100, 70–79.
- Versluis, I., Papies, E. K., & Marchiori, D. (2015). Preventing the pack size effect: Exploring the effectiveness of pictorial and non-pictorial serving size recommendations. Appetite, 87, 116–126. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.097
- Wansink, B., & Payne, C. R. (2007). Counting bones: Environmental cues that decrease food intake. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 104(1), 273–276. doi:10.2466/pms.104.1.273–276
- Wardle, J., Parmenter, K., & Waller, J. (2000). Nutrition knowledge and food intake. Appetite, 34(3), 269–275. doi:10.1006/appe.1999.0311
- Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. (2006, March). Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 132(2), 249–268.
- Weingarten, E., Chen, Q., McAdams, M., Yi, J., Hepler, J., & Albarracin, D. (2016). From primed concepts to action: A meta-analysis of the behavioral effects of incidentally presented words. Psychological Bulletin, 142(5), 472–497. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000030
- Wiers, R. W., Eberl, C., Rinck, M., Becker, E. S., & Lindenmeyer, J. (2011). Retraining automatic action tendencies changes alcoholic patients’ approach bias for alcohol and improves treatment outcome. Psychological Science. doi:10.1177/0956797611400615
- Wiers, R. W., Gladwin, T. E., Hofmann, W., Salemink, E., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2013). Cognitive bias modification and cognitive control training in addiction and related psychopathology mechanisms, clinical perspectives, and ways forward. Clinical Psychological Science. doi:10.1177/2167702612466547
- Wiers, R. W., Rinck, M., Kordts, R., Houben, K., & Strack, F. (2010). Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers. Addiction, 105(2), 279–287.
- Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007, October). A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Psychological Review, 14(4), 843–863. doi:10.1037/0033–295X.114.4.843
- Wryobeck, J., & Chen, Y. (2003). Using priming techniques to facilitate health behaviours. Clinical Psychologist, 7(2), 105–108. doi:10.1080/13284200410001707553