Cultural and societal motivations for being informal caregivers: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis

References

• Abell, N. (2001). Assessing willingness to care for persons with AIDS: Validation of a new measure. Research on Social Work Practice, 11(1), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973150101100108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albertini, M., Kohli, M., & Vogel, C. (2007). Intergenerational transfers of time and money in European families: Common patterns–different regimes? Journal of European Social Policy, 17(4), 319–334. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928707081068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albinsson, L., & Strang, P. (2003). Existential concerns of families of late-stage. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 6(2), 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1089/109662103764978470
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Janabi, H., Carmichael, F., Oyebode, J., Al-Janabi, H., Carmichael, F., & Oyebode, J. (2018). Informal care: Choice or constraint? Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 32(1), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida, L. P. B., Menezes, T. M. O., Freitas, A. V. S., & Pedreira, L. C. (2018). Social and demographic characteristics of elderly caregivers and reasons to care for elderly people at home. REME: Revista Mineira de Enfermagem, 22, e-1074. https://doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.20180004
   Google Scholar
• Alonso, W. W., Kitko, L. A., & Hupcey, J. E. (2018). Intergenerational caregivers of parents with end-Stage heart failure. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 32(4), 413–435. https://doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.32.4.413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anngela-Cole, L., & Busch, M. (2011). Stress and grief among family caregivers of older adults with cancer: A multicultural comparison from Hawai’i. Journal of Social Work in End-Of-Life & Palliative Care, 7(4), 318–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524256.2011.623460
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aronson, J. (1992). Women’s sense of responsibility for the care of old people: “But who else is going to do it?” Gender & Society, 6(1), 8–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124392006001002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arpanantikul, M. (2018). Women’s perspectives on home-based care for family members with chronic illness: An interpretive phenomenology study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 20(4), 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asahara, K., Momose, Y., & Murashima, S. (2002). Family caregiving of the elderly and long-term care insurance in rural Japan. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 8(3), 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-172X.2002.00358.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baca Zinn, M., & Wells, B. (2000). Diversity within Latino families: New lessons for family social science. In D. Demo, K. Allen, & M. A. Fine (Eds.), Handbook of family diversity (pp. 252–273). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bäckström, B., & Sundin, K. (2010). The experience of being a middle-aged close relative of a person who has suffered a stroke – Six months after discharge from a rehabilitation clinic. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 24(1), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00694.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, G. P., Jensen, M. C., & Murphy, K. J. (1988). Compensation and incentives: Practice vs. theory. The Journal of Finance, 43(3), 593–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb04593.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bambra, C. (2005). Worlds of welfare and the health care discrepancy. Social Policy and Society, 4(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746404002143
   Google Scholar
• Barber, N. (2010). Kindness in a cruel world: The evolution of altruism. Prometheus Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bashir, N. (2014). The drivers and impacts of family obligations and overseas remittances practices: A case study of Pakistani-origin individuals in the UK. Social Policy and Society, 13(2), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746413000493
   Google Scholar
• Bateson, C. D. (1991). The Altruism question: Toward a social-psychological answer. Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer, J. M., & Sousa-Poza, A. (2015). Impacts of informal caregiving on caregiver employment, health, and family. Journal of Population Ageing, 8(3), 113–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-015-9116-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettio, F., & Verashchagina, A. (2010). Long-term care for the elderly: Provisions and providers in 33 European countries. Publications Office of the EU.
   Google Scholar
• Blieszner, R., & Shifflet, P. A. (1989). Affection, communication, and commitment in adult-child caregiving for parents with Alzheimer’s disease. In J. A. Mancini (Ed.), Aging parents and adult children (pp. 231–242). Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Boeije, H. R., Duijnstee, M. S. H., & Grypdonck, M. H. F. (2003). Continuation of caregiving among partners who give total care to spouses with multiple sclerosis. Health & Social Care in the Community, 11(3), 242–252. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2524.2003.00422.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth, A. (2016). Searching for qualitative research for inclusion in systematic reviews: A structured methodological review. Systematic Reviews, 5(74), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0249-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Börsch-Supan, A. (2019). Survey of health, ageing and retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 7. Release version: 700 SHARE-ERIC. https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w7.700.
   Google Scholar
• Bouget, D., Spasova, S., & Vanhercke, B. (2016). Work-life balance measures for persons of working age with dependent relatives in Europe. A study of national policies. Eur Soc Prot Netw. Brussels: European Commission. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305115112.
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Bridges, B. J. (1995). Therapeutic caregiving: A practical guide for caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s and other dementia causing diseases. Bjb Pub.
   Google Scholar
• Browne Sehy, Y. A. (1998). Moral decision-making by elderly women caregivers: A feminist perspective on justice and care. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, L., & Lim, S. (2013). Australian-Chinese families caring for elderly relatives. Ageing and Society, 33(8), 1401–1421. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X12000657
   Google Scholar
• Burridge, L., Winch, S., & Clavarino, A. (2007). Reluctance to care. Cancer Nursing, 30(2), E9–E19. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ncc.0000265298.17394.e0
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cahill, S. M. (1999). Caring in families: What motivates wives, daughters, and daughters-in-law to provide dementia care? Journal of Family Studies, 5(2), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.5172/jfs.5.2.235
   Google Scholar
• Camden, A., Livingston, G., & Cooper, C. (2011). Reasons why family members become carers and the outcome for the person with dementia: Results from the CARD study. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(9), 1442–1450. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211001189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carers UK. (2019a). State of caring. A snapshot of unpaid care in the UK. Carers UK.
   Google Scholar
• Carers UK. (2019b). Facts about carers 2019. Policy Brief. 000: 1–11. https://www.carersuk.org/images/Facts_about_Carers_2019.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cash, B., Hodgkin, S., & Warburton, J. (2013). Till death us do part? A critical analysis of obligation and choice for spousal caregivers. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 56(8), 657–674. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2013.823472
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CASP. (2014). Critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) qualitative checklist. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/
   Google Scholar
• Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., & Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 980–1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers, B. (1996). Western and African conceptualizations of health. Psychology & Health, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870449608406915
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamberlain, C., Ralph, N., Hokke, S., Clark, Y., Gee, G., & Stansfield, C. (2019). Healing the past by nurturing the future: A qualitative systematic review and metasynthesis of pregnancy, birth and early postpartum experiences and views of parents with a history of childhood maltreatment. PLoS One, 14(12), e0225441. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, S. Y., & Roth, P. (2000). The experiences of Taiwanese women caring for parents-in-law. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(3), 631–638. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01319.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, M., & Huttlinger, K. (1998). Elder care among Mexican American families. Clinical Nursing Research, 7(1), 64–81. http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107251285&site=ehost-live. https://doi.org/10.1177/105477389800700106
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Leon Arabit, L. (2005). Coping strategies of Latino women caring for a spouse recovering from a stroke: A grounded theory. Journal of Theory Construction & Testing, 12(2), 42–49. http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/coping-strategies-latino-women-caring-spouse/docview/219214366/se-2?accountid=14874
   Google Scholar
• Del-Pino-Casado, R., Frías-Osuna, A., & Palomino-Moral, P. A. (2011). Subjective burden and cultural motives for caregiving in informal caregivers of older people. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(3), 282–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01407.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilworth-Anderson, P., Brummett, B. H., Goodwin, P., Williams, S. W., Williams, R. B., & Siegler, I. C. (2005). Effect of race on cultural justifications for caregiving. Journals Gerontol Ser B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 60B(5), 257. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.5.S257
   Google Scholar
• Donorfio, L. K. M., & Kellett, K. (2006). Filial responsibility and transitions involved: A qualitative exploration of caregiving daughters and frail mothers. Journal of Adult Development, 13(3-4), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-007-9025-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donovan, R., & Williams, A. M. (2015). Care-giving as a Canadian-Vietnamese tradition: “It’s like eating, you just do it”. Health & Social Care in the Community, 23(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumit, N. Y., Abboud, S., Massouh, A., & Magilvy, J. K. (2015). Role of the Lebanese family caregivers in cardiac self-care: A collective approach. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(21–22), 3318–3326. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunér, A. (2010). Motives, experiences and strategies of next of kin helping older relatives in the Swedish welfare context: A qualitative study. International Journal of Social Welfare, 19(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2008.00631.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dykstra, P. A., & Fokkema, T. (2012). Norms of filial obligation in the Netherlands. Population, 67(1), 97–122. https://doi.org/10.3917/pope.1201.0097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EPPI-Centre. (2010). EPPI-centre methods for conducting systematic reviews. The Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
   Google Scholar
• EPPI-Centre SSRU, EPPI-Centre. (2002). Core keywording strategy: Data collection for a register of educational research. Version 0.9. 7. EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit London.
   Google Scholar
• Erickson, M. E. (2002). Effects of motivation, roles, coping strategies, and adaptations in relationships and personality on caretaking of elderly parents by midlife couples. Walden University.
   Google Scholar
• Fawcett, B. (2014). Well-being and older people: The place of day clubs in reconceptualising participation and challenging deficit. British Journal of Social Work, 44(4), 831–848. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcs145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, W. A., Fisher, J. D., & Harman, J. (2003). The information-motivation-behavioral skills model: A general social psychological approach to understanding and promoting health behavior. In J. Suis, & K. A. Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of health and illness (pp. 82–106). https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470753552.ch4
   Google Scholar
• Foster, L. (2012). An investigation into the impact of dementia on couples and how they cope with this [Doctoral dissertation, University of Bath]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2.
   Google Scholar
• Franco, L. M., Bennett, S., & Kafner, R. (2002). Health sector reform and public sector health worker motivation: A conceptual framework. Social Science & Medicine, 54(8), 1255–1266. http://www.hrhresourcecenter.org/node/1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00094-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank, R. H. (2002). Altruism in competitive environments. In R. J. D. A. Harrington, D. L. X. Bstan, & T. Gyatsho (Eds.), Visions of compassion: Western scientists and Tibetan Buddhists examine human nature (pp. 182–210). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Funk, L. M. (2012). “Returning the love”, not “balancing the books”: Talk about delayed reciprocity in supporting ageing parents. Ageing and Society, 32(4), 634–654. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X11000523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. Basic books.
   Google Scholar
• Gerdner, L. A., Tripp-Reimer, T., & Simpson, H. C. (2007). Hard lives, God’s help, and struggling through: Caregiving in Arkansas delta. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 22(4), 355–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-007-9047-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Globerman, J. (1996). Motivations to care: Daughters-and sons-in-law caring for relatives with Alzheimer’s disease. Family Relations, 45(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.2307/584768
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough, D., Oliver, S., & Thomas, J. (2017). An introduction to systematic reviews. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16(2), 399–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639001600208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, N., McKevitt, C., & Milne, A. (2018). Carer research: Time to rebalance? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 111(7), 253–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076818779204
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenwood, N., & Smith, R. (2019). Motivations for being informal carers of people living with dementia: A systematic review of qualitative literature. BMC Geriatrics, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1185-0
   Google Scholar
• Guberman, N., Maheu, P., & Maillé, C. (1992). Women as family caregivers: Why do they care? The Gerontologist, 32(5), 607–617. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/32.5.607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurayah, T. (2015). Caregiving for people with dementia in a rural context in South Africa. South African Family Practice, 57(3), 194–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2014.976946
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, H. R., Choi, Y. J., Kim, M. T., Lee, J. E., & Kim, K. B. (2008). Experiences and challenges of informal caregiving for Korean immigrants. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 63(5), 517–526. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04746.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanyok, L. A., Mullaney, J., Finucane, T., & Carrese, J. (2009). Potential caregivers for homebound elderly: More numerous than supposed? The Journal of Family Practice, 58(7), 1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, P. B. (1998). Listening to caregiving sons: Misunderstood realities. The Gerontologist, 38(3), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/38.3.342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, P. B., & Long, S. O. (1999). Husbands and sons in the United States and Japan: Cultural expectations and caregiving experiences. Journal of Aging Studies, 13(3), 241–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(99)80096-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidi, S., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000). Motivating the academically unmotivated: A critical issue for the 21st century. Review of Educational Research, 70(2), 151–179. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543070002151
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinton, L., Tran, J. N., Tran, C., & Hinton, D. (2008). Religious and spiritual dimensions of the Vietnamese dementia caregiving experience. Hallym International Journal of Aging, 10(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.2190/HA.10.2.e
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho, B., Friedland, J., Rappolt, S., & Noh, S. (2003). Caregiving for relatives with Alzheimer’s disease: Feelings of Chinese-Canadian women. Journal of Aging Studies, 17(3), 301–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(03)00028-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, F., & Rodrigues, R. (2010). Informal carers: Who takes care of them? Policy Brief. Vienna.
   Google Scholar
• Holroyd, E. (2001). Hong Kong Chinese daughters’ intergenerational caregiving obligations: A cultural model approach. Social Science & Medicine, 53(9), 1125–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00406-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holroyd, E. (2005). Developing a cultural model of caregiving obligations for elderly Chinese wives. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 27(4), 437–456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945905274907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holroyd, E. E. (2003). Chinese family obligations toward chronically ill elderly members: Comparing caregivers in Beijing and Hong Kong. Qualitative Health Research, 13(3), 302–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732302250127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homans, G. C. (1961). Social behavior: Its elementary forms. Harcourt.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu, H. C., & Shyu, Y. L. I. L. (2003). Implicit exchanges in family caregiving for frail elders in Taiwan. Qualitative Health Research, 13(8), 1078–1093. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732303256370
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsueh, K. H., Hu, J., & Clarke-Ekong, S. (2008). Acculturation in filial practices among US Chinese caregivers. Qualitative Health Research, 18(6), 775–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732308318923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, M., & Heycox, K. (2020). Older people, ageing and social work: Knowledge for practice. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Humphrey, N. (1997). Varieties of altruism – And the common ground between them. Social Research, 58(7), 199–209.
   Google Scholar
• Ikkink, K. K., Van Tilburg, T., & Knipscheer, K. C. P. M. (1999). Perceived instrumental support exchanges in relationships between elderly parents and their adult children: Normative and structural explanations. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(4), 831. https://doi.org/10.2307/354006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute, J. B. (2011). Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers’ manual: 2011 edition Adelaide, South Australia. University of Adelaide.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. P., Caughlin, J. P., & Huston, T. L. (1999). The tripartite nature of marital commitment: Personal, moral, and structural reasons to stay married. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(1), 160–177. https://doi.org/10.2307/353891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, P. S., Zhang, X. E., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., & Meleis, A. I. (2002). Caregiving between two cultures: An integrative experience. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/10459602013003009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones, P. S., Zhang, X. E., & Meleis, A. I. (2003). Transforming vulnerability. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 25(7), 835–853. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945903256711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanfer, R., Chen, G., & Pritchard, R. D. (2008). . Work motivation: Past, present and future. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kao, H. F., & Stuifbergen, A. K. (1999). Family experiences related to the decision to institutionalize an elderly member in Taiwan: An exploratory study. Social Science & Medicine, 49(8), 1115–1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00211-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanagh, K. H., & Kennedy, P. H. (1992). Promoting cultural diversity: Strategies for health care professionals. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kellett, U. M. (1999). Searching for new possibilities to care: A qualitative analysis of family caring involvement in nursing homes. Nursing Inquiry, 6(1), 9–16. http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107207839&site=ehost-live. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1800.1999.00003.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khalaila, R., & Litwin, H. (2012). Modernisation and filial piety among traditional family care-givers: A study of Arab-Israelis in cultural transition. Ageing and Society, 32(5), 769–789. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X11000572
   Google Scholar
• Kietzman, K. G., Benjamin, A. E., & Matthias, R. E. (2013). Whose choice? Self-determination and the motivations of paid family and friend caregivers. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 44(4), 519–540. https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/docview/1544981790?accountid=14874. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.44.4.519
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., & Theis, S. L. (2000). Korean American caregivers: Who are they? Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 11(4), 264–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/104365960001100404
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim, Y. (2009). Korean-American family postcaregivers on dementia caregiving: A phenomenological inquiry. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 52(6), 600–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634370903048352
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knight, B. G., & Sayegh, P. (2010). Cultural values and caregiving: The updated sociocultural stress and coping model. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, L., Hosegood, V., & Timaeus, I. M. (2016). Obligation to family during times of transition: Care, support and the response to HIV and AIDS in rural South Africa. AIDS Care, 28(sup4), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1195486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodwo-Nyameazea, Y., & Nguyen, P. V. (2008). Immigrants and long-distance elder care: An exploratory study. Ageing International, 32(4), 279–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-008-9013-4
   Google Scholar
• Kong, E. H., Deatrick, J. A., & Evans, L. K. (2010). The experiences of Korean immigrant caregivers of non-English-speaking older relatives with dementia in American nursing homes. Qualitative Health Research, 20(3), 319–329. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732309354279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooiker, S., de Jong, A., Verbeek-Oudijk, D., & de Boer, A. (2019). Toekomstverkenning mantelzorg aan ouderen in 2040.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer, B. J., & Thompson, E. H. (2002). Men as caregivers. Prometheus Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kristanti, M. S., Effendy, C., Utarini, A., Vernooij-Dassen, M., & Engels, Y. (2019). The experience of family caregivers of patients with cancer in an Asian country: A grounded theory approach. Palliative Medicine, 33(6), 676–684. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216319833260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuşçu, M. K., Dural, U., Yaşa, Y., Kiziltoprak, S., & Önen, P. (2009). Decision pathways and individual motives in informal caregiving during cancer treatment in Turkey. European Journal of Cancer Care, 18(6), 569–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2354.2007.00900.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauritzen, J., Bjerrum, M. B., Pedersen, P. U., & Sørensen, E. E. (2019). Support groups for carers of a person with dementia who lives at home: A focused ethnographic study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(11), 2934–2942. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H., Lee, J. E. J. J.-E., & Lee, J. E. J. J.-E. (2019). Bereaved families’ experiences of end-of-life care at home for older adults with non-cancer in South Korea. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 36(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2018.1554768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leichtentritt, R. D., Schwartz, V., & Rettig, K. D. (2004). The lived experiences of Israeli Arab Moslems who are caring for a relative with cognitive decline. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 59(4), 363–389. doi:https://doi.org/10.2190/YQAN-6KVA-7HPK-RX2C
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, R., & Johansson, S. (2008). Policy and practices relating to the active engagement of older people in the community: A comparison of Sweden and Australia. International Journal of Social Welfare, 17(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2007.00497.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventhal, H., Brissette, I., & Leventhal, E. A. (2003). The common-sense model of self-regulation of health and illness. In L. D. Cameron, & H. Leventhal (Eds.), The self-regulation of health and illness behaviour (pp. 42–65). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lewin, S., Bohren, M., Rashidian, A., Munthe-Kaas, H., Glenton, C., & Colvin, C. J. (2018). Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings-paper 2: How to make an overall CERQual assessment of confidence and create a Summary of Qualitative Findings table. Implementation Science, 13(Suppl 1). Article number: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0689-2
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. B., Curtis, M. P., & Saucier Lundy, K. (1995). He calls me his angel of mercy: The experience of caring for elderly parents in the home. Holistic Nursing Practice, 13, 54–65. Article number: 10. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004650-199507000-00008
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, S. (1997). ‘Family friendly’employment policies: A route to changing organizational culture or playing about at the margins? Gender, Work & Organization, 4(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0432.00020
   Google Scholar
• Li, L. W., Long, Y., Essex, E. L., Sui, Y., & Gao, L. (2012). Elderly Chinese and their family caregivers’ perceptions of good care: A qualitative study in Shandong, China. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 55(7), 609–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2012.703165
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lieberman, M. A., & Fisher, L. (1999). The effects of family conflict resolution and decision making on the provision of help for an elder with Alzheimer’s disease. The Gerontologist, 39(2), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/39.2.159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, M. C., Macmillan, M., & Brown, N. (2012). A grounded theory longitudinal study of carers’ experiences of caring for people with dementia. Dementia, 11(2), 181–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301211421362
   Google Scholar
• Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988). Critical issues in social justice. The social psychology of procedural justice. Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2115-4
   Google Scholar
• List of Developing Countries. (2018). List of developing countries. The International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. https://isge2018.isgesociety.com/registration/list-of-developing-countries/
   Google Scholar
• Lyonette, C., & Yardley, L. (2003). The influence on carer wellbeing of motivations to care for older people and the relationship with the care recipient. Ageing and Society, 23(4), 487–506. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X03001284
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahilall, R. (2006). Motivations and expectations of a locally specific group of volunteer home based carers serving people with HIV/AIDS in the Mariannhill region.
   Google Scholar
• Mars, D. G. (2015). The lived experience of African American informal caregivers of a family member with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Hampton University.
   Google Scholar
• McDermott, E., & Mendez-Luck, C. A. (2018). The processes of becoming a caregiver among Mexican-origin women: A cultural psychological perspective. Sage Open, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018771733
   Google Scholar
• McDonell, J. R., Abell, N., & Miller, J. (1991). Family members’ willingness to care for people with AIDS: A psychosocial assessment model. Social Work, 36(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/36.1.43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonnell, E., & Ryan, A. A. (2014). The experience of sons caring for a parent with dementia. Dementia, 13(6), 788–802. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301213485374
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mendez-Luck, C., & Anthony, K. P. (2016). Marianismo and caregiving role beliefs among U.S.-born and immigrant Mexican women. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 71(5), 926–935. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merrill, D. M. (1996). Conflict and cooperation among adult siblings during the transition to the role of filial caregiver. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 399–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863870092005
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, O. L., Nguyen, K. H., Dao, T. N., Vu, P., Arean, P., & Hinton, L. (2015). The sociocultural context of caregiving experiences for Vietnamese dementia family caregivers. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6(3), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1037/aap0000024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mok, E., Chan, F., Chan, V., & Yeung, E. (2003). Family experience caring for terminally ill patients with cancer in Hong Kong. Cancer Nursing, 26(4), 267–275. http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106880188&site=ehost-live. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002820-200308000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, D. G., & Laing, G. P. (1991). The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: Spouse’s perspectives. Qualitative Health Research, 1(3), 370–387. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/104973239100100306
   Google Scholar
• Muoghalu, C. O., & Jegede, S. A. (2010). The role of cultural practices and the family in the care for people living with HIV/AIDS among the Igbo of Anambra State, Nigeria. Social Work in Health Care, 49(10), 981–1006. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2010.518885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, M. R. (2005). Positive aspects of family caregiving of patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A qualitative study. Our Lady of the Lake University in Texas. https://search.proquest.com/docview/220297257?accountid=12834
   Google Scholar
• Neufeld, A., & Harrison, M. J. (1998). Men as caregivers: Reciprocal relationships or obligation? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(5), 959–968. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00818.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, H. Y., Griva, K., Lim, H. A., Tan, J. Y. S., & Mahendran, R. (2016). The burden of filial piety: A qualitative study on caregiving motivations amongst family caregivers of patients with cancer in Singapore. Psychology & Health, 31(11), 1293–1310. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2016.1204450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nkongho, N. O., & Archbold, P. G. (1995). Reasons for caregiving in African American families. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 2(4), 116–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noyes, J., & Lewin, S. (2011). Supplemental guidance on selecting a method of qualitative evidence synthesis, and integrating qualitative evidence with Cochrane intervention reviews. Supplementary Guidance for Inclusion of Qualitative Research in Cochrane Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
   Google Scholar
• Öhman, M., & Söderberg, S. (2004). The experiences of close relatives living with a person with serious chronic illness. Qualitative Health Research, 14(3), 396–410. http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106760470&site=ehost-live. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732303261692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opie, A. (1994). The instability of the caring body: Gender and caregivers of confused older people. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1994(4), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611411929
   Google Scholar
• Øydgard, G. W. (2017). The influence of institutional discourses on the work of informal carers: An institutional ethnography from the perspective of informal carers. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2591-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pang, R. C. K., & Lee, D. T. F. (2019). Finding positives in caregiving: The unique experiences of Chinese spousal caregivers of persons with young-onset dementia. Dementia, 18(5), 1615–1628. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301217724026
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park, H. J. (2015). Legislating for filial piety: An indirect approach to promoting family support and responsibility for older people in Korea. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 27(3), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2015.1024536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, M. (2012). Filial piety and parental responsibility: An interpretive phenomenological study of family caregiving for a person with mental illness among Korean immigrants. BMC Nursing, 11(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6955-11-28
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parveen, S., & Morrison, V. (2012). Predicting caregiver gains: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17(4), 711–723. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02067.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parveen, S., Morrison, V., & Robinson, C. A. (2011). Ethnic variations in the caregiver role: A qualitative study. Journal of Health Psychology, 16(6), 862–872. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310392416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parveen, S., Morrison, V., & Robinson, C. A. (2013). Ethnicity, familism and willingness to care: Important influences on caregiver mood? Aging & Mental Health, 17(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.717251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parveen, S., Morrison, V., & Robinson, C. A. (2014). Does coping mediate the relationship between familism and caregiver outcomes? Aging & Mental Health, 18(2), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2013.827626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelusi, J. L. (1999). Cancer survivorship: The other side. The lived experience of partners of long-term breast cancer survivors (quality of life, coping). Cancer Survivorship. The Other Side. The Lived Experience of Partners of Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors. University of Arizona. http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109842980&site=ehost-live.
   Google Scholar
• Pickard, L. (2015). A growing care gap? The supply of unpaid care for older people by their adult children in England to 2032. Ageing and Society, 35(1), 96–123. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X13000512
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce, L. L. (2001). Caring and expressions of stability by urban family caregivers of persons with stroke within African American family systems. Rehabilitation Nursing, 26(3), 100. http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=12035690&site=ehost-live. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.2001.tb02213.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piotrowska, E. Z. (2015). Problemy społeczne rodzin opiekujących się swoimi bliskimi w terminalnym okresie choroby nowotworowej. Med Paliatywna, 7(1), 45–57.
   Google Scholar
• Qadir, F., Gulzar, W., Haqqani, S., & Khalid, A. (2013). A pilot study examining the awareness, attitude, and burden of informal caregivers of patients with dementia. Care Management Journals, 14(4), 230–240. https://doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.14.4.230
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiu, X., Sit, J. W. H., & Koo, F. K. (2018). The influence of Chinese culture on family caregivers of stroke survivors: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(1-2), e309–e319. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, C. (2009). Relationships, motivations and meanings in informal caregiving for people with dementia. Bangor University.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn, C., Clare, L., & Woods, R. T. (2010). The impact of motivations and meanings on the wellbeing of caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610209990810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revenson, T., Griva, K., Luszczynska, A., Morrison, V., Panagopoulou, E., & Vilchinsky, N. (2016). Caregiving in the illness context. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Rivera, J., Bermejo, F., Franco, M., Morales-González, J. M., & Benito-León, J. (2009). Understanding care of people with dementia in Spain: Cohabitation arrangements, rotation and rejection to long term care institution. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(2), 142–148. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokeach, M. (2008). Understanding human values. Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, R. (2001). In sickness and in health a qualitative study of elderly men who care for wives with dementia. Journal of Aging Studies, 15(4), 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(01)00028-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sand, L., Olsson, M., & Strang, P. (2010). What are motives of family members who take responsibility in palliative cancer care? Mortality, 15(1), 64–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13576270903537690
   Google Scholar
• Sasat, S. (1998). Caring for dementia in Thailand: A study of family care for demented elderly relatives in Thai Buddhist society. University of Hull.
   Google Scholar
• Schulz, R., Biegel, D., Morycz, R., & Visintainer, P. (1989). Psychological paradigms for understanding caregiving. In E. Light, & B. D. Lebowitz (Eds.), Alzheimer’s disease treatment and family stress: Directions for research (pp. 106–121). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health.
   Google Scholar
• Schwarzkopf, L., Menn, P., Leidl, R., Wunder, S., Mehlig, H., & Marx, P. (2012). Excess costs of dementia disorders and the role of age and gender-an analysis of German health and long-term care insurance claims data. BMC Health Services Research, 12(1), 165. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-165
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seddon, D., & Robinson, C. (2015). Carer assessment: Continuing tensions and dilemmas for social care practice. Health & Social Care in the Community, 23(1), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheu, S. (1997). Filial piety (Hsiao) and filial caregiving experiences of Chinese families in the San Francisco Bay area. University of California.
   Google Scholar
• Silverstein, M., Gans, D., & Yang, F. M. (2006). Intergenerational support to aging parents: The role of norms and needs. Journal of Family Issues, 27(8), 1068–1084. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X06288120
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims-Gould, J., & Martin-Matthews, A. (2008). Themes in family care-giving: Implications for social work practice with older adults. British Journal of Social Work, 38(8), 1572–1587. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skills for Care. (2018). Using conversations to assess and plan people’s care and support. The principles of conversational assessment. Leeds. https://www.skillsforcare.org.uk/Documents/Leadership-and-management/Workforce-commissioning/Conversational-assessment/Using-conversations-to-assess-and-plan-peoples-care-and-support.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer, D., Neufeld, A., Harrison, M., Hughes, K., & Stewart, M. (2003). Caregiving in transnational context: “My wings have been cut; where can I fly?”. Gender & Society, 17(2), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243202250832
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stajduhar, K. I., Funk, L., Toye, C., Grande, G. E., Aoun, S., & Todd, C. J. (2010). Part 1: Home-based family caregiving at the end of life: A comprehensive review of published quantitative research (1998–2008). Palliative Medicine, 24(6), 573–593. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216310371412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stajduhar, K. I., Martin, W. L., Barwich, D., & Fyles, G. (2008). Factors influencing family caregivers’ ability to cope with providing end-of-life cancer care at home. Cancer Nursing, 31(1), 77–85. http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106012784&site=ehost-live. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NCC.0000305686.36637.b5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statham, J. (2003). A day at a time: A study of unsupported family carers of older people. University of Glasgow.
   Google Scholar
• Sterritt, P. F., & Pokorny, M. E. (1998). African-American caregiving for a relative with Alzheimer’s disease. Geriatric Nursing, 19(3), 127–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4572(98)90056-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strumpf, N. E., Glicksman, A., Goldberg-Glen, R. S., Fox, R. C., & Logue, E. H. (2001). Caregiver and elder experiences of Cambodian, Vietnamese, Soviet Jewish, and Ukranian refugees. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 53(3), 233–252. http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106680721&site=ehost-live. https://doi.org/10.2190/PXUG-J0T8-DGUK-08MD
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung, K. (1994). A cross-cultural comparison of motivations for parent care: The case of Americans and Koreans. Journal of Ageing Studies, 8(2), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(05)80006-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takigiku, S. K., Brubaker, T. H., & Hennon, C. B. (1993). A contextual model of stress among parent caregivers of gay sons with AIDS. AIDS Education and Prevention, 5(1), 25–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tretteteig, S., Vatne, S., & Rokstad, A. M. M. (2017). Meaning in family caregiving for people with dementia: A narrative study about relationships, values, and motivation, and how day care influences these factors. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 10, 445–455. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S151507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tretteteig, S., Vatne, S., Rokstad, A. M. M., & Rokstad, A. M. M. (2017). The influence of day care centres designed for people with dementia on family caregivers – A qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics, 17(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0403-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Sjaak Geest, D. E. R. (2002). Respect and reciprocity: Care of elderly people in rural Ghana. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 17(1), 3–31. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014843004627
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Wezel, N., Francke, A. L., Kayan-Acun, E., Devillé, L. J. M., van Grondelle, N. J., & Blom, M. M. (2016). Family care for immigrants with dementia: The perspectives of female family carers living in the Netherlands. Dementia, 15(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301213517703
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vellone, E., Sansoni, J., & Cohen, M. Z. (2002). The experience of Italians caring for family members with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 34(4), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00323.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallhagen, M. I., & Yamamoto-Mitani, N. (2006). The meaning of family caregiving in Japan and the United States: A qualitative comparative study. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 17(1), 65–73. Available: http://ezproxy.bangor.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106325259&site=ehost-live. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659605281979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallroth, V. (2016). Men do care! A gender-aware and masculinity-informed contribution to caregiving scholarship. Linköping University.
   Google Scholar
• Weinland, J. A. (2009). The lived experience of informal African American male caregivers. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3(1), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988307305916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells, Y. D., & Johnson, T. M. (2001). Impact of parental divorce on willingness of young adults to provide care for parents in the future. Journal of Family Studies, 7(2), 160–170. https://doi.org/10.5172/jfs.7.2.160
   Google Scholar
• Wiles, J. L. (2002). Performative production of homes as places for care: Narrative experiences of people caring informally for seniors in Kingston. Queen’s University.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, K. L., Morrison, V., & Robinson, C. A. (2014). Exploring caregiving experiences: Caregiver coping and making sense of illness. Aging & Mental Health, 18(5), 600–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2013.860425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolfolk, A. (2013). Educational psychology. Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, N., & Wallhagen, M. I. (1997). The continuation of family caregiving in Japan. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38(2), 164–176. https://doi.org/10.2307/2955423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeo, G., UyenTran, J. N., Hikoyeda, N., & Hinton, L. (2002). Conceptions of dementia among Vietnamese American caregivers. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 36(1-2), 131–152. https://doi.org/10.1300/J083v36n01
   Google Scholar
• Zarzycki, M., & Morrison, V. (2021). Getting back or giving back: Understanding caregiver motivations and willingness to provide informal care. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 9(1), 636–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2021.1951737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., & Lee, D. T. F. (2019). Meaning in stroke family caregiving in China: A phenomenological study. Journal of Family Nursing, 25(2), 260–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840719841359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar