The use of quantitative and qualitative methods in the analysis of academic achievement among undergraduates in Jamaica

References

• Allen , D. , Benner , P. and Diekelmann , N. L. 1986 . “ Three paradigms for nursing research: Methodological implications ” . In Nursing research methodology: Issues and implementation , Edited by: Chinn , P. 23 – 38 . Rockville , MD : Aspen .
   Google Scholar
• Astin , A. W. 1996 . Involvement in learning revisited: Lessons we have learned . Journal of College Student Development , 37 ( 2 ) : 23 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benohel , Q. 1985 . Advancing nursing science: Qualitative approaches . Western Journal of Nursing Research , 6 ( 3 ) : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Bonoma , T. V. 1985 . Case research in marketing: Opportunities, problems, and a process . Journal of Marketing Research , 22 ( 2 ) : 199 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryman , A. 2007 . Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research . Journal of Mixed Methods , 1 ( 1 ) : 8 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns , N. and Grove , S. K. 1999 . Understanding nursing research , 2 , Philadelphia , PA : W.B. Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Burns , N. and Grove , S. K. 2001 . The practice of nursing research , Philadelphia , PA : W.B. Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Burrell , G. and Morgan , G. 1979 . Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis , London : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Carr , W. and Kemmis , S. 1986 . Becoming critical: Education, knowledge, and action research , London : The Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , D. E. 2000a . “ Quantitative research ” . In The research process in nursing , 4 , Edited by: Cormack , D. 29 – 40 . Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Cavaye , A. L.M. 1996 . Case study research: A multi-faceted research approach for IS . Information Systems Journal , 6 ( 3 ) : 227 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christians , C. G. 2000 . “ Ethics and politics in qualitative research ” . In Handbook of qualitative research , Edited by: Denzin , N. K. and Lincoln , Y. S. 133 – 56 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Civian, J.T., and R.T. Brennan. 1996. Student and course factors: Predicting satisfaction in undergraduate courses at Harvard University. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York, NY (ERIC Documentation Reproduction Service No. ED.394440)
   Google Scholar
• Creswell , J. , Plano Clark , V. L. , Gutmann , M. L. and Hanson , W. E. 2003 . “ Advanced mixed methods research designs ” . In Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research , Edited by: Tashakkori , A. and Teddlie , J. C. 209 – 24 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Donnan , P. T. 2000 . “ Experimental research ” . In The research process in nursing , 4 , Edited by: Cormack , D. 80 – 96 . Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Duffy , M. E. 1985 . Designing nursing research: The qualitative–quantitative debate . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 10 ( 3 ) : 225 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy , M. E. 1987 . Methodological triangulation: A vehicle for merging quantitative and qualitative methods . Image , 10 ( 3 ) : 130 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Entwistle , N. J. and Ramsden , P. 1983 . Understanding student learning , London : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Falconer, D.J., and D.R. Mackay. 1999. The key to the mixed methods dilemma. Paper presented the 10th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Brisbane, Australia
   Google Scholar
• Freshwater , D. , Cahill , J. , Walsh , E. and Muncey , T. 2010 . Qualitative research as evidence: Criteria for rigour and relevance . Journal of Research in Nursing , 15 ( 6 ) : 497 – 508 .
   Google Scholar
• Ford-Gilboe , M. , Campbell , J. and Bermann , H. 1995 . Stories and numbers: Coexistence without compromise . Advances in Nursing Science , 181 ( 1 ) : 14 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Gage , N. 1989 . The paradigm wars and their aftermath: A ‘historical’ sketch of research and teaching since 1989 . Educational Researcher , 18 ( 7 ) : 4 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Gillis , A. and Jackson , W. 2002 . “ Introduction to nursing research ” . In Research for nurses: Method and interpretation , Edited by: Gillis , A. and Jackson , W. 3 – 36 . Philadelphia , PA : F.A. Davis .
   Google Scholar
• Greene , J. C. and Carcacelli , V. J. 1997 . “ Defining and describing the paradigm issues in mixed-method evaluation ” . In Advances in mixed-method evaluation: The challenges and benefits of integrating diverse paradigms , Edited by: Greene , J. C. and Caracelli , V. J. 5 – 18 . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Guba, E.G. 1981. Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. Educational, Communication and Technology Journal 29, no. 2: 75–91
   Google Scholar
• Guba , E. G. and Lincoln , Y. S. 1981 . Effective evaluation , San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Guba , E. G. and Lincoln , Y. S. 1994 . “ Competing paradigms in qualitative research ” . In Handbook of qualitative research , Edited by: Denzin , N. K. and Lincoln , Y. S. 105 – 17 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Guba , E. G. and Lincoln , Y. S. 1998 . “ Competing paradigms in social research ” . In The landscape of qualitative research , Edited by: Denzin , N. K. and Lincoln , Y. S. 195 – 220 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Handa , S. and Gordon , P. J. 1999 . University admissions policy in a developing country: Evidence from the University of the West Indies . Economics of Education Review, Elsevier , 18 ( 2 ) : 279 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara, K. 1995. Quantitative and qualitative approaches in education. Education.FindArticles.com. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3673/is_n3_v115/ai_n28656082/ (accessed May 25, 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Hicks , C. 1998 . The randomised controlled trial: A critique . Nurse Researcher , 6 ( 1 ) : 19 – 32 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hughes , C. 2006 . Qualitative and quantitative approaches to social research. www2.warwick.ac.uk/…/chughes/hughesc…/quantitativequalitative/quantitativequalitative (accessed May 25, 2011)
   Google Scholar
• Jack , B. and Clarke , A. M. 1998 . The value of quantitative research in nursing . Professional Nurse , 13 ( 1 ) : 753 – 6 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• James , W. 1907/1995 . Pragmatism , NewYork : Dover .
   Google Scholar
• Johnes , J. 1992 . The potential effects of wider access to higher education on degree quality . Higher Education Quarterly , 46 ( 1 ) : 89 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R.B., K.M. Meeker, E.J. Loomis, and A.J. Onwuegbuzie. 2004. Development of the philosophical and methodological belief inventory. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , R. B. and Onwuegbuzie , A. J. 2004 . Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come . Educational Researcher , 33 ( 7 ) : 14 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , B. and Duchon , D. 1988 . Combining qualitative and quantitative methods in information systems research: A case study . MIS Quarterly , 12 ( 4 ) : 571 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn , T. S. 1970 . The structure of scientific revolutions , Chicago : Chicago University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Letourneau , N. and Allen , M. 1999 . Post-positivistic critical multiplism: A beginning dialogue . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 30 ( 3 ) : 623 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln , Y. and Guba , E. G. 1985 . “ Post positivism and the naturalist paradigm ” . In Naturalistic inquiry , Edited by: Lincoln , Y. S. and Guba , E. G. 14 – 46 . London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Maguire , P. 1987 . Doing participatory research: A feminist approach , Amherst , MA : Center for 1nternational Education, University of Massachusetts .
   Google Scholar
• McVicar , D. and McKee , B. 2002 . Part time working during post-compulsory education and examination performance: Help or hindrance? Scottish Journal of Political Economy 49, no. 4: 393–406
   Google Scholar
• Mill , J. E. , Allen , M. N. and Morrow , R. A. 2001 . Critical theory: Critical methodology to disciplinary foundations in nursing . Canadian Journal of Nursing Research , 33 ( 2 ) : 109 – 27 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mingers , J. 2001 . Combining IS research methods: Towards a pluralist methodology . Information Systems Research , 12 ( 3 ) : 240 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse , J. 1991 . Approaches to qualitative- quantitative methodological triangulation . Nursing Research , 40 ( 2 ) : 120 – 3 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse , J. M. and Field , P. A. 1995 . Qualitative research methods for health professions , 2 , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Morse , J. M. and Richards , L. 2002 . Readme first for a user's guide to qualitative methods , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Newell , R. 1994 . Defining variables and hypotheses . Nurse Researcher , 1 ( 4 ) : 37 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Onwuegbuzie , A. J. and Teddlie , C. 2003 . “ A framework for analyzing data in mixed methods research ” . In Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research , Edited by: Tashakkori , A. and Teddlie , C. 351 – 83 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Parahoo , K. 1997 . Nursing research: Principles, process, issues , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, D.C. 2004. Is mixed methods research an epistemological oxymoron? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA
   Google Scholar
• Proctor , S. 1998 . Linking philosophy and method in the research process: The case for realism . Nurse Researcher , 5 ( 4 ) : 73 – 90 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Polit , D. F. , Beck , C. T. and Hungler , B. P. 2001 . Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal and utilisation , 5 , Philadelphia , PA : Lippincott .
   Google Scholar
• Richardson , J. T. 1994 . Mature adults in higher education: Academic performance and intellectual ability . Higher Education , 28 ( 3 ) : 373 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , E. 1998 . Mass, continuing adult education: Three questions for Dearing . Higher Education Review , 29 ( 2 ) : 7 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Roe , B. 1994 . Is there a place for the experiment in nursing research? . Nurse Researcher , 1 ( 4 ) : 4 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Rolfe , G. 2006 . Validity, trustworthiness, and rigor: Quality and the idea of qualitative research . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 53 ( 3 ) : 304 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi , P. H. 1994 . “ The war between the quals and the quans: Is a lasting peace possible? ” . In The qualitative–quantitative debate: New perspectives , Edited by: Reichardt , C. , S.F. and Rallis . 23 – 36 . San Francisco , CA California : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Sandelowski , M. 2003 . “ Tables or tableaux? The challenges of writing and reading mixed methods studies ” . In Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research , Edited by: Tashakkori , A. and Teddlie , C. 297 – 317 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Shenton , A. K. 2004 . Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects . Education for Information , 22 ( 2 ) : 63 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Silverman , D. 2000 . Interpreting qualitative data: Methods for analysing talk, text and interaction , 2 , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , M. J. 1988 . Contemporary communication research methods , Belmont , CA : Wadsworth, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Solutes , J. F. 1990 . “ The ethics of qualitative research ” . In Qualitative inquiry in education , Edited by: Eisner , E. W. and Peshkin , A. 247 – 57 . New York : Teachers College, Columbia University .
   Google Scholar
• Tashakkori , A. and Creswell , J. W. 2007 . The new era of mixed methods: Editorial . Journal of Mixed Methods Research , 1 ( 3 ) : 3 – 7 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tashakkori, A., and C. Teddlie. 1998. Mixed methodology: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Applied Social Research Methods Series 46. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Tuckman , B. W. 1988 . Conducting educational research , 3 , San Diego , CA : Harcourt, Brace & Jovanich .
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , K. and Olson , J. K. 2006 . Understanding paradigms for nursing research . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 53 ( 4 ) : 459 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willingham , W. W. 1998 . Validity in college selection: Context and evidence , Princeton , NJ : Educational Testing Service .
   Google Scholar
• Wolming , S. 1999 . Validity issues in higher education selection: A Swedish example . Studies in Educational Evaluation , 25 ( 4 ) : 335 – 51 .
   Google Scholar