Behavioral intentions of heritage tourists: Influential variables on recommendations to visit

References

• Anwar, S. A., & Sohail, M. S. (2004). Festival tourism in the United Arab Emirates: First-time versus repeat visitor perceptions. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(2), 161–170.
   Google Scholar
• Assaker, G., Vinzi, V. E., & O’Connor, P. (2011). Examining the effect of novelty seeking, satisfaction, and destination image on tourists’ return pattern: A two factor, non-linear latent growth model. Tourism Management, 32(4), 890–901.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barros, C. P., & Assaf, A. G. (2012). Analyzing tourism return intention to an Urban destination. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 36(2), 216–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett, J., Kotrlik, J., & Higgins, C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657–681.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigné Alcañiz, E., Sánchez García, I., & Sanz Blas, S. (2009). The functional-psychological continuum in the cognitive image of a destination: A confirmatory analysis. Tourism Management, 30(5), 715–723.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigné, J. E., Sánchez, M. I., & Sánchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: Inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22(6), 607–616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonn, M. A., Joseph, S. M., & Dai, M. (2005). International versus domestic visitors: An examination of destination image perceptions. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 294–301.
   Google Scholar
• Bonn, M. A., Joseph-Mathews, S. M., Dai, M., Hayes, S., & Cave, J. (2007). Heritage/cultural attraction atmospherics: Creating the right environment for the heritage/cultural visitor. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 345–354.
   Google Scholar
• Boukas, N. (2012). “Young faces in old places”: perceptions of young cultural visitors for the archaeological site of Delphi. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 2(2), 164–189.
   Google Scholar
• Boyd, S. (2002). Cultural and heritage tourism in Canada: Opportunities, principles and challenges. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3(3), 211–233.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M. (1998). Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS and SIMPLIS: Basic concepts, applications and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhary, M. (2000). India's image as a tourist destination —a perspective of foreign tourists. Tourism Management, 21(3), 293–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. F., & Chen, F. S. (2010). Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31(1), 29–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. F., & Tsai, D. C. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28(4), 1115–1122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J. S., & Gursoy, D. (2001). An investigation of tourists’ destination loyalty and preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(2), 79–85.
   Google Scholar
• Chi, C. G. Q., & Qu, H. (2008). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach. Tourism Management, 29(4), 624–636.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), 371–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crown, W. H. (1998). Statistical models for the social and behavioral sciences: Multiple regression and limited-dependent variable models. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.
   Google Scholar
• De La Viña, L., & Ford, J. (2001). Logistic regression analysis of cruise vacation market potential: Demographic and trip attribute perception factors. Journal of Travel Research, 39(4), 406–410.
   Google Scholar
• De Rojas, C., & Camarero, C. (2008). Visitors’ experience, mood and satisfaction in a heritage context: Evidence from an interpretation center. Tourism Management, 29(3), 525–537.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Marino, E. (2008). The strategic dimension of destination image: An analysis of the French Riviera image from the Italian tourists’ perceptions. 17th international tourism and leisure Symposium, Barcelona (pp. 17–18).
   Google Scholar
• Di Pietro, L., Mugion, R. G., Mattia, G., & Renzi, M. F. (2015). Cultural heritage and consumer behaviour: A survey on Italian cultural visitors. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 5(1), 61–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Do Valle, P. O., Mendes, J., Guerreiro, M., & Silva, J. A. (2011). Can welcoming residents increase tourist satisfaction? Anatolia, 22(2), 260–277.
   Google Scholar
• Dolnicar, S., & Huybers, T. (2010). Different tourists - different perceptions of different cities consequences for destination image measurement and strategic destination marketing. In J. A. Mazanec & K. Wöber (Eds.), Analysing international city tourism (pp. 127–146). Vienna: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. Journal of Tourism Studies, 2(2), 2–12.
   Google Scholar
• Eusébio, C., & Vieira, A. L. (2013). Destination attributes’ evaluation, satisfaction and behavioural intentions: A structural modelling approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(1), 66–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fall. (2016). Ordinal regression. Retrieved from http://web.pdx.edu/∼newsomj/cdaclass/ho_ordinal%20regression.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. New Delhi: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frangos, C. C., Karapistolis, D., Stalidis, G., Constantinos, F., Sotiropoulos, I., & Manolopoulos, I. (2015). Tourist loyalty is all about prices, culture and the sun: A multinomial logistic regression of tourists visiting Athens. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 175, 32–38.
   Google Scholar
• Garrod, B., & Fyall, A. (2000). Managing heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 682–708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, B. P., & George, B. P. (2004). Past visits and the intention to revisit a destination: Place attachment as the mediator and novelty seeking as the moderator. Journal of Tourism Studies, 15(2), 51.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, H. J., Qi, C. X., & Zhang, J. J. (2008). Destination image and intent to visit China and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Journal of Sport Management, 22(4), 427–450.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govers, R., Go, F. M., & Kumar, K. (2007). Promoting tourism destination image. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1), 15–23.
   Google Scholar
• Greaves, N., & Skinner, H. (2010). The importance of destination image analysis to UK rural tourism. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 28(4), 486–507.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Hallmann, K., Zehrer, A., & Müller, S. (2015). Perceived destination image: An image model for a winter sports destination and its effect on intention to revisit. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 94–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpenny, E., Kono, S., & Moghimehfar, F. (2018). Predicting world heritage site visitation intentions of North American park visitors. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 417–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosany, S., Ekinci, Y., & Uysal, M. (2007). Destination image and destination personality. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1(1), 62–81.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, S., & Hsu, C. H. (2009). Effects of travel motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude on revisit intention. Journal of Travel Research, 48(1), 29–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, J. D. (1975). Image as a factor in tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 13(3), 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain, K., & Kumar, J. (2015). Destination Perception and loyalty: Exploring the difference between local and foreign tourists. Journal of Tourism, 16(2), 27–42.
   Google Scholar
• Jacoby, J., & Matell, M. S. (1971). Three-point Likert scales are good enough. Journal of Marketing Research, 8(4), 495–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalilvand, M. R., Salimipour, S., Elyasi, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2017). Factors influencing word of mouth behaviour in the restaurant industry. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 35(1), 81–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, S. C., & Feng, R. (2007). Temporal destination revisit intention: The effects of novelty seeking and satisfaction. Tourism Management, 28(2), 580–590.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karatepe, O. M., Yavas, U., & Babakus, E. (2005). Measuring service quality of banks: Scale development and validation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 12(5), 373–383.
   Google Scholar
• Kastenholz, E., Carneiro, M. J., & Eusébio, C. (2006). Studying visitor loyalty to rural tourist destinations. In M. Kozak & L. Andreu (Eds.), Progress in tourism marketing (pp. 239–253). Amsterdam: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-045040-7.50024-8
   Google Scholar
• Kastenholz, E., Eusébio, C., & Carneiro, M. J. (2013). Studying factors influencing repeat visitation of cultural tourists. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 19(4), 343–358.
   Google Scholar
• Kempiak, J., Hollywood, L., Bolan, P., & McMahon-Beattie, U. (2017). The heritage tourist: An understanding of the visitor experience at heritage attractions. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(4), 375–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M. J., Chelliah, S., & Ahmed, S. (2017). Factors influencing destination image and visit intention among young women travellers: Role of travel motivation, perceived risks, and travel constraints. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(11), 1139–1155.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivela, J. J., & Crotts, J. C. (2009). Understanding travelers’ experiences of gastronomy through etymology and narration. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33(2), 161–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko, E., Lee, S., & Whang, H. (2013). Authenticity in traditional culture marketing: Consumers’ perceptions of Korean traditional culture. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 4(2), 93–111.
   Google Scholar
• Kozak, M. (2001). Repeaters’ behavior at two distinct destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 784–807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger, M., Saayman, M., & Strydom, A. (2010). First-time versus repeat visitors: The Volksblad arts festival. ActaAcademica, 42(4), 91–121.
   Google Scholar
• Lau, A. L., & McKercher, B. (2004). Exploration versus acquisition: A comparison of first-time and repeat visitors. Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 279–285.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, T. H., Chang, P. S., & Luo, Y. W. (2016). Elucidating the relationships among destination images, recreation experience, and authenticity of the Shengxing heritage recreation area in Taiwan. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 11(4), 349–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., Cai, L. A., Lehto, X. Y., & Huang, J. Z. (2010). A missing link in understanding revisit intention-the role of motivation and image. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 27(4), 335–348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X. R., Cheng, C. K., Kim, H., & Petrick, J. F. (2008). A systematic comparison of first-time and repeat visitors via a two-phase online survey. Tourism Management, 29(2), 278–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, I.-F., & Schaeffer, N. C. (1995). Using survey participants to estimate the impact of nonparticipation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 59(2), 236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management. Tourism Management, 29(3), 458–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacCannell, D. (1973). Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. American Journal of Sociology, 79(3), 589–603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra, N., & Birks, D. (2007). Marketing research: An applied approach (3rd ed). London: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Mandala Research LLC. (2009). New study reveals popularity of US cultural and heritage travel. 4(1), 1–18. Retrieved from www.culturalheritagetourism.org/documents/CHTStudyOct2009.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McCartney, G. (2008). Does one culture all think the same? An investigation of destination image perceptions from several origins. Tourism Review, 63(4), 13–26.
   Google Scholar
• McDowell, S., & Ma, E. (2010). An analysis of tourists’ evaluation of Bangkok's performance, their satisfaction, and destination loyalty: Comparing international versus domestic Thai tourists. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 11(4), 260–282.
   Google Scholar
• McNulty, R., & Koff, R. (2014). Cultural heritage tourism, Partners for livable communities. Retrieved from http://livable.org/storage/documents/reports/CBC/culturalheritagetourism.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mechinda, P., Serirat, S., & Gulid, N. (2009). An examination of tourists’ attitudinal and behavioral loyalty: Comparison between domestic and international tourists. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(2), 129–148.
   Google Scholar
• Misiura, S. (2006). Heritage marketing. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, T. H. H., & Cheung, C. (2014). The classification of heritage tourists: A case of Hue city, Vietnam. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 9(1), 35–50.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Nuryanti, W. (1996). Heritage and postmodern tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 249–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, H. (2000). Diners’ perceptions of quality, value, and satisfaction: A practical viewpoint. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41(3), 58–66.
   Google Scholar
• Oh, H., & Parks, S. C. (1997). Customer satisfaction and service quality: A critical review of the literature and research implications for the hospitality industry. Hospitality Research Journal, 20, 35–64.
   Google Scholar
• Oppermann, M. (1999). Predicting destination choice - A discussion of destination loyalty. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 5(1), 51–65.
   Google Scholar
• Ozturk, A. B., & Qu, H. (2008). The impact of destination images on tourists’ perceived value, expectations, and loyalty. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 9(4), 275–297.
   Google Scholar
• Patyal, V. S., & Koilakuntla, M. (2015). Infrastructure and core quality practices in Indian manufacturing organizations: Scale development and validation. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 12(2), 141–175.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrick, J. F. (2004). First timers’ and repeaters’ perceived value. Journal of Travel Research, 43(1), 29–38.
   Google Scholar
• Petrick, J. F., Morais, D. D., & Norman, W. C. (2001). An examination of the determinants of entertainment vacationers’ intentions to revisit. Journal of Travel Research, 40(1), 41–48.
   Google Scholar
• Pike, S. (2002). Destination image analysis: A review of 142 papers from 1973 to 2000. Tourism Management, 23(5), 541–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Punjab Tourism. (2017). Statistics surveys. Retrieved from http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/StatisticsSurveys
   Google Scholar
• Punjab Tourism. (2018). Discover Punjab with the world’s leading travel expert. Retrieved from http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Downloads/punjabbooklonelyplanet.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Qu, H., Kim, L. H., & Im, H. H. (2011). A model of destination branding: Integrating the concepts of the branding and destination image. Tourism Management, 32(3), 465–476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajaratnam, S. D., Nair, V., Pahlevan Sharif, S., & Munikrishnan, U. T. (2015). Destination quality and tourists’ behavioural intentions: Rural tourist destinations in Malaysia. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 7(5), 463–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramkissoon, H., Uysal, M., & Brown, K. (2011). Relationship between destination image and behavioral intentions of tourists to consume cultural attractions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 20(5), 575–595.
   Google Scholar
• Ramseook-Munhurrun, P., Seebaluck, V. N., & Naidoo, P. (2015). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction and loyalty: Case of Mauritius. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 175(230), 252–259.
   Google Scholar
• Reichheld, F. F., & Sasser, J. W. (1990). Zero defections: Quality comes to services. Harvard Business Review, 68(5), 105–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeedi, H., & Heidarzadeh Hanzaee, K. (2018). The effects of heritage image on destination branding: An Iranian perspective. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(2), 152–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salkind, N. J., & Rainwater, T. (2003). Exploring research. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Sarfo, F. K., Amankwah, F., & Konin, D. (2017). Computer self-efficacy among senior high school teachers in Ghana and the functionality of demographic variables on their computer self-efficacy. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 16(1), 19–31.
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez-García, I., Pieters, R., Zeelenberg, M., & Bigné, E. (2012). When satisfied consumers do not return: Variety seeking's effect on short-and long-term intentions. Psychology & Marketing, 29(1), 15–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, P., & Nayak, J. K. (2019). Do tourists’ emotional experiences influence images and intentions in yoga tourism? Tourism Review, 74(3), 646–665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoemaker, S., & Lewis, R. C. (1999). Customer loyalty: The future of hospitality marketing. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18(4), 345–370.
   Google Scholar
• Simeon, M. I., Buonincontri, P., Cinquegrani, F., & Martone, A. (2017). Exploring tourists’ cultural experiences in Naples through online reviews. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 8(2), 220–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, H., & Hsu, C. H. (2013). The image of Taiwan as a travel destination: Perspectives from Mainland China. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(3), 253–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, L., Hsu, M. K., & Swanson, S. (2017). The effect of tourist relationship perception on destination loyalty at a world heritage site in China: The mediating role of overall destination satisfaction and trust. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(2), 180–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talib, F., Rahman, Z., & Qureshi, M. N. (2013). An empirical investigation of relationship between total quality management practices and quality performance in Indian service companies. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 30(3), 280–318.
   Google Scholar
• Taris, T. W., & Schreurs, P. J. G. (2007). How may nonresponse affect findings in organizational surveys? The tendency-to-the-positive effect. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(3), 249–259.
   Google Scholar
• Tasci, A. D., & Boylu, Y. (2010). Cultural comparison of tourists’ safety perception in relation to trip satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(2), 179–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timothy, D. J. (2011). Cultural heritage and tourism: An introduction. Bristol: Channel View.
   Google Scholar
• Torabian, P., & Arai, S. M. (2016). Tourist perceptions of souvenir authenticity: An exploration of selective tourist blogs. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(7), 697–712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi, G., Choudhary, H., & Agrawal, M. (2010). What do the tourists want? The case of the Golden Temple, Amritsar. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 2(5), 494–506.
   Google Scholar
• Vargas-Hernández, J. G. (2012). Sustainable cultural and heritage tourism in regional development of Southern Jalisco. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 8(2/3), 146–161.
   Google Scholar
• Vong, L. T. N., & Ung, A. (2012). Exploring critical factors of Macau’s heritage tourism: What heritage tourists are looking for when visiting the city’s iconic heritage sites. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 17(3), 231–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 349–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. J., Wu, C., & Yuan, J. (2010). Exploring visitors’ experiences and intention to revisit a heritage destination: The case for Lukang, Taiwan. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 11(3), 162–178.
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2001). Cultural heritage and tourism development. Retrieved from http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284404841
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2015). Global report on cultural routes and itineraries. Madrid: UNWTO. Retrieved from http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/global_report_cultural_routes_itineraries_v13.compressed_0.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2018). Tourism and culture synergies. Madrid: UNWTO. Retrieved from https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284418978
   Google Scholar
• Yi, X., Lin, V. S., Jin, W., & Luo, Q. (2017). The authenticity of heritage sites, tourists’ quest for existential authenticity, and destination loyalty. Journal of Travel Research, 56(8), 1032–1048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar