References
- Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88–115. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.3997508
- Auschwitz Memorial [@AuschwitzMusem]. (2019, March 20). When you come to @AuschwitzMuseum remember you are at the site where over 1 million people were killed. Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/AuschwitzMuseum/status/1108337507660451841
- Bakota, D., Machowski, R., Plominski, A., Ramanchuk, A., Rzetala, M., & Zastavetska, L. (2020). The disaster as a factor in the development of modern tourism. A study case based on the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 7(47), 1729–1741. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v11.7(47).14
- Bell, C., & Lyall, J. (2005). ‘‘I was here”: Pixilated evidence. In D. Crouch, R. Jackson, & F. Thompson (Eds.), The media & the tourist imagination: converging cultures (pp. 135–142). Routledge.
- Bishara, H. (2020, December 15). Ukraine wants to designate Chernobyl a UNESCO world heritage site. Hyperallergic. Retrieved from: https://hyperallergic.com/608912/ukraine-wants-to-designate-chernobyl-a-unesco-world-heritage-site/
- Boechat, Y. (2023, February 2). Ukrainians say they fear Russians might attack Chernobyl once again. Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/a/ukrainians-say-they-fear-russians-might-attack-chernobyl-once-again/6944603.html
- Bowler, G. M. (2014). Netnography: A method specifically designed to study cultures and communities online. The Qualitative Report, 15(5), 1270–1275. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2010.1341
- Canavan, B. (2017). Narcissism normalisation: Tourism influences and sustainability implications. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(9), 1322–1337. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1263309
- Christou, P., Farmaki, P., Saveriades, A., & Georgiou, M. (2020). Travel selfies on social networks, narcissism and the “attraction-shading effect”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 289–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.01.014
- Collins-Kreiner, N. (2015). Dark tourism as/is pilgrimage. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(12), 1185–1189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1078299
- Davis, D. (2011). Benefits and challenges of conducting multiple methods research in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(3), 467–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-010-0204-7
- Dinholp, A., & Gretzel, U. (2016). Selfie-taking as touristic looking. Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.12.015
- Duda, A. (2023). Tourist photography and heritage. The case of the abandoned city of Pripyat. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 18(3), 384–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873x.2022.2161907
- Facebook. (2021, May 22). #Chernobyl. Facebook, Inc. Retrieved from: https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/chernobyl
- Faiola, A. (2017, January 29). Berlin’s Holocaust memorial is ‘not a place for fun selfies.’ The Washington Post. Retrieved from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/berlins-holocaust-memorial-is-not-a-place-for-fun-selfies/2017/01/27/2e5b6324-e1ac-11e6-a419-eefe8eff0835_story.html
- Foley, M., & Lennon, J. J. (1996). JFK and dark tourism: A fascination with assassination. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4), 198–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722175
- Fukui, M. (2015, April 22). What does the rise of ‘dark tourism’ mean? ABC RN. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/earshot/the-trouble-with-dark-tourism/6412726
- Gambetti, R. C., & Kozinets, R. V. (2022). New trends in qualitative research. New Trends in Qualitative Research. https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.10.2022.e519
- Gorskaya, D. (2021, April 25). “В ночь аварии я голыми руками снимала форму с пожарных, доставленных с ЧАЭС. Теперь у меня нет отпечатков пальцев”. News of Ukraine. Retrieved from: https://ukrainenews.fakty.ua/ru/374446-v-noch-avarii-ya-golymi-rukami-snimala-formu-s-pozharnyh-dostavlennyh-s-chaes-teper-u-menya-net-otpechatkov-palcev?fbclid=IwAR1Op8gcbEie520KthFpB5yjW7v_oF-LKQgh1wYk5CIZzBmWHCFZGpt3FQY
- Gretzel, U. (2017). #travelselfie: A netnographic study of travel identity communicated via Instagram. Performing Cultural Tourism: Communities, Tourists and Creative Practices, 115–127. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315174464-8
- Guy, J. (2019, June 12). ‘Chernobyl’ producer calls on tourists to respect ‘terrible tragedy” when taking photos. CNN. Retrieved from: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/chernobyl-tourism-respect-scli-intl/index.html
- Heidelberg, W. (2015). Managing ghosts: Exploring local government involvement in dark tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(1), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2014.953538
- Hodalska, M. (2017). Selfies at horror sites: Dark tourism, ghoulish souvenirs and digital narcissism. Zeszyty Prasoznawcze, 60(2), 405–423. https://doi.org/10.4467/22996362PZ.17.026.7306
- Hovi, T. (2011). Synkkä turismi. Sananjalka, 53(1), 181–195. https://doi.org/10.30673/sja.86710
- Hryhorczuk, N. (2013). Radioactive heritage: An autoethnographic investigation of Chernobyl as a dark heritage site (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/46781
- Iliev, D. (2021). Consumption, motivation and experience in dark tourism: A conceptual and critical analysis. Tourism Geographies, 23(5-6), 963–984. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1722215
- International Atomic Energy Agency. (2002). The Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident - A Strategy for Recovery. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/strategy_for_recovery.pdf
- Isaac, R. K. (2021). Editorial special issue in Dark Tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 16(4), 363–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2021.1920963
- Jang, K., Sakamoto, K., & Funck, C. (2021). Dark tourism as educational tourism: The case of ‘hope tourism’ in Fukushima, Japan. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 16(4), 481–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2020.1858088
- Kim, S., & Butler, G. (2015). Local community perspectives towards dark tourism development: The case of Snowtown, South Australia. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 13(1), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2014.918621
- Korstanje, M. (2016). The rise of death-seekers: Commoditizing death. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 14(1), 73–86.
- Kozinets, R. V. (2015). Netnography redefined (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
- Kozinets, R. V., Dolbec, P-Y., & Earley A. (2014). Netnographic analysis: Understanding culture through social media. In U. Flick (Ed.), Handbook of qualitative data analysis (pp. 262–275). Sage.
- Krisjanous, J. (2016). An exploratory multimodal discourse analysis of dark tourism websites: Communicating issues around contested sites. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(4), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/jdmm.2016.07.005
- Lawther, C. (2017, September 20). Dark tourism can be voyeuristic and exploitative – or if handled correctly, do a world of good. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/dark-tourism-can-be-voyeuristic-and-exploitative-or-if-handled-correctly-do-a-world-of-good-81504
- Lennon, J. J. (2017). Dark tourism sites: Visualization, evidence and visitation. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 9(2), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-09-2016-0042
- Leshem, A. (2018). Guiding the dark and secondary trauma syndrome: Tour guides’ coping mechanisms for guiding in dark tourism sites. Journal of Tourismology, 4(2), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2018.4.2.0013
- Lo, I. S., & McKercher, B. (2015). Ideal image in process: Online tourist photography and impression management. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 104–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.02.019
- Lock, S. (2019, June 14). NO RESPECT Instagram influencers slammed for taking sick sexy selfies in Chernobyl nuclear death zone in desperate bid for ‘likes. The Sun. Retrieved from: https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/9276402/chernobyl-instagram- influencer-selfies-nuclear-zone/
- Maitland, N., & Lynch, J. (2020). Security and privacy from a legal, ethical, and technical perspective. Journal of Internet Law, 11(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90906
- Martini, A., & Buda, D. A. (2020). Dark tourism and affect: Framing places of death and disaster. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(1), 679–692. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1518972
- Munar, A. M., & Steen Jacobsen, J. K. (2013). Trust and involvement in tourism social media and web-based travel information sources. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 13(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2013.764511
- National Trust for Historic Presentation. (2010). Cultural heritage tourism. U. S. Travel Association. Retrieved from: https://ctmainstreet.org/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2010/09/C-2010-CHT-FactSheet.pdf
- Navickiene, R., Meiste, R., & Zaleckaite, E. (2020). Assessment of dark tourism awareness in YouTube social network. Социално-икономически анализи, 17(1), 97–103.
- Pan, J. (2019, November 28). Experience economy trend in 2021: Challenges & secret weapons. Landbot. Retrieved from: https://landbot.io/blog/online-business-challenges-in-experience-economy/
- Parente, F. M., Hancke, J. O., Ryabicheva, O., & Baumhauer, T. (2019). Branding destinations through popular culture: A case study of HBO’s Chernobyl series. Lund University Campus Helsingborg- Brand communication SKOP15-GROUP, B8, 1–17.
- Potter, N. (2021, January 27). Selfies in Auschwitz-der holocaust auf social media. Bell Tower News. Retrieved from: https://www.belltower.news/selfies-in-auschwitz-der-holocaust-auf-social-media-110735/
- Romanova, A. A. (2018). Tours to the Chernobyl zone as a phenomenon of dark tourism development. Journl of Belarus State University Economics Department, 1, 162–168.
- Rush-Cooper, N. (2019). Nuclear landscape: Tourism, embodiment and exposure in the Chernobyl Zone. Cultural Geographies, 27(2), 217–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474019876616
- Salzmann-Erikson, M., & Eriksson, H. (2012). LiLEDDA: A six step forum-based netnographic research method for nursing science. Aporia, 4(4), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.18192/aporia.v4i4.2903
- Samuels, R. (2019, November 4). Opinion-dark tourism shouldn’t be used for social media clout. The Pitt News. Retrieved from: https://pittnews.com/article/152229/opinions/opinion-dark-tourism-shouldnt-be-used-for-social-media-clout/
- Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students (Vol. 6). Pearson Education Limited.
- Seaton, A. V. (1996). Guided by the dark: From thantopis to thanatourism. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2(4), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722178
- Seaton, T. (2009). Purposeful otherness: Approaches to the management of thanatourism. In R. Sharpley & P. R Stone (Eds.), The darker side of travel: The theory and practice of dark tourism (pp. 75–108). Channel View.
- Sharma, N. (2020) Dark tourism and moral disengagement in liminal spaces. Tourism Geographies, 22(2), 273–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1713877
- Sigala, M. (2018, January 10). #Metourism: The hidden costs of selfie tourism. The Conversation. Retrieved from: https://theconversation.com/metourism-the-hidden-costs-of-selfie-tourism-87865
- Sigala, M., & Steriopoulos, E. (2021). Does emotional engagement matter in dark tourism? Implications drawn from a reflective approach. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 16(4), 412–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2020.1851697
- Sotiriadis, M. D. (2016). Sharing tourism experiences in social media: A literature review and a set of suggested business strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 179–225. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2016-0300
- Statista Research Department. (2021, April 26). Number of tourists visiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in Ukraine from 2017 to 2020. Statista. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1231428/number-of-tourists-in-chernobyl-exclusion-zone/
- Tankovska, T. (2021, February 9). Most popular social networks worldwide as of January 2021, ranked by number of active users (in millions). Statista. Retrieved from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number- of-users/
- The Nuclear Energy Institute. (2019, May). Chernobyl accident and its consequences. Fact Sheets. Retrieved from: https://www.nei.org/resources/fact-sheets/chernobyl-accident-and-its-consequences#:∼:text=Key%20Facts,design%2C%20combined%20with%20human%20error
- Wight, C. (2020). Visitor perceptions of European Holocaust heritage: A social media analysis. Tourism Management, 81, 104142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104142
- Wight, C., & Stanley, F. (2022). Holocaust heritage digilantism on Instagram. Tourism Recreation Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2022.2153994
- Yankovska, G., & Hannam, K. (2014). Dark and toxic tourism in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10), 929–939. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.820260