Publication Cover
The Journal of Positive Psychology
Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice
Volume 10, 2015 - Issue 6
4,623
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Looking for happiness in all the wrong places: The moderating role of gratitude and affect in the materialism–life satisfaction relationship

, &
Pages 489-498 | Received 03 Jun 2014, Accepted 02 Dec 2014, Published online: 29 Jan 2015

References

  • Abbe, A., Tkach, C., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2003). The art of living by dispositionally happy people. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 385–404. doi:10.1023/B:JOHS.0000005769.54611.3c
  • Algoe, S. B., Haidt, J., & Gable, S. L. (2008). Beyond reciprocity: Gratitude and relationships in everyday life. Emotion, 8, 425–429. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.425
  • Baron, R. A. (1984). Reducing organizational conflict: An incompatible response approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 272–279.10.1037/0021-9010.69.2.272
  • Bartlett, M. Y., & DeSteno, D. (2006). Gratitude and prosocial behavior: Helping when it costs you. Psychological Science, 17, 319–325. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01705.x
  • Bauer, M. A., Wilkie, J. E. B., Kim, J. K., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2012). Cuing consumerism: Situational materialism undermines personal and social well-being. Psychological Science, 23, 517–523. doi:10.1177/0956797611429579
  • Braun, O. L., & Wicklund, R. A. (1989). Psychological antecedents of conspicuous consumption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 10, 161–187. doi:10.1016/0167-4870(89)90018-4
  • Buckley, K. E., Winkel, R. E., & Leary, M. R. (2004). Reactions to acceptance and rejection: Effects of level and sequence of relational evaluation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 14–28. doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00064-7
  • Burroughs, J. E., & Rindfleisch, A. (2002). Materialism and well‐being: A conflicting values perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 29, 348–370.10.1086/jcr.2002.29.issue-3
  • Buschor, C., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2013). Self- and peer-rated character strengths: How do they relate to satisfaction with life and orientations to happiness? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8, 116–127. doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.758305
  • Chang, L., & Arkin, R. M. (2002). Materialism as an attempt to cope with uncertainty. Psychology & Marketing, 19, 389–406. doi:10.1002/mar.10016
  • Christopher, A. N., Drummond, K., Jones, J. R., Marek, P., & Therriault, K. M. (2006). Beliefs about one’s own death, personal insecurity, and materialism. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 441–451. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.09.017
  • Christopher, A. N., Saliba, L., & Deadmarsh, E. J. (2009). Materialism and well-being: The mediating effect of locus of control. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 682–686. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.003
  • Christopher, A. N., & Schlenker, B. R. (2004). Materialism and affect: The role of self-presentational concerns. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 260–272. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.2.260.31022
  • Christopher, A. N., Kuo, S. V., Abraham, K. M., Noel, L. W., & Linz, H. E. (2004). Materialism and affective well-being: The role of social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 463–470.10.1016/j.paid.2003.09.015
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34–43. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., & Oishi, S. (2009). New measures of well-being. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener (pp. 247–266). New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_12
  • Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302, 290–292. doi:10.1126/science.1089134
  • Ellsworth, P. C., & Smith, C. A. (1988). Shades of joy: Patterns of appraisal differentiating pleasant emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 2, 301–331. doi:10.1080/02699938808412702
  • Emmons, R. A., & Crumpler, C. A. (2000). Gratitude as a human strength: Appraising the evidence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 56–69.10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.56
  • Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377–389.10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377
  • Emmons, R. A., & Shelton, C. M. (2002). Gratitude and the science of positive psychology. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 459–471). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 365–376. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.365
  • Froh, J. J., Emmons, R. A., Card, N. A., Bono, G., & Wilson, J. A. (2011). Gratitude and the reduced costs of materialism in adolescents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 289–302. doi:10.1007/s10902-010-9195-9
  • Froh, J. J., Kashdan, T. B., Ozimkowski, K. M., & Miller, N. (2009). Who benefits the most from a gratitude intervention in children and adolescents? Examining positive affect as a moderator. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 408–422. doi:10.1080/17439760902992464
  • Hill, P. L., & Allemand, M. (2011). Gratitude, forgivingness, and well-being in adulthood: Tests of moderation and incremental prediction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6, 397–407. doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.602099
  • Kashdan, T. B., Uswatte, G., & Julian, T. (2006). Gratitude and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in Vietnam war veterans. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 177–199. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.01.005
  • Kasser, T. (2002). The high price of materialism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 410–422. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.410
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 280–287. doi:10.1177/0146167296223006
  • Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Be careful what you wish for: Optimal functioning and the relative attainment of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. In P. Schmuck & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Life goals and well-being: Toward a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 116–131). Ashland, OH: Hogrefe & Huber.
  • Kasser, T., & Sheldon, K. M. (2000). Of wealth and death: Materialism, mortality salience, and consumption behavior. Psychological Science, 11, 348–351. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00269
  • Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Stillman, T. F., & Dean, L. R. (2009). More gratitude, less materialism: The mediating role of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 32–42. doi:10.1080/17439760802216311
  • Lambert, N. M., Graham, S. M., & Fincham, F. D. (2009). A prototype analysis of gratitude: Varieties of gratitude experiences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1193–1207. doi:10.1177/0146167209338071
  • McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127.10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112
  • McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Is gratitude a moral affect? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 249–266.10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.249
  • Mor, N., Doane, L. D., Adam, E. K., Mineka, S., Zinbarg, R. E., Griffith, J., & Craske, M. (2010). Within-person variations in self-focused attention and negative affect in depression and anxiety: A diary study. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 48–62. doi:10.1080/02699930802499715
  • Mueller, A., Mitchell, J. E., Peterson, L. A., Faber, R. J., Steffen, K. J., Crosby, R. D., & Claes, L. (2011). Depression, materialism, and excessive internet use in relation to compulsive buying. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52, 420–424. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.09.001
  • Otero-López, J. M., Pol, E. V., Bolaño, C. C., & Mariño, M. J. S. (2011). Materialism, life-satisfaction and addictive buying: Examining the causal relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 772–776. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.027
  • Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 603–619. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748
  • Pieters, R. (2013). Bidirectional dynamics of materialism and loneliness: Not just a vicious cycle. Journal of Consumer Research, 40, 615–631.10.1086/671564
  • Polak, E. L., & McCullough, M. E. (2006). Is gratitude an alternative to materialism? Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 343–360. doi:10.1007/s10902-005-3649-5
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 36, 717–731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553
  • Richins, M. L. (2013). When wanting is better than having: Materialism, transformation expectations, and product-evoked emotions in the purchase process. Journal of Consumer Research, 40, 1–18.10.1086/669256
  • Richins, M. L., & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 303–316. doi:10.1086/209304
  • Roberts, J. A. (2011). Shiny objects: Why we spend money we don’t have in search of happiness we can’t buy. New York, NY: HarperOne.
  • Roberts, J. A., & Clement, A. (2007). Materialism and satisfaction with over-all quality of life and eight life domains. Social Indicators Research, 82, 79–92. doi:10.1007/s11205-006-9015-0
  • Roberts, J. A., Pirog, S. F., III. (2004). Personal goals and their role in consumer behavior: The case of compulsive buying. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 12, 61–73.
  • Ryan, L., & Dziurawiec, S. (2001). Materialism and its relationship to life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 55, 185–197. doi:10.1023/A:1011002123169
  • Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410–421. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
  • Sirgy, M. J., Gurel-Atay, E., Webb, D., Cicic, M., Husic, M., Ekici, A., … Herrmann, A. (2012). Linking advertising, materialism, and life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 107, 79–101. doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9829-2
  • Solberg, E. G., Diener, E., & Robinson, M. D. (2004). Why are materialists less satisfied? In T. Kasser & A. D. Kanner (Eds.), Psychology and consumer culture: The struggle for a good life in a materialistic world (pp. 29–48). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10658-003
  • Toepfer, S. M., Cichy, K., & Peters, P. (2012). Letters of gratitude: Further evidence for author benefits. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 187–201. doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9257-7
  • Tsang, J. (2006). Brief report: Gratitude and prosocial behaviour: An experimental test of gratitude. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 138–148. doi:10.1080/02699930500172341
  • Tsang, J. (2007). Gratitude for small and large favors: A behavioral test. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 157–167. doi:10.1080/17439760701229019
  • Tsang, J., Carpenter, T. P., Roberts, J. A., Frisch, M. B., & Carlisle, R. D. (2014). Why are materialists less happy? The role of gratitude and need satisfaction in the relationship between materialism and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 62–66.10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.009
  • Watkins, P. C. (2014). Gratitude and the good life. New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7253-3
  • Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 31, 431–451. doi:10.2224/sbp.2003.31.5.431
  • Weiner, B., Russell, D., & Lerman, D. (1978). Affective consequences of causal ascriptions. In J. H. Harvey, W. J. Ickes, & R. F. Kidd (Eds.), New directions in attribution research (Vol. 2, pp. 1211–1220). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Williams, K. D., Cheung, C. K. T., & Choi, W. (2000). Cyberostracism: Effects of being ignored over the Internet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 748–762. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.748
  • Wood, A. M., Froh, J. J., & Geraghty, A. W. A. (2010). Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 890–905. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.005
  • Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2008). Gratitude uniquely predicts satisfaction with life: Incremental validity above the domains and facets of the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.02.019
  • Zhao, X., Lynch Jr., J. G. J., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37, 197–206. doi:10.1086/651257

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.