Publication Cover
The Journal of Positive Psychology
Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice
Volume 11, 2016 - Issue 6
2,228
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A differentiated approach to the link between positive emotion, motivation, and eudaimonic well-being

, &
Pages 595-608 | Received 20 Feb 2015, Accepted 05 Jan 2016, Published online: 11 Mar 2016

References

  • Abbott, R. A., Ploubidis, G. B., Huppert, F. A., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M. E. J., & Croudace, T. J. (2006). Psychometric evaluation and predictive validity of Ryff’s psychological well-being items in a UK birth cohort sample of women. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 4. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-76.
  • Algoe, S. B. (2012). Find, remind, and bind: The functions of gratitude in everyday relationships. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 455–469. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00439.x.
  • Algoe, S. B., Gable, S. L., & Maisel, N. C. (2010). It’s the little things: Everyday gratitude as a booster shot for romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 17, 217–233. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01273.x.
  • Algoe, S. B., & Haidt, J. (2009). Witnessing excellence in action: The ‘other-praising’ emotions of elevation, gratitude, and admiration. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 105–127. doi:10.1080/17439760802650519.
  • Algoe, S. B., Haidt, J., & Gable, S. L. (2008). Beyond reciprocity: Gratitude and relationships in everyday life. Emotion, 8, 425–429. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.425.
  • Aspden, T., Ingledew, D. K., & Parkinson, J. A. (2012). Motives and health-related behaviour: Incremental prediction by implicit motives. Psychology & Health, 27, 51–71. doi:10.1080/08870446.2010.541911.
  • Augusto-Landa, J. M., Pulido-Martos, M., & Lopez-Zafra, E. (2011). Does perceived emotional intelligence and optimism/pessimism predict psychological well-being? Journal of Happiness Studies, 12, 463–474. doi:10.1007/s10902-010-9209-7.
  • Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existence: An essay on psychology and religion. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally & Company. doi:10.1086/224499.
  • Bartlett, M. Y., Condon, P., Cruz, J., Baumann, J., & Desteno, D. (2012). Gratitude: Prompting behaviours that build relationships. Cognition & Emotion, 26, 2–13. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.561297.
  • Batson, C. D., Fultz, J., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1987). Distress and empathy: Two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. Journal of Personality, 55, 19–39. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00426.x.
  • Bauer, J. J., & McAdams, D. P. (2010). Eudaimonic growth: Narrative growth goals predict increases in ego development and subjective well-being 3 years later. Developmental Psychology, 46, 761–772. doi:10.1037/a0019654.
  • Blackburn, R., Renwick, S. J. D., Donnelly, J. P., & Logan, C. (2004). Big five or big two? Superordinate factors in the NEO five factor inventory and the antisocial personality questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 957–970. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.017.
  • Burns, R. A., & Machin, M. A. (2009). Investigating the structural validity of Ryff’s psychological well-being scales across two samples. Social Indicators Research, 93, 359–375. doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9329-1.
  • Burns, R. A., & Machin, M. A. (2012). Moving beyond the pleasure principle: Within and between-occasion effects of employee eudaimonia within a school organizational climate context. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 118–128. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.04.007.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
  • Canevello, A., & Crocker, J. (2011). Creating good relationships: Responsiveness, relationship quality, and interpersonal goals. Journal of Personality, 99, 78–106. doi:10.1037/a0018186.
  • Carver, C. S., Sinclair, S., & Johnson, S. L. (2010). Authentic and hubristic pride: Differential relations to aspects of goal regulation, affect, and self-control. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 698–703. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.09.004.
  • Cheng, J. T., Tracy, J. L., & Henrich, J. (2010). Pride, personality, and the evolutionary foundations of human social status. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 334–347. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.02.004.
  • Clasen, P. C., Fisher, A. J., & Beevers, C. G. (2015). Mood-reactive self-esteem and depression vulnerability: Person-specific symptom dynamics via smart phone assessment. PLoS ONE, 10(7), 1–16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129774.
  • Condon, P., & DeSteno, D. (2011). Compassion for one reduces punishment for another. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 698–701. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.11.016.
  • Condon, P., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2013). Conceptualizing and experiencing compassion. Emotion, 13, 817–821. doi:10.1037/a0033747.
  • de Rivera, J., & Grinkis, C. (1986). Emotions as social relationships. Motivation and Emotion, 10, 351–369. doi:10.1007/BF00992109.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.
  • Digman, J. M. (1997). Higher-order factors of the big five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1246–1256. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1138.
  • Ellsworth, P., & Scherer, K. (2003). Appraisal processes in emotion. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 572–595). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377–389. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300–319. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300.
  • Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226.10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought–action repertoires. Cognition & Emotion, 19, 313–332. doi:10.1080/02699930441000238.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Coffey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1045–1062. doi:10.1037/a0013262.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13, 172–175. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00431.
  • Froh, J. J., Kashdan, T. B., Ozimkowski, K. M., & Miller, N. (2009). Who benefits the most from a gratitude intervention in children and adolescents? Examining positive affect as a moderator. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 408–422. doi:10.1080/17439760902992464.
  • Fultz, J., Schaller, M., & Cialdini, R. B. (1988). Empathy, sadness, and distress: Three related but distinct vicarious affective responses to another’s suffering. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 312–325. doi:10.1177/0146167288142009.
  • Gable, P., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2010). The motivational dimensional model of affect: Implications for breadth of attention, memory, and cognitive categorisation. Cognition & Emotion, 24, 322–337. doi:10.1080/02699930903378305.
  • Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. (2009). Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 548–556. doi:10.1080/17439760903157166.
  • Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Preacher, K. J. (2009). The hierarchical structure of well-being. Journal of Personality, 77, 1025–1050. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00573.x.
  • Garland, E. L., Fredrickson, B., Kring, A. M., Johnson, D. P., Meyer, P. S., & Penn, D. L. (2010). Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: Insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 849–864. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.002.
  • Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 351–374. doi:10.1037/a0018807.
  • Griskevicius, V., Shiota, M. N., & Neufeld, S. L. (2010). Influence of different positive emotions on persuasion processing: A functional evolutionary approach. Emotion, 10, 190–206. doi:10.1037/a0018421.
  • Grossbaum, M. F., & Bates, G. W. (2002). Correlates of psychological well-being at midlife: The role of generativity, agency and communion, and narrative themes. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 120–127. doi:10.1080/01650250042000654.
  • Gruber, J., Mauss, I. B., & Tamir, M. (2011). A dark side of happiness? How, when, and why happiness is not always good. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 222–233. doi:10.1177/1745691611406927.
  • Hagemeyer, B., & Neyer, F. J. (2012). Assessing implicit motivational orientations in couple relationships: The partner-related agency and communion test (PACT). Psychological Assessment, 24, 114–128. doi:10.1037/a0024822.
  • Haidt, J. (2003). Elevation and the positive psychology of morality. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 275–289). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.10.1037/10594-000
  • Helgeson, V. S. (1994). Relation of agency and communion to well-being: Evidence and potential explanations. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 412–428. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.412.
  • Helgeson, V. S., & Fritz, H. L. (1999). Unmitigated agency and unmitigated communion: Distinctions from agency and communion. Journal of Research in Personality, 33, 131–158. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1999.2241.
  • Helgeson, V. S., & Fritz, H. L. (2000). The implications of unmitigated agency and unmitigated communion for domains of problem behavior. Journal of Personality, 68, 1031–1057. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00125.
  • Helgeson, V. S., & Palladino, D. K. (2012). Agentic and communal traits and health: Adolescents with and without diabetes. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 415–428. doi:10.1177/0146167211427149.
  • Jackson, D. N. (1984). Personality Research Form manual (3rd ed.). Port Huron, MI: Reseach Psychologists Press.
  • Kafka, G. J., & Kozma, A. (2002). The construct validity of Ryff’s scales of psychological well-being (SPWB) and their relationship to measures of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 57, 171–190. doi:10.1023/A:1014451725204.
  • Kang, S.-M., Shaver, P. R., Sue, S., Min, K.-H., & Jing, H. (2003). Culture-specific patterns in the prediction of life satisfaction: Roles of emotion, relationship quality, and self-esteem. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1596–1608. doi:10.1177/0146167203255986.
  • Keltner, D., Ellsworth, P. C., & Edwards, K. (1993). Beyond simple pessimism: Effects of sadness and anger on social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 740–752. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.64.5.740.
  • Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (2003). Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 17(2), 297–314. doi:10.1080/02699930244000318.
  • Keresteš, G., Brković, I., & Jagodić, G. K. (2012). Predictors of psychological well-being of adolescents’ parents. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 1073–1089. doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9307-1.
  • Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 1007–1022. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.1007.
  • Kirby, L. D., Morrow, J., & Yih, J. (2014). The challenge of challenge: Pursuing determination as an emotions. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota, & L. D. Kirby (Eds.), Handbook of positive emotions (pp. 378–395). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Kurokawa, M. (2000). Culture, emotion, and well-being: Good feelings in Japan and the United States. Cognition & Emotion, 14, 93–124. doi:10.1080/026999300379003.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Lambert, N. M., Clark, M. S., Durtschi, J., Fincham, F. D., & Graham, S. M. (2010). Benefits of expressing gratitude: Expressing gratitude to a partner changes one's view of the relationship. Psychological Science, 21, 574–580. doi:10.1177/0956797610364003.
  • Lambert, N. M., & Fincham, F. D. (2011). Expressing gratitude to a partner leads to more relationship maintenance behavior. Emotion, 11, 52–60. doi:10.1037/a0021557.
  • Lau, R. S., & Cheung, G. W. (2012). Estimating and comparing specific mediation effects in complex latent variable models. Organizational Research Methods, 15, 3–16. doi:10.1177/1094428110391673.
  • Lindfors, P., Berntsson, L., & Lundberg, U. (2006). Factor structure of Ryff’s psychological well-being scales in Swedish female and male white-collar workers. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1213–1222. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.10.016.
  • Liu, M., & Wang, C. (2010). Explaining the influence of anger and compassion on negotiators’ interaction goals: An assessment of trust and distrust as two distinct mediators. Communication Research, 37, 443–472. doi:10.1177/0093650210362681.
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being American Psychologist, 56, 239–249. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.56.3.239.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., & Tucker, K. L. (1998). Implications of individual differences in subjective happiness for perceiving, interpreting, and thinking about life events. Motivation and Emotion, 22, 155–186. doi:10.1023/A:1021396422190.
  • Macaskill, A., & Denovan, A. (2014). Assessing psychological health: The contribution of psychological strengths. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 42, 320–337. doi:10.1080/03069885.2014.898739.
  • MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 99–128. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3901.
  • Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Schutte, N. S., Bhullar, N., & Rooke, S. E. (2010). The five-factor model of personality and relationship satisfaction of intimate partners: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 124–127. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.09.004.
  • Mascolo, M. F., & Fischer, K. W. (1995). Developmental transformations in appraisals for pride, shame, and guilt. In J. Tangney & K. W. Fisher (Eds.), The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 64–113). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112–127. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.82.1.112.
  • McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Is gratitude a moral affect? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 249–266. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.127.2.249.
  • Michie, S. (2009). Pride and gratitude: How positive emotions influence the prosocial behaviors of organizational leaders. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 15, 393–403. doi:10.1177/1548051809333338.
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.
  • Nir, Z., & Neumann, L. (1990). Motivation patterns, self-esteem, and depression of patients after first myocardial infarction. Behavioral Medicine, 16, 62–66. doi:10.1080/08964289.1990.9934593.
  • Paolacci, G., & Chandler, J. (2014). Inside the Turk: Understanding mechanical Turk as a participant pool. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 184–188. doi:10.1177/0963721414531598.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 539–569. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452.
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879.
  • Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 419–435. doi:10.1177/0146167200266002.
  • Ruini, C., & Vescovelli, F. (2013). The role of gratitude in breast cancer: Its relationships with post-traumatic growth, psychological well-being and distress. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 263–274. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9330-x.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65, 529–565. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.57.6.1069.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 99–104. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772395.
  • Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719.
  • Sauter, D. (2010). More than happy: The need for disentangling positive emotions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 36–40. doi:10.1177/0963721409359290.
  • Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410.
  • Shaver, P. R., Morgan, H., & WU, S. (1996). Is love a ‘basic’ emotion? Personal Relationships, 3, 81–96. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00105.x.
  • Shaver, P. R., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., & O’Connor, C. (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1061–1086. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.52.6.1061.
  • Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., & John, O. P. (2006). Positive emotion dispositions differentially associated with big five personality and attachment style. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1, 61–71. doi:10.1080/17439760500510833.
  • Shiota, M. N., Neufeld, S. L., Danvers, A. F., Osborne, E. A., Sng, O., & Yee, C. I. (2014). Positive emotion differentiation: A functional approach. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8, 104–117. doi:10.1111/spc3.12092.
  • Smillie, L. D., Cooper, A. J., Wilt, J., & Revelle, W. (2012). Do extraverts get more bang for the buck? Refining the affective-reactivity hypothesis of extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 306–326. doi:10.1037/a0028372.
  • Sprecher, S., & Fehr, B. (2006). Enhancement of mood and self-esteem as a result of giving and receiving compassionate love. Current Research in Social Psychology, 11, 227–242.
  • Steger, M. F., Kashdan, T. B., & Oishi, S. (2008). Being good by doing good: Daily eudaimonic activity and well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 22–42. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.03.004.
  • Storm, C., & Storm, T. (1987). A taxonomic study of the vocabulary of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 805–816. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.4.805.
  • Suh, E. J., Moskowitz, D. S., Fournier, M. A., & Zuroff, D. C. (2004). Gender and relationships: Influences on agentic and communal behaviors. Personal Relationships, 11, 41–60. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00070.x.
  • Tangney, J. P., Miller, R. S., Flicker, L., & Barlow, D. H. (1996). Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1256–1269. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.70.6.1256.
  • Thompson, R. B., Peura, C., & Gayton, W. F. (2015). Gender differences in the person-activity fit for positive psychology interventions. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 179–183. doi:10.1080/17439760.2014.927908.
  • Tong, E. M. W. (2015). Differentiation of 13 positive emotions by appraisals. Cognition & Emotion, 29, 484–503. doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.922056.
  • Tracy, J. L., Cheng, J. T., Robins, R. W., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2009). Authentic and hubristic pride: The affective core of self-esteem and Narcissism. Self and Identity, 8, 196–213. doi:10.1080/15298860802505053.
  • Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2007). The psychological structure of pride: A tale of two facets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 506–525. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.506.
  • Tracy, J. L., Weidman, A. C., Cheng, J. T., & Martens, J. P. (2013). Pride: The fundamental emotion of success, power, and status. In M. M. Tugade, M. N. Shiota, & L. D. Kirby (Eds.), Handbook of positive emotions (pp. 294–310). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Wadlinger, H. A., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2006). Positive mood broadens visual attention to positive stimuli. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 87–99. doi:10.1007/s11031-006-9021-1.
  • Watkins, P., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. L. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude, and relationships with subjective well-being. Social Behavior and Personality: An International journal, 31, 431–451. doi:10.2224/sbp.2003.31.5.431.
  • Whitley, B. E. (1983). Sex role orientation and self-esteem: A critical meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 765–778. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.44.4.765.
  • Wiggins, J. S. (1991). Agency and communion as conceptual coordinates for the under- standing and measurement of interpersonal behavior. In D. Cicchetti & W. Grove (Eds.), Thinking clearly about psychology: Essays in honor of Paul Everett Meehl (pp. 89–113). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Williams, L. A., & Bartlett, M. Y. (2015). Warm thanks: Gratitude expression facilitates social affiliation in new relationships via perceived warmth. Emotion, 15(1), 1–5. doi:10.1037/emo0000017.
  • Williams, L. A., & DeSteno, D. (2008). Pride and perseverance: The motivational role of pride. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 1007–1017. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.6.1007.
  • Williams, L. A., & DeSteno, D. (2009). Pride: Adaptive social emotion or seventh sin? Psychological Science, 20, 284–288. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02292.x.
  • Wood, A. M., Froh, J. J., & Geraghty, A. W. A. (2010). Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 890–905. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.005.
  • Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Maltby, J. (2009). Gratitude predicts psychological well-being above the big five facets. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 443–447. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.012.
  • Woodford, M. R., Kulick, A., Sinco, B. R., & Hong, J. S. (2014). Contemporary heterosexism on campus and psychological distress among LGBQ students: The mediating role of self-acceptance. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84, 519–529. doi:10.1037/ort0000015.
  • Yoo, H., Bartle-Haring, S., Day, R. D., & Gangamma, R. (2014). Couple communication, emotional and sexual intimacy, and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 40, 275–293. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2012.751072.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.