References
- Aknin, L., Barrington-Leigh, C. P., Dunn, E. W., Helliwell, J. F., Burns, J., Biswas-Diener, R., Kemeza, I., Nyende, P., Ashton-James, C. E., & Norton, M. I. (2013). Prosocial spending and well-being: Cross-cultural evidence for a psychological universal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 635–652. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031578
- Aknin, L. B., Broesch, T., Hamlin, J. K., & Van de Vondervoort, J. W. (2015). Prosocial behavior leads to happiness in a small-scale rural society. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 144(4), 788–795. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000082
- Aknin, L. B., Whillans, A. V., Norton, M. I., & Dunn, E. W. (2019). Happiness and prosocial behavior: An evaluation of the evidence. In J. F. Helliwell, R. Layard, J. D. Sachs & Global Council for Happiness and Wellbeing (Eds.), World Happiness Report .(pp. 73–94).New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
- Batson, C. D., Duncan, B. D., Ackerman, P., Buckley, T., Birch, K., Cialdini, R. B., Schaller, M., Houlihan, D., Arps, K., Fultz, J., & Beaman, A. L. (2007). Issue 17: Does true altruism exist? In Taking sides: Clashing views in social psychology (2nd ed., pp. 348–371). McGraw-Hill.
- Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological bulletin, 117(3), 497. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
- https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1701_01
- Curry, O. S., Rowland, L. A., Van Lissa, C. J., Zlotowitz, S., McAlaney, J., & Whitehouse, H. (2018). Happy to help? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76, 320–329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.02.014
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The” what” and” why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
- Demir, M., & Özdemir, M. (2010). Friendship, need satisfaction and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(2), 243–259. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9138-5
- https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610364119
- Dunn, E., Aknin, L., & Norton, M. (2014). Prosocial spending and happiness: Using money to benefit others pays off. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413512503
- Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science, 319(5870), 1687–1688. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150952
- https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45
- Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2014). Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 67(3), 451–470. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12028
- Hepach, R., Vaish, A., Grossmann, T., & Tomasello, M. (2016). Young children want to see others get the help they need. Child Development, 87(6), 1703–1714. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12633
- Hepach, R., Vaish, A., & Tomasello, M. (2012). Young children are intrinsically motivated to see others helped. Psychological Science, 23(9), 967–972. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612440571
- Jenkinson, C. E., Dickens, A. P., Jones, K., Thompson-Coon, J., Taylor, R. S., Rogers, M., Bambra, C. L., Lang, I., & Richards, S. H. (2013). Is volunteering a public health intervention? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the health and survival of volunteers. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 773–783. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-773
- Kumar, S., Calvo, R., Avendano, M., Sivaramakrishnan, K., & Berkman, L. F. (2012). Social support, volunteering and health around the world: Cross-national evidence from 139 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 74(5), 696–706. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.017
- Layous, K., Lee, H., Choi, I., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013). Culture matters when designing a successful happiness-increasing activity: A comparison of the United States and South Korea. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 44(8), 1294–1303. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022113487591
- León, J., & Núñez, J. L. (2013). Causal ordering of basic psychological needs and well-being. Social Indicators Research, 114(2), 243–253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0143-4
- Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 111–131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111
- Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C., & Sheldon, K. M. (2004). Pursuing sustained happiness through random act of kindness and counting one’s blessings: Tests of two six-week interventions. Unpublished raw data.
- Martela, F., & Riekki, T. J. (2018). Autonomy, competence, relatedness, and beneficence: A multicultural comparison of the four pathways to meaningful work. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01157
- Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2016). The benefits of benevolence: Basic psychological needs, beneficence, and the enhancement of well-being. Journal of Personality, 84(6), 750–764. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12215
- Martela, F., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Distinguishing between basic psychological needs and basic wellness enhancers: The case of beneficence as a candidate psychological need. Motivation and Emotion, 44(1), 116-133. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09800-x
- Martela, F., Ryan, R. M., & Steger, M. F. (2018). Meaningfulness as satisfaction of autonomy, competence, relatedness, and beneficence: Comparing the four satisfactions and positive affect as predictors of meaning in life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(5), 1261–1282. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9869-7
- Meier, S., & Stutzer, A. (2008). Is volunteering rewarding in itself? Economica, 75(297), 39–59.
- Nelson, S. K., Della Porta, M. D., Jacobs Bao, K., Lee, H. C., Choi, I., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2015). “It’s up to you”: Experimentally manipulated autonomy support for prosocial behavior improves well-being in two cultures over six weeks. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(5), 463–476. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.983959
- Nelson, S. K., Layous, K., Cole, S. W., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2016). Do unto others or treat yourself? The effects of prosocial and self-focused behavior on psychological flourishing. Emotion, 16(6), 850–861. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000178
- Okun, M. A., Yeung, E. W., & Brown, S. (2013). Volunteering by older adults and risk of mortality: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 28(2), 564. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031519
- Otake, K., Shimai, S., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Otsui, K., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). Happy people become happier through kindness: A counting kindnesses intervention. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 361–375. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-3650-z
- Parks, A. C. & Titova, L. (2016). Positive Psychology Interventions: An Overview. In A. Woods & J. Johnson (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook of Positive Clinical Psychology: An Integrative Approach to Studying and Improving Well-being (pp. 307–320). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
- https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12066
- Prentice, M., Jayawickreme, E., Hawkins, A., Hartley, A., Furr, R. M., & Fleeson, W. (2019). Morality as a basic psychological need. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(4), 449–460. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550618772011
- Ryan, R. (2009). determination theory and well being. Social Psychology, 84(822), 848.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: Basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 319–338. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_03
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications.
- Sheldon, K. M., Boehm, J. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Variety is the spice of happiness: The hedonic adaptation prevention (HAP) model. In I. Boniwell & S. David (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 901–914). Oxford University Press.
- Sheldon, K. M. (2011). Integrating behavioral-motive and experiential-requirement perspectives on psychological needs: A two process model. Psychological review, 118(4), 552. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024758
- Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(12), 1270–1279. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672962212007
- Tabassum, F., Mohan, J., & Smith, P. (2016). Association of volunteering with mental well-being: A life course analysis of a national population-based longitudinal study in the UK. BMJ Open, 6(8), 2016. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011327
- Tian, L., Chen, H., & Huebner, E. S. (2014). The longitudinal relationships between basic psychological needs satisfaction at school and school-related subjective well-being in adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 119(1), 353–372. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0495-4
- Tsang, J. A., Carpenter, T. P., Roberts, J. A., Frisch, M. B., & Carlisle, R. D. (2014). Why are materialists less happy? The role of gratitude and need satisfaction in the relationship between materialism and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 62–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.009
- Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(3), 263–280. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032359
- https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121448
- Weinstein, N., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). When helping helps: Autonomous motivation for prosocial behavior and its influence on well-being for the helper and recipient. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 222–244. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016984
- Wheeler, J. A., Gorey, K. M., & Greenblatt, B. (1998). The beneficial effects of volunteering for older volunteers and the people they serve: A meta-analysis. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 47(1), 69–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2190/VUMP-XCMF-FQYU-V0JH
- Whillans, A. V., Seider, S. C., Chen, L., Dwyer, R. J., Novick, S., Gramigna, K. J., Mitchell, B. A., Savalei, V., Dickerson, S. S., & Dunn, E. W. (2016). Does volunteering improve well-being? Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 1(1–3), 35–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2016.1273647
- Williamson, G. M., & Clark, M. S. (1989). Providing help and desired relationship type as determinants of changes in moods and self-evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(5), 722. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.722