Gender differences in preschool children’s recall of competitive and noncompetitive computer mathematics games

References

• Anderson , C.A. and Bushman , B.J. 2001 . Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta‐analytic review of the scientific literature . Psychological Science , 12 : 353 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , C.A. and Dill , K.E. 2000 . Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 78 : 772 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bem , S.L. 1981 . Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing . Psychological Review , 88 : 354 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bers , M.U. 2008 . Blocks to robots: Learning with technology in the early childhood classroom , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bertozzi , E. and Lee , S. 2007 . Not just fun and games: Digital play, gender and attitudes toward technology . Women’s Studies in Communication , 30 : 179 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Blumberg , F.C. 1998 . The developmental differences at play: Children’s selective attention and performance in video games . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 19 : 615 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun , C.M.J. , Goupil , G. , Giroux , J. and Chagnon , Y. 1986 . Adolescents and microcomputers: Sex differences, proxemics, task and stimulus variables . Journal of Psychology , 120 : 529 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadbent , D.E. 1958 . Perception and communication , Oxford : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Calvert , S.L. 1999 . Children’s journeys through the information age , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Carr , D. and Pelletier , C. 2009 . “ Games, gender, and representation ” . In Handbook of research on effective electronic gaming in education , Edited by: Ferdig , R.E. Vol. 2 , 911 – 21 . New York : Information Science Reference .
   Google Scholar
• Cassell , J. and Jenkins , H. 2000 . “ Chess for girls? Feminism and computer games ” . In From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and computer games , Edited by: Cassell , J. and Jenkins , H. 2 – 45 . Cambridge , MA : Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Chappell , K.K. 1997 . Investigating the impact of elements in educational mathematics software on girls’ attitudes . Journal of Educational Computing Research , 17 : 119 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherney , I.D. and London , K. 2006 . Gender‐linked differences in the toys, television shows, computer games, and outdoor activities of 5‐ to 13‐year‐old children . Sex Roles: A Journal of Research , 54 : 717 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford , C. 2003 . Chris Crawford on game design , Indianapolis , IN : New Riders .
   Google Scholar
• Daniels , D.H. , Beaumont , L.J. and Doolin , C.A. 2002 . Understanding children: An interview and observation guide for educators , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Dominick , J.R. 1984 . Videogames, television violence, and aggression in teenagers . Journal of Communication , 34 : 136 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. 1993 . “ Selection of input and goal in the control of behavior ” . In Attention: Selection, awareness, and control , Edited by: Baddeley , A. and Weiskrantz , L. 53 – 71 . Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Eastin , M.S. 2006 . Video game violence and the female game player: Self and opponent gender effects on presence and aggressive thought . Human Communication Research , 32 : 351 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eglesz , D. , Fekete , I. , Kiss , O.E. and Izsó , L. 2005 . Computer games are fun? On professional games and players’ motivation . Educational Media International , 42 : 117 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Farrar , K.M. , Krcmar , M. and Nowak , K.L. 2006 . Contextual features of violent video games, mental models, and aggression . Journal of Communication , 56 : 387 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth , A.S. Jr. and Lancy , D.F. 1987 . Simulated travel and place location learning in a computer adventure game . Journal of Educational Computing Research , 3 : 377 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk , J.B. and Buckman , D. 1996 . Children’s perceptions of gender differences in social approval for playing electronic games . Sex Roles: A Journal of Research , 35 : 219 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield , P.M. , Brannon , C. and Lohr , D. 1994 . Two‐dimensional representation of movement through three‐dimensional space: The role of video game expertise . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 15 : 87 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , R.J. 1999 . A cognitive psychology of mass communication , Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Hartley , M.S. , Treagust , D.F. and Ogunniyi , M.B. 2008 . The application of a CAL strategy in science and mathematics for disadvantaged grade 12 learners in South Africa . International Journal of Educational Development , 28 : 596 – 611 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huizinga , J. 1970 . Homo ludens: A study of the play element in culture , New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Humphrey , D.G. and Kramer , A.F. 1999 . Age‐related differences in perceptual organization and selective attention: Implications for display segmentation and recall performance . Experimental Aging Research , 25 : 1 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inal , Y. and Cagiltay , K. 2007 . Flow experiences of children in an interactive social game environment . British Journal of Educational Technology , 38 : 455 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivinski , P.A. 1997 . Game girls: Girl market in computer games and educational software . Print , 51 : 24 – 9 . Academic Research Premier Database (accessed October 2, 2008)
   Google Scholar
• Kadijevich , Dj. and Haapasalo , L. 2001 . Linking procedural and conceptual mathematical knowledge through CAL . Journal of Computer Assisted Learning , 17 : 156 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kafai , Y.B. 2000 . “ Video game designs by girls and boys: Variability and consistency of gender differences ” . In From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and computer games , Edited by: Cassell , J. and Jenkins , H. 71 – 90 . Cambridge , MA : Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kiesler , S. , Sproull , L. and Eccles , J. 1985 . Poolhalls, chips and war games: Women in the culture of computing . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 4 : 451 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Klimmt , C. , Schmid , H. , Nosper , A. , Hartmann , T. and Vorderer , P. 2006 . How players manage moral concerns to make video game violence enjoyable . Communications , 31 : 309 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Krotoski , A. 2004 . Chicks and joysticks: An explanation of women and gaming , London : Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association . http://www.elspa.com/assets/files/c/chicksandjoysticksanexplorationofwomenandgaming_176.pdf (accessed October 2, 2008)
   Google Scholar
• Kvale , S. 1996 . An introduction to qualitative research interviewing , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Lemons , M.A. and Parzinger , M. 2007 . Gender schemas: A cognitive explanation of discrimination of women in technology . Journal of Business and Psychology , 22 : 91 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas , K. and Sherry , J. 2004 . Sex differences in video game play: A communication‐based explanation . Communication Research , 31 : 499 – 523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , B.A. and Martin , J.H. 1995 . Comparing perceived sex role orientations of the ideal male and female athlete to the ideal male and female person . Journal of Sport Behavior , 18 : 286 – 301 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , C.L. , Ruble , D.N. and Szkrybalo , J. 2002 . Cognitive theories of early gender development . Psychological Bulletin , 128 : 903 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mergler , N.L. , Dusek , J.B. and Hoyer , W.J. 1977 . Central/incidental recall and selective attention in young and elderly adults . Experimental Aging Research , 3 : 49 – 60 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miedzian , M. 1991 . Boys will be boys , New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Navarro , J.I. , Marchena , E. , Alcalde , C. and Ruiz , G. 2004 . Stimulus control with computer assisted learning . Journal of Behavioral Education , 13 : 83 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Okan , Z. 2003 . Edutainment: Is learning at risk? . British Journal of Educational Technology , 34 : 255 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persuasive Games . 2008 . Our games http://www.persuasivegames.com/games (accessed October 15, 2008)
   Google Scholar
• Pitcher , E.G. and Schultz , L.H. 1983 . Boys and girls at play: The development of sex roles , New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Provenzo , E.F. 1991 . Video kids , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Provenzo , E.F. 1992 . The video generation: Should you be worried about video games? You bet, says this researcher . American School Board Journal , 179 ( 3 ) : 29 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Scharrer , E. 2004 . Virtual violence: Gender and aggression in video game advertisements . Mass Communication and Society , 7 : 393 – 412 .
   Google Scholar
• Sheldon , J.P. 2004 . Gender stereotypes in educational software for young children . Sex Roles: A Journal of Research , 51 : 433 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strommen , E.F. 1993 . ‘Does yours eat leaves?’ Cooperative learning in an educational software task . Journal of Computing in Childhood Education , 4 : 45 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Subrahmanyam , K. and Greenfield , P.M. 2000 . “ Computer games for girls: What makes them play? ” . In From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and computer games , Edited by: Cassell , J. and Jenkins , H. 46 – 71 . Cambridge , MA : Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Susskind , J.E. 2003 . Children’s perception of gender‐based illusory correlations: Enhancing preexisting relationships between gender and behavior . Sex Roles: A Journal of Research , 48 : 483 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedeschi , J.T. , Hiester , D. and Gahagan , J.P. 1969 . Matrix values and the behavior of children in the prisoner’s dilemma game . Child Development , 40 : 517 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teh , G.P.L. and Fraser , B.J. 1995 . Gender differences in achievement and attitudes among students using computer‐assisted instruction . International Journal of Instructional Media , 22 : 111 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , K.M. and Haninger , K. 2001 . Violence in E‐rated video games . Journal of the American Medical Association , 286 : 591 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , S.W. and Ogletree , S.M. 1992 . Preschool children’s computer interest and competence: Effects of sex and gender role . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 7 : 135 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Yelland , N. and Lloyd , M. 2001 . Virtual kids of the 21st century understanding children in schools today . Information Technology in Childhood Annual , 12 : 175 – 92 .
   Google Scholar