Use of the non-pneumatic anti-shock garment (NASG) to reduce blood loss and time to recovery from shock for women with obstetric haemorrhage in Egypt

References

• Bailey , P.E. and Paxton , A. ( 2002 ) Program Note. Using UN Process Indicators to Assess Needs in Emergency Obstetric Services . International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , 76 , 299 – 305 , discussion 306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkhahn , R.H. , Gaeta , T.J. , Terry , D. , Bove , J.J. and Tloczkowsi , J. 2005 . Shock Index in Diagnosing Early Acute Hypovolemia . American Journal of Emergency Medicine , 23 : 323 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkhahn , R.H. , Gaeta , T.J. , Van Deusen , S.K. and Tloczkowsi , J. 2003 . The Ability of Traditional Vital Signs and Shock Index to Identify Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 189 : 1293 – 1296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brees , C. , Hensleigh , P. , Miller , S. and Pelligra , R. 2004 . A Non-inflatable Anti-shock Garment for Obstetric Hemorrhage . International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , 87 : 119 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , J. and Crumbleholme , W. ( eds ) ( 1993 ) Handbook of Gynecology and Obstetrics ( Norwalk : Appleton & Lange ).
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , M.J. ( 2001 ) Survival Analysis . In Campbell M.J. (ed) Statistics at Square Two: Understanding Modern Statistical Applications in Medicine ( London : BMJ , 59 – 73 ).
   Google Scholar
• Creasy , R.K. and Resnik , R. ( eds ) ( 1994 ) Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice ( Philadelphia : WB Saunders ).
   Google Scholar
• de Graf-Johnson , J. , Daly , P. , Otchere , S. , Russell , N. and Bell , R. ( 2005 ) Household to Hospital Continuum of Maternal and Newborn Care. ACCESS Project ( Baltimore : ACCESS ).
   Google Scholar
• El-Refaey , H. and Rodeck , C. 2003 . Post-partum Haemorrhage: Definitions, Medical and Surgical Management. A Time for Change . British Medical Bulletin , 67 : 205 – 217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortney , J.A. and Smith , J.B. 1996 . The Base of the Iceberg: Prevalence and Perceptions of Maternal Morbidity in Four Developing Nations , Research Triangle Park : Family Health International .
   Google Scholar
• Geller , S.E. , Adams , M.G. , Kelly , P.G. , Kodkany , P.S. and Derman , R.J. 2006 . Postpartum Hemorrhage in Resource-poor Settings . International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , 92 : 202 – 211 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon , M. 2002 . “ Maternal physiology in pregnancy ” . In Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies , Edited by: Gabbe , S.G. and Simpson , J.L. 63 – 91 . Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone .
   Google Scholar
• Gülmezoglu , A. , Villar , J. , Ngoc , N. , Piaggio , G. , Carroli , G. Adetoro , L. 2001 . WHO Multicentre Randomised Trial of Misoprostol in the Management of the Third Stage of Labour . Lancet , 358 : 689 – 695 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hensleigh , P.A. 2002 . Anti-shock Garment Provides Resuscitation and Haemostasis for Obstetric Haemorrhage . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 109 : 1377 – 1384 .
   Google Scholar
• Hofmeyr , G.J. and Molala , B.K.F. 2001 . Hypovolemic shock . Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics Gynaecology , 154 : 645 – 662 .
   Google Scholar
• Hofmeyr , G.J. , Walraven , G. , Gulmezoglu , A.M. , Maholwana , B. , Alfirevic , Z. and Villar , J. 2005 . Misoprostol to Treat PPH: A Systematic Review . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 112 : 547 – 553 .
   Google Scholar
• ICM/FIGO ( 2003 ) Joint Statement: Management of the Third Stage of Labour to Prevent Post-partum Haemorrhage . Accessed 28 March 2006, available at http://www.internationalmidwives.org/modules/ContentExpress/img_repository/final%20joint%20statement%20active%20manangement-eng%20with%20logo.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Khan , K.S. , Wojdyla , D. , Say , L. , Gulmezoglu , M. and Van Look , P.F. 2006 . WHO Analysis of Causes of Maternal Death: A Systematic Review . Lancet , 367 : 1066 – 1074 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koblinsky , M. , Conroy , C. , Kureshy , N. , Stanton , M. and Jessop , S. 2000 . Issues in Programming for Safe Motherhood , Arlington : John Snow Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Li , X.F. , Fortney , J.A. , Kotelchuck , M. and Glover , L.H. 1996 . The Postpartum Period: The Key to Maternal Mortality . International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , 54 : 1 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick , M.L. , Sanghvi , H.C. , Kinzie , B. and McIntosh , N. 2002 . Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage in Low-resource Settings . International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , 77 : 267 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McSwain , N.E. Jr . 1988 . Pneumatic Anti-shock Garment: State of the Art 1988 . Annals of Emergency Medicine , 17 : 506 – 525 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller , S. , Lester , F. and Hensleigh , P. 2004 . Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage: New Advances for Low-resource Settings . Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health , 49 : 283 – 292 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , S. , Ojengbede , O. , Bray , E. , Lester , F. , Fabamwo , A.O. , Bello , M. , et al. . ( 2005 ) Ayorunbo: She who has been to heaven and returned. Near miss maternal mortality in Nigeria and Mexico . Abstract presented at the 134th annual APHA Conference in Philadelphia, USA ( University of California , San Francisco ).
   Google Scholar
• Miller , S. , Hamza , S. , Bray , E. , Gipson , R. , Nada , K. Fathalla , M.F. 2006a . First Aid for Obstetrical Hemorrhage: The Pilot Study of the Non-pneumatic Anti-shock Garment (NASG) in Egypt . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 113 : 424 – 429 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , S. , Buffington , S.T. , Beck , D. , de Graf-Johnson , J. , Daly , P. Otchere , S. 2006b . Home and Community Based Health Care for Mothers and Newborns , Baltimore : ACCESS .
   Google Scholar
• Ornan , D. , White , R. , Pollak , J. and Tal , M. 2003 . Pelvic Embolization for Intractable Postpartum Hemorrhage: Long-term Follow-up and Implications for Fertility . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 102 : 904 – 910 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson , L. and Shoo , R. 2005 . Availability and Use of Emergency Obstetric Services: Kenya, Rwanda, Southern Sudan, and Uganda . International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , 88 : 208 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelligra , R. 1994 . Non-pneumatic Antishock Garment Use . Emergency , 26 : 53 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Prendiville , W.J. , Elbourne , D. and McDonald , S. 2006 . Active Versus Expectant Management in the Third Stage of Labor . Cochrane Library , 1 : 1 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Prual , A. , Bouvier-Colle , M.H. , De Bernis , L. and Breart , G. 2000 . Severe Maternal Morbidity from Direct Obstetric Causes in West Africa: Incidence and Case Fatality Rates . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 78 : 593 – 602 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serway , R.A. and Jewett , J.W. (eds) ( 2004 ) Fluids . In Physics for Scientists and Engineers ( Belmont : Brooks Cole , 420 – 437 ).
   Google Scholar
• Swinscow , T. and Campbell , M. (eds) ( 1997 ) Survival Analysis . In Statistics at Square One ( London : BMJ , 80 – 87 ).
   Google Scholar
• Thaddeus , S. and Maine , D. 1994 . Too Far to Walk: Maternal Mortality in Context . Social Science & Medicine , 38 : 1091 – 1110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsu , V.D. and Shane , B. 2004 . New and Underutilized Technologies to Reduce Maternal Mortality: Call to Action from a Bellagio Workshop . International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , 85 ( Suppl 1 ) : S83 – S93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsu , V.D. , Langer , A. and Aldrich , T. 2004 . Postpartum Hemorrhage in Developing Countries: Is the Public Health Community using the Right Tools? International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics . 85 Suppl , 1 : S42 – S51 .
   Google Scholar
• UN ( 2000 ) United Nations Millennium Declaration ( New York : UN ).
   Google Scholar
• UN ( 2006 ) Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly: The Girl Child ( New York : UN ).
   Google Scholar
• UNFPA ( 2004a ) State of the World Population 2004. The Cairo Consensus at Ten: Population, Reproductive Health and the Global Effort to End Poverty ( New York : UNFPA ).
   Google Scholar
• UNFPA ( 2004b ) Programme Indicators, Part II: Indicators for Reducing Maternal Mortality . Accessed 29 March 2006, available at http://www.unfpa.org/monitoring/toolkit.html
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF, WHO and UNFPA ( 1997 ) Guidelines for Monitoring the Use and Availability of Obstetric Services ( New York : UNICEF, WHO and UNFPA ).
   Google Scholar
• Vivio , D. and Williams , D. 2004 . Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor: Why is it Controversial? . Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health , 49 : 2 – 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Walraven , G. , Blum , J. , Dampha , Y. , Sowe , M. , Morison , L. Winikoff , B. 2005 . Misoprostol in the Management of the Third Stage of Labour in the Home Delivery Setting in Rural Gambia: A Randomised Controlled Trial . British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 112 : 1277 – 1283 .
   Google Scholar
• WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA ( 2004 ) Maternal mortality in 2000: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA. Accessed 29 March 2006, available at http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2003/who-saf-22oct.pdf
   Google Scholar