The interaction between axes of inequality in studies on discrimination, stigma and HIV/AIDS: Contributions to the recent international literature

References

• Amuri, M., Mitchell, S., Cockcroft, A., & Andersson, N. (2011). Socio-economic status and HIV/AIDS stigma in Tanzania. AIDS Care, 23, 378–382. doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.507739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrinopoulos, K., Figueroa, J. P., Kerrigan, D., & Ellen, J.M. (2011). Homophobia, stigma and HIV in Jamaican prisons. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13(2), 187–200. doi:10.1080/13691058.2010.521575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boarts, J. M., Bogart, L. M., Tabak, M. A., Armelie, A. P., & Delahanty, D. L. (2008). Relationship of race-, sexual orientation-, and HIV-related discrimination with adherence to HIV treatment: A pilot study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 445–451. doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9169-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart, L. M., Wagner, G. J., Galvan, F. H., & Klein, D. J. (2010). Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 184–190. doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9200-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brah, A., & Phoenix, A. (2004). Ain't I a woman? Revisiting intersectionality. Journal of International Women Studies, 5(3), 75–86.
   Google Scholar
• Chiao, C., Mishra, V., & Sambisa, W. (2009). Individual- and community-level determinants of social acceptance of people living with HIV in Kenya: Results from a national population-based survey. Health and Place, 15(3), 712–720. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbert, A. M., Kim, K. H., Sereika, S. M., & Erlen, J. A. (2010). An examination of the relationships among gender, health status, social support, and HIV-related stigma. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 21, 302–313. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2009.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, P. Y., von Unger, H., & Armbrister, A. (2008). Church ladies, good girls, and locas: Stigma and the intersection of gender, ethnicity, mental illness, and sexuality in relation to HIV risk. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 389–397. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Legal Forum.
   Google Scholar
• Doyal, L. (2009). Challenges in researching life with HIV/AIDS: An intersectional analysis of black African migrants in London. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 11(2), 173–188. doi:10.1080/13691050802560336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrand, M. L., Bharat, S., Ramakrishna, J., & Heylen, E. (2012). Blame, symbolic stigma and HIV misconceptions are associated with support for coercive measures in urban India. AIDS and Behavior, 16, 700–710. doi:10.1007/s10461-011-9888-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairfax, C. N. (2010). Ideological schisms about HIV/AIDS helping systems in the African American community, with an emphasis on women. Journal of Evidence-based Social Work, 7, 412–430. doi:10.1080/15433711003673891
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, A., Miller, C. T., Solomon, S. E., Bunn, J. Y., & Cassidy, D. G. (2009). Size matters: Community size, HIV stigma, and gender differences. AIDS and Behavior, 13, 1205–1212. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9465-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruskin, S., Mills, E. J., & Tarantola, D. (2007). History, principles, and practice of health and human rights. The Lancet, 370(9585), 449–455. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61200-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, G. R., Parkhurst, J. O., Ogden, J. A., Aggleton, P., & Mahal, A. (2008). Structural approaches to HIV prevention. The Lancet, 372, 764–775. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60887-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haile, R., Padilla, M. B., & Parker, E. A. (2011). Stuck in the quagmire of an HIV ghetto’: The meaning of stigma in the lives of older black gay and bisexual men living with HIV in New York City. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13, 429–442. doi:10.1080/13691058.2010.537769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, C.-S. (2008). A qualitative exploration of the relationship between racism and unsafe sex among Asian Pacific Islander gay men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 827–837. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9308-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, C.-S., Lauby, J., Bond, L., Lapollo, A. B., & Rutledge, S. E. (2010). Magic Johnson doesn't worry about how to pay for medicine: Experiences of black men who have sex with men living with HIV. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 12, 387–399. doi:10.1080/13691050903549030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handock, A. M. (2007). When multiplication doesn't equal quick addition: Examining intersectionality as a research paradigm. Perspectives on Politics, 5(1), 63–79. doi:10.1017/S1537592707070065
   Google Scholar
• Hindman, M. D. (2011). Rethinking intersectionality: Towards an understanding of discursive marginalization. New Political Science, 33(2), 189–210. doi:10.1080/07393148.2011.570080
   Google Scholar
• Infante, C., Aggleton, P., & Pridmore, P. (2009). Forms and determinants of migration and HIV/AIDS-related stigma on the Mexican-Guatemalan border. Qualitative Health Research, 19, 1656–1668. doi:10.1177/1049732309353909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jointed United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2010). Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: Jointed United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
   Google Scholar
• Jointed United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2011). UNAIDS World AIDS Day report – how to get to zero: Faster, smarter, better. Geneva: Jointed United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, A. (2009). Social marginalization and children's rights: HIV-affected children in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Health and Social Work, 34, 293–300. doi:10.1093/hsw/34.4.293
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khosla, N. (2009). HIV/AIDS interventions in Bangladesh: What can application of a social exclusion framework tell us? Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 27, 587–597. doi:10.3329/jhpn.v27i4.3404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger, N. (2003). Does racism harm health? Did child abuse exist before 1962? On explicit questions, critical scene, and current controversies: An ecosocial perspective. American Journal of Public Health, 93(2), 194–199. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.2.194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J. (2008). Migrant workers and HIV vulnerability in Korea. International Migration, 46, 217–233. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2008.00467.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363–385. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logie, C., & Gadalla, T. M. (2009). Meta-analysis of health and demographic correlates of stigma towards people living with HIV. AIDS Care, 21(6), 742–753. doi:10.1080/09540120802511877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahajan, A. P., Sayles, J., Patel, V., Remien, R., Sharif, R., Sawires, S., … Coates, T. (2008). Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: A review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward. AIDS, 22(2), s67–s79. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000327438.13291.62
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maman, S., Abler, L., Parker, L., Lane, T., Chirowodza, A., Ntogwisangu, J., … Fritz, K. (2009). A comparison of HIV stigma and discrimination in five international sites: The influence of care and treatment resources in high prevalence settings. Social Science & Medicine, 68, 2271–2278. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, J., Tarantola, D., & Netter, T. (1992). AIDS in the world. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McCall, L. (2005). The complexity of intersectionality. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30, 1771–1800. doi:10.1086/426800
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muturi, N., & An, S. (2010). HIV/AIDS stigma and religiosity among African American women. Journal of Health Communication, 15, 388–401. doi:10.1080/10810731003753125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mykhalovskiy, E., & Rosengarten, M. (2009). HIV/AIDS in its third decade: Renewed critique in social and cultural analysis. An introduction. Social Theory & Health, 7(3), 187–195. doi:10.1057/sth.2009.13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanín, J., Osubu, T., Walker, J., Powell, B., Powell, D., & Parsons, J. (2009). ‘HIV is still real’: Perceptions of HIV testing and HIV prevention among black men who have sex with men in New York City. American Journal of Men's Health, 3(2), 150–164. doi:10.1177/1557988308315154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndirangu, E. W., & Evans, C. (2009). Experiences of African immigrant women living with HIV in the UK: Implications for health professionals. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 11(2), 108–114. doi:10.1007/s10903-008-9116-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, P. A., Williams, C., Massaquoi, N., Brown, M., & Logie, C. (2008). HIV prevention for black women: Structural barriers and opportunities. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 19, 829–841. doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okal, J., Luchters, S., Geibel, S., Chersich, M. F., Lango, D., & Temmerman, M. (2009). Social context, sexual risk perceptions and stigma: HIV vulnerability among male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 11, 811–826. doi:10.1080/13691050902906488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padilla, M., Castellanos, D., Guilamo-Ramos, V., Reyes, A. M., Sánchez Marte, L. E., & Soriano, M. A. (2008). Stigma, social inequality, and HIV risk disclosure among Dominican male sex workers. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 380–388. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai, M., McCulloch, M., Gorman, J., Pai, N., Enanoria, W., Kennedy, G., … Colford Jr., J. M. (2004). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: An illustrated, step-by-step guide. The National Medical Journal of India, 17(2), 86–95. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, R. (2012). Stigma, prejudice and discrimination in global public health. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 28(1), 164–169. doi:10.1590/S0102311X2012000100017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, R., & Aggleton, P. (2003). HIV and AIDS related stigma and discrimination: A conceptual framework and implications for action. Social Science & Medicine, 57(1), 13–24. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00304-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, J. L., & Jones, K. T. (2009). HIV prevention for black men who have sex with men in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 976–980. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.143214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G., & Dovidio, J. F. (2008). Stigma and prejudice: One animal or two? Social Science & Medicine, 67, 358–367. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prost, A., Elford, J., Imrie, J., Petticrew, M., & Hart, G. J. (2008). Social, behavioural, and intervention research among people of sub-Saharan African origin living with HIV in the UK and Europe: Literature review and recommendations for intervention. AIDS and Behavior, 12(2), 170–194. doi:10.1007/s10461-007-9237-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez-Valles, J., Kuhns, L., Campbell, R., & Diaz, R. (2010). Social integration and health: Community involvement, stigmatized identities, and sexual risk in Latino sexual minorities. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 30–47. doi:10.1007/s10461-007-9237-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, S. S., Mehta, S. H., Latimore, A., Srikrishnan, A. K., & Celentano, D. D. (2010). The impact of HIV and high-risk behaviours on the wives of married men who have sex with men and injection drug users: Implications for HIV prevention. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 13(Suppl 2), S7. doi:10.1186/1758-2652-13-S2-S7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sontag, S. (1990). Illness as metaphor and AIDS and its metaphors. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Sorsdahl, K. R., Mall, S., Stein, D. J., & Joska, J. A. (2011). The prevalence and predictors of stigma amongst people living with HIV/AIDS in the Western Province. AIDS Care, 23, 680–685. doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.525621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson, R. (2009). Community factors shaping HIV-related stigma among young people in three African countries. AIDS Care, 21, 403–410. doi:10.1080/09540120802290365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorsen, V. C., Sundby, J., & Martinson, F. (2008). Potential initiators of HIV-related stigmatization: Ethical and programmatic challenges for PMTCT programs. Developing World Bioethics, 8(1), 43–50. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2008.00227.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine, G. (2007). Theorizing and researching intersectionality: A challenge for feminist geography. The Professional Geographer, 59(1), 10–21. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9272.2007.00587.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hollen, C. (2010). HIV/AIDS and the gendering of stigma in Tamil Nadu, South India. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 34, 633–657. doi:10.1007/s11013-010-9192-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varas-Diaz, N., Neilands, T., Malave Rivera, S., & Betancourt, E. (2010). Religion and HIV/AIDS stigma: Implications for health professionals in Puerto Rico. Global Public Health, 19, 1–18. doi:10.1080/17441690903436581
   Google Scholar
• Vlassoff, C., & Ali, F. (2011). HIV-related stigma among South Asians in Toronto. Ethnicity and Health, 16(1), 25–42. doi:10.1080/13557858.2010.523456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walch, S. E., Orlosky, P. M., Sinkkanen, K. A., & Stevens, H. R. (2010). Demographic and social factors associated with homophobia and fear of AIDS in a community sample. Journal of Homosexuality, 57, 310–324. doi:10.1080/00918360903489135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, P. A., & Moore, T. E. (2009). Public health responses to the HIV epidemic among black men who have sex with men: A qualitative study of US Health Departments and Communities. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 1013–1022. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.140681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, E., Pant, S. B., Comfort, M., & Ekstrand, M. (2011). Stigma and HIV risk among Metis in Nepal. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13, 253–266. doi:10.1080/13691058.2010.524247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyrod, R. (2011). Masculinity and the persistence of AIDS stigma. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 13, 443–456. doi:10.1080/13691058.2010.542565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, L. H., & Kleinman, A. (2008). ‘Face’ and the embodiment of stigma in China: The cases of schizophrenia and AIDS. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 398–408. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yebei, V., Fortenberry, J., & Ayuku, D. (2008). Felt stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural and urban Kenya. African Health Sciences, 8(2), 97–102. doi:10.1080/09540121.2011.652357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar