HIV status, fertility intentions, and contraception in the era of expanded access to antiretroviral therapy: A case study of rural Mozambique

References

• Agadjanian, V. (2013). Religious denomination, religious involvement, and modern contraceptive use in Southern Mozambique. Studies in Family Planning, 44(3), 259–274. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2013.00357.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agadjanian, V., Yao, J., & Hayford, S. R. (2016). Place, time, and experience: Barriers to universalization of institutional child delivery in rural Mozambique. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 42(1), 21–31. doi:10.1363/ 42e0116 doi: 10.1363/42e0116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andia, I., Kaida, A., Maier, M., Guzman, D., Emenyonu, N., Pepper, L., … Hogg, R. S. (2009). Highly active antiretroviral therapy and increased use of contraceptives among HIV-positive women during expanding access to antiretroviral therapy in Mbarara, Uganda. American Journal of Public Health, 99(2), 340–347. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.129528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bankole, A., Biddlecom, A. E., & Dzekedzeke, K. (2011). Women’s and men’s fertility preferences and contraceptive behaviors by HIV status in 10 sub-Saharan African countries. AIDS Education and Prevention, 23(4), 313–328. doi: 10.1521/aeap.2011.23.4.313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard, K., Holt, K., Bostrom, A., van der Straten, A., Ramjee, G., de Bruyn, G., … Padian, N. S. (2011). Impact of learning HIV status on contraceptive use in the MIRA trial. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 37(4), 204–208. doi: 10.1136/jfprhc-2011-0109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland, J., Harbison, S., & Shah, I. H. (2014). Unmet need for contraception: Issues and challenges. Studies in Family Planning, 45(2), 105–122. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00380.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland, J., Shah, I. H., & Daniele, M. (2015). Interventions to improve postpartum family planning in low- and middle-income countries: Program implications and research priorities. Studies in Family Planning, 46(4), 423–441. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2015.00041.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, D., Moodley, J., Zweigenthal, V., Bekker, L. G., Shah, I., & Myer, L. (2009). Fertility intentions and reproductive health care needs of people living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for integrating reproductive health and HIV care services. AIDS and Behavior, 13(1), 38–46. doi: 10.1007/s10461-009-9550-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darroch, J. E., & Singh, S. (2013). Trends in contraceptive need and use in developing countries in 2003, 2008, and 2012: An analysis of national surveys. The Lancet, 381(9879), 1756–1762. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60597-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vletter, F. (2007). Migration and development in Mozambique: Poverty, inequality and survival. Development Southern Africa, 24(1), 137–153. doi: 10.1080/03768350601165975
   Google Scholar
• Engin-Üstün, Y., Üstün, Y., Çetin, F., Meydanlı, M. M., Kafkaslı, A., & Sezgin, B. (2007). Effect of postpartum counseling on postpartum contraceptive use. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 275(6), 429–432. doi: 10.1007/s00404-006-0287-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glazer, A. B., Wolf, A., & Gorby, N. (2011). Postpartum contraception: Needs vs. reality. Contraception, 83(3), 238–241. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habte, D., & Namasasu, J. (2015). Family planning use among women living with HIV: Knowing HIV positive status helps-results from a national survey. Reproductive Health, 12(1), 471. doi: 10.1186/s12978-015-0035-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayford, S. R., Agadjanian, V., & Luz, L. (2012). Now or never: Perceived HIV status and fertility intentions in rural Mozambique. Studies in Family Planning, 43(3), 191–199. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2012.00317.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, I. F., Martinson, F. E., Powers, K. A., Chilongozi, D. A., Msiska, E. D., Kachipapa, E. I., … Tsui, A. O. (2008). The year-long effect of HIV-positive test results on pregnancy intentions, contraceptive use, and pregnancy incidence among Malawian women. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 47(4), 477–483. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318165dc52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaida, A., Laher, F., Strathdee, S. A., Money, D., Janssen, P. A., Hogg, R. S., & Gray, G. (2010). Contraceptive use and method preference among women in Soweto, South Africa: The influence of expanding access to HIV care and treatment services. PLoS ONE, 5(11), 1–11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013868
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastner, J., Matthews, L. T., Flavia, N. T., Bajunirwe, F., Erikson, S., Berry, N. S., & Kaida, A. (2014). Antiretroviral therapy helps HIV-positive women navigate social expectations for and clinical recommendations against childbearing in Uganda. AIDS Research and Treatment, 2014 , Article ID 626120. doi: 10.1155/2014/626120
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan, S., Mishra, V., Arnold, F., & Abderrahim, N. (2007). Contraceptive trends in developing countries (DHS Comparative Reports No. 16). Calverton, MD: Macro International Inc. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/CR16/CR16.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Laryea, D. O., Amoako, Y. A., Spangenberg, K., Frimpong, E., & Kyei-Ansong, J. (2014). Contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning among HIV positive women on antiretroviral therapy in Kumasi, Ghana. BMC Women’s Health, 14, 168. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacQuarrie, K., Bradley, S., Gemmill, A., & Staveteig, S. (2014). Contraceptive dynamics following HIV testing ( DHS Analytical Studies No. 47). Rockville, MD: ICF International.
   Google Scholar
• Maier, M., Andia, I., Emenyonu, N., Guzman, D., Kaida, A., Pepper, L., … Bangsberg, D. R. (2009). Antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased fertility desire, but not pregnancy or live birth, among HIV+ women in an early HIV treatment program in rural Uganda. AIDS and Behavior, 13(1), 28–37. doi: 10.1007/s10461-008-9371-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makumbi, F. E., Nakigozi, G., Reynolds, S. J., Ndyanabo, A., Lutalo, T., Serwada, D., … Gray, R. (2011). Associations between HIV antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence and incidence of pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda. AIDS Research and Treatment, 2011 , Article ID 519492. doi: 10.1155/2011/519492
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marlow, H. M., Maman, S., Moodley, D., Curtis, S., & McNaughton Reyes, L. (2015). HIV status and post-partum contraceptive use in an antenatal population in Durban, South Africa. Contraception, 91(1), 39–43. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy, S. I., Buzdugan, R., Ralph, L. J., Mushavi, A., Mahomva, A., Hakobyan, A., & Padian, N. S. (2014). Unmet need for family planning, contraceptive failure, and unintended pregnancy among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in Zimbabwe. PLoS ONE, 9(8), e105320. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health of Mozambique. (2010). Inquérito nacional de prevalência, riscos comportamentais e informação sobre o HIV e SIDA (INSIDA), 2009 ( National Survey of HIV/AIDS prevalence, behavioral risks, and information (INSIDA), 2009). Maputo: Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health of Mozambique. (2014). Guia de tratamento antiretroviral e infecções oportunistas no adulto, adolescente, grávida e criança (Guidelines for antiretroviral treatment and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults, adolescents, pregnant women, and children). Maputo: Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Myer, L., Carter, R. J., Katyal, M., Toro, P., El-Sadr, W. M., & Abrams, E. J. (2010). Impact of antiretroviral therapy on incidence of pregnancy among HIV-infected women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A cohort study. PLoS Medicine, 7(2), 1–11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute of Statistics. (2005). Moçambique: Inquérito Demográfico e de Saúde 2003, Relatório Final (Demographic and Health Survey 2003, Final Report). Maputo: National Institute of Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Statistics. (2013). Moçambique: Inquérito Demográfico e de Saúde 2011, Relatório Final (Demographic and Health Survey 2011, Final Report). Maputo: National Institute of Statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Nattabi, B., Li, J., Thompson, S. C., Orach, C. G., & Earnest, J. (2009). A systematic review of factors influencing fertility desires and intentions among people living with HIV/AIDS: Implications for policy and service delivery. AIDS and Behavior, 13(5), 949–968. doi: 10.1007/s10461-009-9537-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngure, K., Mugo, N., Celum, C., Baeten, J. M., Morris, M., Olungah, O., … Shell-Duncan, B. (2012). A qualitative study of barriers to consistent condom use among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples in Kenya. AIDS Care, 24(4), 509–516. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2011.613911
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Shea, M. S., Rosenberg, N. E., Tang, J. H., Mukuzunga, K., Kaliti, S., Mwale, M., & Hosseinipoor, M. C. (2016). Reproductive intentions and family planning practices of pregnant HIV-infected Malawian women on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Care, 28(8), 1027–1034. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1140891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peltzer, K., Chao, L. W., & Dana, P. (2009). Family planning among HIV positive and negative prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) clients in a resource poor setting in South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 13(5), 973–979. doi: 10.1007/s10461-008-9365-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petruney, T., Robinson, E., Reynolds, H., Wilcher, R., & Cates, W. (2008). Contraception is the best kept secret for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(6), B. doi: 10.2471/BLT.08.051458
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reynolds, H. W., Steiner, M. J., & Cates, W. (2005). Contraception’s proved potential to fight HIV. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 81(2), 184–185. doi: 10.1136/sti.2004.012013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossier, C., & Hellen, J. (2014). Traditional birthspacing practices and uptake of family planning during the postpartum period in Ouagadougou: Qualitative results. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 40(2), 87–94. doi: 10.1363/4008714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaan, M. M., Taylor, M., & Marlink, R. (2014). Reproductive behaviour among women on antiretroviral therapy in Botswana: Mismatched pregnancy plans and contraceptive use. African Journal of AIDS Research, 13(3), 305–311. doi: 10.2989/16085906.2014.952654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. R., Rees, H., Mehta, S., Venter, W. D. F., Taha, T. E., & Black V. (2012). High incidence of unplanned pregnancy after antiretroviral therapy initiation: Findings from a prospective cohort study in South Africa. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e36039. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, S., Sedgh, G., & Hussain, R. (2010). Unintended pregnancy: Worldwide levels, trends, and outcomes. Studies in Family Planning, 41(4), 241–250. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2014.00393.x doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2010.00250.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedgh, G., Hussain, R., Bankole, A., & Singh, S. (2007). Women with an unmet need for contraception in developing countries and their reasons for not using a method. New York: Guttmacher Intstitute. Occasional Report No. 37.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, D. J., & Mbakwem, B. C. (2007). Life projects and therapeutic itineraries: Marriage, fertility, and antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria. AIDS, 21, S37–S41. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000298101.56614.af
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, K. B., Van der Spuy, Z. M., Cheng, L., Elton, R., & Glasier, A. F. (2002). Is postpartum contraceptive advice given antenatally of value? Contraception, 65(3), 237–243. doi: 10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00308-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taulo, F., Berry, M., Tsui, A., Makanani, B., Kafulafula, G., Li, Q., … Taha, T. E. (2009). Fertility intentions of HIV-1 infected and uninfected women in Malawi: A longitudinal study. AIDS and Behavior, 13(1), 20–27. doi: 10.1007/s10461-009-9547-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tweya, H., Feldacker, C., Breeze, E., Jahn, A., Haddad, L. B., Ben-Smith, A., … Phiri, S. (2013). Incidence of pregnancy among women accessing antiretroviral therapy in urban Malawi: A retrospective cohort study. AIDS and Behavior, 17(2), 471–478. doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0150-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcher, R., Cates Jr, W., & Gregson, S. (2009). Family planning and HIV: Strange bedfellows no longer. AIDS, 23(Suppl. 1), S1–S6. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000363772.45635.35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winfrey, W., & Rakesh, K. (2014). Use of family planning in the postpartum period (DHS Comparative Report No. 36). Rockville, MD: ICF International.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank. (2015). World Bank development indicators. World Bank Publications. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from www.worldbank.org
   Google Scholar