735
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Lack of full citizenship rights linked to heightened client condom refusal among im/migrant sex workers in Metro Vancouver (2010–2018)

ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 664-678 | Received 15 Jun 2019, Accepted 09 Dec 2019, Published online: 04 Jan 2020

References

  • Abel, G. (2019). Dignity in choice: The illegal status of migrant sex workers in New Zealand. Law and Society Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.
  • Argento, E., Duff, P., Bingham, B., Chapman, J., Nguyen, P., Strathdee, S. A., & Shannon, K. (2016). Social cohesion among sex workers and client condom refusal in a Canadian setting: Implications for structural and community-led interventions. AIDS and Behavior, 20(6), 1275–1283. doi: 10.1007/s10461-015-1230-8
  • Beach, C. M., & Worswick, C. (2006). Is there a double-negative effect on the earnings of immigrant women? Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques. doi: 10.2307/3551789
  • Benach, J., Muntaner, C., Delclos, C., Menéndez, M., & Ronquillo, C. (2011). Migration and “low-skilled” workers in destination countries. PLoS Medicine, 8(6), e1001043. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001043
  • Berk, M. L., & Schur, C. L. (2001). The effect of fear on access to care among undocumented Latino immigrants. Journal of Immigrant Health. doi: 10.1023/A:1011389105821
  • Bharat, S., Mahapatra, B., Roy, S., & Saggurti, N. (2013). Are female sex workers able to negotiate condom use with male clients? The case of mobile FSWs in four high HIV prevalence states of India. PLoS ONE. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068043
  • Bungay, V., Kolar, K., Thindal, S., Remple, V. P., Johnston, C. L., & Ogilvie, G. (2013). Community-based HIV and STI prevention in women working in indoor sex markets. Health Promotion Practice, 14(2), 247–255. doi: 10.1177/1524839912447189
  • Chen, C., Smith, P., & Mustard, C. (2010). The prevalence of over-qualification and its association with health status among occupationally active new immigrants to Canada. Ethnicity & Health, 15(6), 601–619. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2010.502591
  • Dawson, C. (2016). In plain sight: Documenting immigration detention in Canada. Migration, Mobility, & Displacement, 2(2), 126. doi: 10.18357/mmd22201615451
  • Decker, M. R., McCauley, H. L., Phuengsamran, D., Janyam, S., Seage, G. R., & Silverman, J. G. (2010). Violence victimisation, sexual risk and sexually transmitted infection symptoms among female sex workers in Thailand. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86(3), 236–240. doi: 10.1136/sti.2009.037846
  • Deering, K. N., Amin, A., Shoveller, J., Nesbitt, A., Garcia-Moreno, C., Duff, P., … Shannon, K. (2014). A systematic review of the correlates of violence against sex workers. American Journal of Public Health, 104(5), e42–e54. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301909
  • Dias, S., Gama, A., Pingarilho, M., Simões, D., & Mendão, L. (2017). Health services use and HIV prevalence among migrant and national female sex workers in Portugal: Are we providing the services needed? AIDS and Behavior, 21(8), 2316–2321. doi: 10.1007/s10461-016-1511-x
  • Fakoya, I., Reynolds, R., Caswell, G., & Shiripinda, I. (2008). Barriers to HIV testing for migrant black Africans in Western Europe. HIV Medicine. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00587.x
  • Febres-Cordero, B., Brouwer, K. C., Rocha-Jimenez, T., Fernandez-Casanueva, C., Morales-Miranda, S., Goldenberg, S. M., & Clark Jesse L. (2018). Influence of peer support on HIV/STI prevention and safety amongst international migrant sex workers: A qualitative study at the Mexico-Guatemala border. PLOS ONE, 13(1), e0190787. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190787
  • Global Network of Sex Work Projects. (2018). The impact of “end demand” legislation on women sex workers - policy brief. Retrieved from http://www.nswp.org/
  • Goldenberg, S. M., Brouwer, K. C., Rocha Jimenez, T., Morales Miranda, S., Rivera Mindt, M., & Paraskevis D. (2016). Enhancing the ethical conduct of HIV research with migrant sex workers: Human rights, policy, and social contextual influences. PLoS ONE, 11(5), e0155048. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155048
  • Goldenberg, S. M., Deering, K., Amram, O., Guillemi, S., Nguyen, P., Montaner, J., & Shannon, K. (2017). Community mapping of sex work criminalization and violence: Impacts on HIV treatment interruptions among marginalized women living with HIV in Vancouver, Canada. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 0(0), 095646241668568. doi: 10.1177/0956462416685683
  • Goldenberg, S. M., Krüsi, A., Zhang, E., Chettiar, J., Shannon, K., & Caylà, J. A. (2017). Structural determinants of health among im/migrants in the indoor sex industry: Experiences of workers and managers/owners in metropolitan Vancouver. PLOS ONE, 12(1), e0170642. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170642
  • Goldenberg, S. M., Krusi, A., Zhang, E., Chettiar, J., & Shannon, K. (2017). Structural determinants of health among im/migrants in the indoor sex industry: Experiences of workers and managers/owners in metropolitan Vancouver. PloS One, 1–19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170642
  • Goldenberg, S. M., Rocha Jiménez, T., Brouwer, K. C., Morales Miranda, S., & Silverman, J. G. (2018). Influence of indoor work environments on health, safety, and human rights among migrant sex workers at the Guatemala-Mexico Border: A call for occupational health and safety interventions. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 18(1), 9. doi: 10.1186/s12914-018-0149-3
  • Goldring, L., Berinstein, C., & Bernhard, J. K. (2009). Institutionalizing precarious migratory status in Canada. Citizenship Studies, 13(3), 239–265. doi: 10.1080/13621020902850643
  • Goldring, L., & Landolt, P. (2011). Caught in the work-citizenship matrix: The lasting effects of precarious legal status on work for Toronto immigrants. Globalizations. doi: 10.1080/14747731.2011.576850
  • Government of Canada. (2017). 2017 annual report to parliament on immigration - Canada.ca. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/publications-manuals/annual-report-parliament-immigration-2017.html
  • Government of Canada. (2018). Immigration and Refugee protection regulations. Retrieved from http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
  • Gülcür, L., & Ilkkaracan, P. (2012). The ‘natasha’ experience: Migrant sex workers from the former Soviet union and eastern Europe in Turkey. In Deconstructing Sexuality in the Middle East: Challenges and Discourses. (pp. 199–214). Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
  • Hasstedt, K. (2013). Toward equity and access: Removing legal barriers to health insurance coverage for immigrants. Guttmacher Policy Review, 16(1), 2–8. Retrieved from http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/16/1/gpr160102.html
  • Holmes, S. (2013). Fresh fruit, broken bodies. In Migrant farmworkers in the United States.
  • International Labour Organization. 2019. Convention C190 - violence and harassment convention 2019 (No. 190)., Pub. L. No. 190.
  • Kalich, A., Heinemann, L., & Ghahari, S. (2016). A scoping review of immigrant experience of health care access barriers in Canada. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18, 697–709. doi: 10.1007/s10903-015-0237-6
  • Kempadoo, K., & Doezema, J. (1998). Introduction: Globalizing sex workers’ rights’. In Global sex workers: Rights, resistance and redefinition.
  • Kriitmaa, K., Testa, A., Osman, M., Bozicevic, I., Riedner, G., Malungu, J., … Abdalla, I. (2010). HIV prevalence and characteristics of sex work among female sex workers in Hargeisa, Somaliland, Somalia. Aids (london, England), 24(Suppl. 2). doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000386735.87177.2a
  • Lam, E. (2016). Inspection, policing, and racism : How municipal by-laws endanger the lives of Chinese sex workers in Toronto. Canadian Review of Social Policy, 75, 87–112.
  • Lam, E. (2018). Behind the rescue: How anti-trafficking investigations and policies harm migrant sex workers. Toronto.
  • Lam, E. (2019). Shutting down massage parlours: Anti-trafficking, or Anti-migration? Law and Society Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.
  • Le, A. T., & Miller, P. W. (2010). Glass ceiling and double disadvantage effects: Women in the US labour market. Applied Economics, 42(5), 603–613. doi: 10.1080/00036840701704501
  • Le Bail, H., & Giametta, C. (2018, April). What do sex workers think about the French prostitution act? A Study on the impact of the law from 13 April 2016 Against the “Prostitution System” in France. Retrieved from https://www.medecinsdumonde.org/sites/default/files/ENGLISH-Synthèse-Rapport-prostitution-BD.PDF
  • Levy, J., & Jakobsson, P. (2014). Sweden’s abolitionist discourse and law: Effects on the dynamics of Swedish sex work and on the lives of Sweden’s sex workers. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 14(5), 593–607. doi: 10.1177/1748895814528926
  • Lucchini, R. G., & London, L. (2014). Global occupational health: Current challenges and the need for urgent action. Annals of Global Health. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2014.09.006
  • Maldonado, G., & Greenland, S. (1993). Simulation study of confounder-selection strategies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 138(11), 923–936. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116813
  • McBride, B. (2019). HIV/STI outcomes, access to HIV/STI and SRH services, and sexual risk among im/migrant women sex workers: A systematic review of the literature. Vancouver.
  • McBride, B., Goldenberg, S. M., Murphy, A., Wu, S., Braschel, M., Krüsi, A., & Shannon, K. (2019). Third parties (venue owners, managers, security, etc.) and access to occupational health and safety among sex workers in a Canadian setting: 2010–2016. American Journal of Public Health, e1–e7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.304994
  • McBride, B., & Murphy, A. (2019). Harms of third party criminalization on working conditions for indoor sex workers in the post-PCEPA era. Law and Society Association Annual Meeting, Washington DC.
  • McBride, B., Shannon, K., Duff, P., Mo, M., Braschel, M., & Goldenberg, S. M. (2019). Harms of workplace inspections for im/migrant sex workers in in-call establishments: Enhanced barriers to health access in a Canadian setting. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 0(0), 0. doi: 10.1007/s10903-019-00859-9
  • Mc Grath-Lone, L., Marsh, K., Hughes, G., & Ward, H. (2014). The sexual health of male sex workers in England: Analysis of cross-sectional data from genitourinary medicine clinics: Table 1. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 90(1), 38–40. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051320
  • McGrath, N., Hosegood, V., Newell, M. L., & Eaton, J. W. (2015). Migration, sexual behaviour, and HIV risk: A general population cohort in rural South Africa. The Lancet HIV. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00045-4
  • Migrant Rights Network. (2018). Migrant rights network general presentation. Retrieved from https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/12vqNJGCc1cH5I1UNnZk6glj4EZ4aRG51kPtXiXYdjrY/edit#slide=id.g59ec818529_0_70
  • Moyce, S. C., & Schenker, M. (2018). Migrant workers and their occupational health and safety. SSRN. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013714
  • Nandi, A., Galea, S., Lopez, G., Nandi, V., Strongarone, S., & Ompad, D. C. (2008). Access to and use of health services among undocumented Mexican immigrants in a US urban area. American Journal of Public Health. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.096222
  • Nelson, A. J., Hausbeck Korgan, K., Izzo, A. M., & Bessen, S. Y. (2019). Client desires and the price of seduction: Exploring the relationship between independent escorts’ marketing and rates. Journal of Sex Research. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1606885
  • NSWP. (2018). Migrant sex workers briefing paper. Retrieved from https://www.nswp.org/sites/nswp.org/files/briefing_paper_migrant_sex_workers_nswp_-_2017.pdf
  • Pacific AIDS Network. (n.d.). SWAN Vancouver presents chocolate and chicken bones photovoice exhibit - pacific AIDS network. Retrieved from website https://pacificaidsnetwork.org/2019/01/25/swan-vancouver-presents-chocolate-and-chicken-bones-photovoice-exhibit/
  • Parliament of Canada. 2014. Government bill (house of commons) C-36 (41-2) - royal assent - protection of communities and exploited persons act.
  • Pérez, E. R., Benavides, F. G., Levecque, K., Love, J. G., Felt, E., & Van Rossem, R. (2012). Differences in working conditions and employment arrangements among migrant and non-migrant workers in Europe. Ethnicity and Health. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2012.730606
  • PION. (2017). The convention to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women 2017 forms of discrimination against women 2017 - A shadow report by PION.
  • Red Edition. (2019). Sex workers in Europe Manifesto – the red edition. Retrieved from https://rededition.wordpress.com/2016/12/20/sex-workers-in-europe-manifesto/
  • Rhodes, S. D., Mann, L., Simán, F. M., Song, E., Alonzo, J., Downs, M., … Hall, M. A. (2015). The impact of local immigration enforcement policies on the health of immigrant Hispanics/Latinos in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302218
  • Shannon, K., Bright, V., Allinott, S., Alexson, D., Gibson, K., & Tyndall, M. W. (2007). Community-based HIV prevention research among substance-using women in survival sex work: The Maka project partnership. Harm Reduction Journal, 4, 20. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-4-20
  • Shannon, K., Kerr, T., Strathdee, S. A., Shoveller, J., Montaner, J. S., & Tyndall, M. W. (2009). Prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence among a prospective cohort of female sex workers. BMJ, 339. Retrieved from http://www.bmj.com.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/content/339/bmj.b2939.full
  • Shedlin, M. G., Drucker, E., Decena, C. U., Hoffman, S., Bhattacharya, G., Beckford, S., & Barreras, R. (2006). Immigration and HIV/AIDS in the New York Metropolitan area. Journal of Urban Health. doi: 10.1007/s11524-005-9006-5
  • Smith, P. M., & Mustard, C. A. (2010). The unequal distribution of occupational health and safety risks among immigrants to Canada compared to Canadian-born labour market participants: 1993-2005. Safety Science, 48(10), 1296–1303. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2010.03.020
  • Statistics Canada. (2013). Immigration and ethnocultural diversity in Canada (Vol. 99-010-X20). doi: 99-010-X2011001
  • SWAN Vancouver Society. (2015). Im/migrant sex workers, myths and misconceptions: Realities of the anti-trafficked. Retrieved from http://swanvancouver.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Realities-of-the-Anti-Trafficked.pdf
  • TAMPEP. (2019). Position paper - CEDAW. Retrieved from https://tampep.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/TAMPEP-Position-paper-CEDAW-2019.pdf
  • Trout, C. H., Dembélé, O., Diakité, D., Bougoudogo, F., Doumbia, B., Mathieu, J., … Messersmith, L. J. (2015). West African female sex workers in Mali. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 68, S221–S231. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000444
  • UNDESA. (2017). The international migration report 2017 (highlights) | multimedia library - united nations department of economic and social affairs. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/publications/international-migration-report-2017.html
  • Vuolajärvi, N. (2018). Governing in the name of caring—the nordic model of prostitution and its punitive consequences for migrants who sell sex. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1–15. doi: 10.1007/s13178-018-0338-9
  • Weine, S., Golobof, A., Bahromov, M., Kashuba, A., Kalandarov, T., Jonbekov, J., & Loue, S. (2013). Female migrant sex workers in Moscow: Gender and power factors and HIV risk. Women & Health, 53(1), 56–73. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2012.739271
  • Weine, S. M., & Kashuba, A. B. (2012). Labor migration and HIV risk: A systematic review of the literature. AIDS and Behavior, 16(6), 1605–1621. doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0183-4
  • WHO; UNFPA; UNAIDS; NSWP; World Bank; UNDP. (2013). Addressing violence against sex workers. In Implementing comprehensive HIV/STI programmes with sex workers: Practical approaches from collaborative interventions, 19–39. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/sti/sex_worker_implementation/swit_chpt2.pdf
  • Woodward, A., Howard, N., & Wolffers, I. (2014). Health and access to care for undocumented migrants living in the European Union: A scoping review. Health Policy and Planning. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czt061
  • Zermiani, M., Mengoli, C., Rimondo, C., Galvan, U., Cruciani, M., & Serpelloni, G. (2012). Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis C in a survey of female sex workers in the North-East of Italy. The Open AIDS Journal, 6(1), 60–64. doi: 10.2174/1874613601206010060
  • Zierler, S., & Krieger, N. (1997). Reframing women’s risk: Social inequalities and HIV infection. Annual Review of Public Health, 18(1), 401–436. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.401

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.