The Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS): Using VACS data to drive programmes and policies

References

• Annor, F. B., Gilbert, L. K., Davila, E. P., Massetti, G. M., Kress, H., Onotu, D., & Ogbanufe, O. (2020). Emotional violence in childhood and health conditions, risk-taking behaviors, and violence perpetration among young adults in Nigeria. Child Abuse and Neglect, 106, Article 104510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104510
   Google Scholar
• Arifiani, S. D., Handayani, S. A., Baumont, M., Bennouna, C., & Kusumaningrum, S. (2019). Assessing large-scale violence against children surveys in selected Southeast Asian countries: A scoping review. Child Abuse and Neglect, 93, 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudreau, C. L., Kress, H., Rochat, R. W., & Yount, K. M. (2018). Correlates of disclosure of sexual violence among Kenyan youth. Child Abuse and Neglect, 79, 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breiding, M. J., Mercy, J. A., Gulaid, J., Reza, A., & Hleta-Nkambule, N. (2013). A national survey of childhood physical abuse among females in Swaziland. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 3(2), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2013.02.006
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breiding, M. J., Reza, A., Gulaid, J., Blanton, C., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., Dlamini, N., & Bamrah, S. (2011). Risk factors associated with sexual violence towards girls in Swaziland. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89(3), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.10.079608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang, L. F., Chen, J., Gladden, M. R., Mercy, J., Kwesigabo, G., Mrisho, F., Dahlberg, L. L., Nyunt, M., Brookmeyer, Z., Kate, A., & Vagi, K. (2015). HIV and childhood sexual violence: Implications for sexual risk behaviors and HIV testing in Tanzania. AIDS Education and Prevention, 27(5), 474–487. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2015.27.5.474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang, L. F., Kress, H., Sumner, S. A., Gleckel, J., Kawemama, P., & Gordon, R. N. (2016). Violence against children surveys (VACS): Towards a global surveillance system. Injury Prevention, 22(Suppl 1), i17–i22. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings, S., & Hoebink, P. (2017). Representation of academics from developing countries as authors and editorial board members in scientific journals: Does this matter to the field of development studies? European Journal of Development Research, 29(2), 369–383. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-016-0002-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Veauuse Brown, N. F., Annor, F. B., Swahn, M. H., & Self-Brown, S. R. (2020). Sexual violence experience among Nigerian girls and young women: What are the roles of early sexual debut, multiple sex partnerships, and traditional gender role beliefs? Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520945676
   Google Scholar
• Devries, K., Knight, L., Petzold, M., Merrill, K. G., Maxwell, L., Williams, A., Cappa, C., Chan, K. L., Garcia-Moreno, C., Hollis, N., Kress, H., Peterman, A., Walsh, S. D., Kishor, S., Guedes, A., Bott, S., Butron Riveros, B. C., Watts, C., & Abrahams, N. (2018). Who perpetrates violence against children? A systematic analysis of age-specific and sex-specific data. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 2(1), e000180. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000180
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fan, A. Z., Kress, H., Gupta, S., Wadonda-Kabondo, N., Shawa, M., & Mercy, J. (2016). Do self-report data reflect the real burden of lifetime exposure to sexual violence among females aged 13–24 years in Malawi? Child Abuse & Neglect, 58, 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn-O’Brien, K. T., Rivara, F. P., Weiss, N. S., Lea, V. A., Marcelin, H., Vertefeuille, J., & Mercy, J. A. (2016). Prevalence of physical violence against children in Haiti: A national population-based cross-sectional survey. Child Abuse & Neglect, 51, 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatuguta, A., Merrill, K. G., Colombini, M., Soremekun, S., Seeley, J., Mwanzo, I., & Devries, K. (2018). Missed treatment opportunities and barriers to comprehensive treatment for sexual violence survivors in Kenya: A mixed methods study. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5681-5
   Google Scholar
• Hillis, S. D., Mercy, J. A., & Saul, J. R. (2017). The enduring impact of violence against children. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 22(4), 393–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2016.1153679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillis, S., Mercy, J., Amobi, A., & Kress, H. (2016). Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: A systematic review and minimum estimates. Pediatrics, 137(3), e20154079–e20154079. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-4079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le, M. T. H., Holton, S., Romero, L., & Fisher, J. (2018). Polyvictimization among children and adolescents in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(3), 323–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016659489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees, S., & Devries, K. (2018). Local narratives of sexual and other violence against children and young people in Zanzibar. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 20(1), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1332390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maternowska, M. C., & Fry, D. (2018). The multi-country study on the drivers of violence affecting children: An overview. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 13(sup1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2018.1476748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meinck, F., Fry, D., Ginindza, C., Wazny, K., Elizalde, A., Spreckelsen, T. F., Maternowska, M. C., & Dunne, M. P. (2017). Emotional abuse of girls in Swaziland: Prevalence, perpetrators, risk and protective factors and health outcomes. Journal of Global Health, 7(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.07.010410
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwangi, M. W., Kellogg, T. A., Brookmeyer, K., Buluma, R., Chiang, L., & Otieno-nyunya, B. (2015). Perpetrators and context of child sexual abuse in Kenya. Child Abuse & Neglect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.03.011
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, K. H., Kress, H., Atuchukwu, V., Onotu, D., Swaminathan, M., & Ogbanufe, O. (2018). Disclosure of sexual violence among girls and young women aged 13 to 24 years : Results from the violence against children surveys in Nigeria and Malawi. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518757225
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, K. H., Kress, H., Villaveces, A., & Massetti, G. M. (2018). Sampling design and methodology of the violence against children and youth surveys. Injury Prevention, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042916
   Google Scholar
• Palermo, T., Pereira, A., Neijhoft, N., Bello, G., Buluma, R., Diem, P., Aznar Daban, R., Fatoumata Kaloga, I., Islam, A., Kheam, T., Lund-Henriksen, B., Maksud, N., Maternowska, M. C., Potts, A., Rottanak, C., Samnang, C., Shawa, M., Yoshikawa, M., & Peterman, A. (2019). Risk factors for childhood violence and polyvictimization: A cross-country analysis from three regions. Child Abuse and Neglect, 88, 348–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.10.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramabu, N. M. (2020). The extent of child sexual abuse in Botswana: Hidden in plain sight. Heliyon, 6(4), e03815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravi, S., & Ahluwalia, R. (2017). What explains childhood violence ? Micro correlates from VACS surveys. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 22(sup1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2017.1282162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reza, A., Breiding, M. J., Gulaid, J., Mercy, J. A., Blanton, C., Mthethwa, Z., Bamrah, S., Dahlberg, L. L., & Anderson, M. (2009). Sexual violence and its health consequences for female children in Swaziland: A cluster survey study. The Lancet, 373(9679), 1966–1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60247-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rumble, L., Ramly, A. A., Nuryana, M., & Dunne, M. P. (2018). The importance of contextual factors in carrying out childhood violence surveys: A case study from Indonesia. Child Indicators Research, 11(2), 405–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9457-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seff, I., & Stark, L. (2019). A sex-disaggregated analysis of how emotional violence relates to suicide ideation in low- and middle-income countries. Child Abuse and Neglect, 93, 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommarin, C., Kilbane, T., Mercy, J. A., Moloney-Kitts, M., & Ligiero, D. P. (2014). Preventing sexual violence and HIV in children. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 66(Suppl. 2), S217–S223. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000183
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sumner, S. A., Marcelin, L. H., Cela, T., Mercy, J. A., Lea, V., Kress, H., & H, S. D. (2015). Sentinel events predicting later unwanted sex among girls: A national survey in Haiti, 2012. Child Abuse & Neglect, 50, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner, S. A., Mercy, J. A., Buluma, R., Mwangi, M. W., Marcelin, L. H., Kheam, T., Lea, V., Brookmeyer, K., Kress, H., & Hillis, S. D. (2016). Childhood sexual violence against boys: A study in 3 countries. Pediatrics, 137(5), e20153386. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner, S. A., Mercy, J. A., Saul, J., Motsa-Nzuza, N., Kwesigabo, G., Buluma, R., Marcelin, L. H., Lina, H., Shawa, M., Moloney-Kitts, M., & Kilbane, T. (2015). Prevalence of sexual violence against children and use of social services – seven countries, 2007–2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(21), 565–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedo, E. A., Sumner, S. A., Msungama, W., Massetti, G. M., Kalanda, M., Saul, J., Auld, A. F., & Hillis, S. D. (2019). Childhood violence is associated with forced sexual initiation among girls and young women in Malawi: A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Pediatrics, 208, 265–272.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.12.066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNICEF. (2014). Violence against children in Tanzania: Findings from a national survey 2009 (pp. 1–152). IBSN:9987-443-11-7.
   Google Scholar
• Vagi, K. J., Brookmeyer, K. A., Gladden, R. M., Chiang, L. F., Brooks, A., Nyunt, M., Kwesigabo, G., Mercy, J. A., & Dahlberg, L. L. (2016). Sexual violence against female and male children in the United Republic of Tanzania. Violence Against Women, 22(14), 1788–1807. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801216634466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderEnde, K., Chiang, L., Mercy, J., Shawa, M., Hamela, J., Maksud, N., Gupta, S., Wadonda-Kabondo, N., Saul, J., Gleckel, J., Kress, H., & Hillis, S. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences and HIV sexual risk-taking behaviors among young adults in Malawi. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(11), 1710–1730. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517752153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderEnde, K., Mercy, J., Shawa, M., Kalanda, M., Hamela, J., Maksud, N., Ross, B., Gupta, S., & Wadonda-Ka, N. (2016). Violent experiences in childhood are associated with men’s perpetration of intimate partner violence as a young adult: A multistage cluster survey in Malawi. Annals of Epidemiology, 26(10), 723–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2018). INSPIRE handbook: Action for implementing the seven strategies for ending violence against children. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/inspire
   Google Scholar