Mortality differences according to marital status among men and women in Kuwait

REFERENCES

• Abdul Kadir, N. B., & Bifulco, A. (2011). Vulnerability, life events and depression amongst Moslem Malaysian women: Comparing those married and those divorced or separated. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46(9), 853–862. doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0249-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hemoud, A. M., Simmons, R. J., & Al-Asfoor, M. M. (2010). Behavior and lifestyle characteristics of male Kuwaiti drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 41(4), 307–313. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2010.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behbehani, J., Shah, N., Badr, H. E., & Shah, M. (2010). “The more the Merrier”: Co-Residence and Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms among older Kuwaiti men and women. Middle East Journal of Age and Ageing, 7(2), 8–10.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Shlomo, Y., Smith, G. D., Shipley, M., & Marmot, M. G. (1993). Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 47(3), 200–205. doi:10.1136/jech.47.3.200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Zur, H. (2012). Loneliness, optimism, and well-being among married, divorced, and widowed individuals. Journal of Psychology, 146(1–2), 23–36. doi:10.1080/00223980.2010.548414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth, A., & Amato, P. (1991). Divorce and psychological stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32(4), 396–407. doi:10.2307/2137106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, R., Wei, L., Hu, Z., Qin, X., Copeland, J. R., & Hemingway, H. (2005). Depression in older people in rural China. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165(17), 2019–2025. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.17.2019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, Y. B. (2000). Marital status and mortality in British women: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 29(1), 93–99. doi:10.1093/ije/29.1.93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DV&HS. (2010). Health, Kuwait. Edition XLVII. Department of Health Information & Medical Records. Ministry of Health. State of Kuwait.
   Google Scholar
• Engstrom, G., Khan, F. A., Zia, E., Jerntorp, I., Pessah-Rasmussen, H., Norrving, B., & Janzon, L. (2004). Marital dissolution is followed by an increased incidence of stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 18(4), 318–324. doi:10.1159/000080770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, T., Cook, D. G., Victor, C., Rink, E., Mann, A. H., Shah, S., … Beighton, C. (2003). Predictors of depressive symptoms in older people--a survey of two general practice populations. Age Ageing, 32(5), 510–518. doi:10.1093/ageing/afg087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda, A., Iso, H., Toyoshima, H., Fujino, Y., Mizoue, T., Yoshimura, T., … Tamakoshi, A. (2007). Marital status and mortality among Japanese men and women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. BMC Public Health, 7, 73. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, N. J., Backlund, E., Sorlie, P. D., & Loveless, C. A. (2000). Marital status and mortality: the national longitudinal mortality study. Annals of Epidemiology, 10(4), 224–238. doi:10.1016/S1047-2797(99)00052-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalediene, R., Petrauskiene, J., & Starkuviene, S. (2007). Inequalities in mortality by marital status during socio-economic transition in Lithuania. Public Health, 121(5), 385–392. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2006.09.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malyutina, S., Bobak, M., Simonova, G., Gafarov, V., Nikitin, Y., & Marmot, M. (2004). Education, marital status, and total and cardiovascular mortality in Novosibirsk, Russia: A prospective cohort study. Annals of Epidemiology, 14(4), 244–249. doi:10.1016/S1047-2797(03)00133-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Memon, A., Moody, P. M., Sugathan, T. N., el-Gerges, N., al-Bustan, M., al-Shatti, A., & al-Jazzaf, H. (2000). Epidemiology of smoking among Kuwaiti adults: Prevalence, characteristics, and attitudes. The Bulletin of World Health Organization, 78(11), 1306–1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molloy, G. J., Stamatakis, E., Randall, G., & Hamer, M. (2009). Marital status, gender and cardiovascular mortality: Behavioural, psychological distress and metabolic explanations. Social Science & Medicine, 69(2), 223–228. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata, C., Takatsuka, N., & Shimizu, H. (2003). The impact of changes in marital status on the mortality of elderly Japanese. Annals of Epidemiology, 13(4), 218–222. doi:10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00409-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcombe, R. G. (1998). Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: Comparison of seven methods. Stat Medicine, 17(8), 857–872. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PACI. (2010, 2011). Public Authority for Civil Information: Directory of population and labour force. Kuwait: Public Authority for Civil Information.
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, O. (1993). Excess mortality for the unmarried in rural Bangladesh. International Journal of Epidemiology, 22(3), 445–456. doi:10.1093/ije/22.3.445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scafato, E., Galluzzo, L., Gandin, C., Ghirini, S., Baldereschi, M., Capurso, A., … For The Ilsa Working, G. (2008). Marital and cohabitation status as predictors of mortality: A 10-year follow-up of an Italian elderly cohort. Social Science & Medicine, 67(9), 1456–1464. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.06.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, N., Badr, H. E., & Shah, M. (2012). Foreign Live-in domestic workers as caretakers of older Kuwaiti men and women: Socio-demographic and health correlates. Ageing & Society, 32, 1008–1009. doi:10.1017/S0144686X11000778
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, N., Shah, M., & Al-Sayed, A. M. (1992–93). Quality of birth and death notifications in Kuwait. Medical Principles and Practice, 3, 102–114. doi:10.1159/000157455
   Google Scholar
• Shah, N. M., Badr, H. E., & Shah, M. (2011). The role of sociodemographic factors and chronic illness in functional disability of older Kuwaitis. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 30(5), 607–628. doi:10.1177/0733464810376513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, N. M., Badr, H. E., Yount, K., & Shah, M. A. (2011). Decline in co-residence of parents and children among older Kuwaiti men and women: What are the significant correlates?Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 26(2), 157–174. doi:10.1007/s10823-011-9138-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sibai, A. M., Yount, K. M., & Fletcher, A. (2007). Marital status, intergenerational co-residence and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older men and women during wartime in Beirut: Gains and liabilities. Social Science & Medicine, 64(1), 64–76. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staehelin, K., Schindler, C., Spoerri, A., & Zemp Stutz, E. (2012). Marital status, living arrangement and mortality: Does the association vary by gender? Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 66(7), e22. doi:10.1136/jech.2010.128397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Va, P., Yang, W. S., Nechuta, S., Chow, W. H., Cai, H., Yang, G., … Xiang, Y. B. (2011). Marital status and mortality among middle age and elderly men and women in urban Shanghai. PLoS One, 6(11), e26600. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitoft, G. R., Haglund, B., Hjern, A., & Rosen, M. (2002). Mortality, severe morbidity and injury among long-term lone mothers in Sweden. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31(3), 573–580. doi:10.1093/ije/31.3.573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2012). World Health Organization, World Health Report.
   Google Scholar