378
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Afro-Latin Carnival and the Carnivalesque in the African American Novel

Pages 295-320 | Published online: 01 Nov 2012

References

  • Aching , G . 2002 . Masking and Power: Carnival and Popular Culture in the Caribbean , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
  • Agier , M . 2000 . Anthropologie du carnaval: la ville, la fête et l’Afrique á Bahia , Paris : IRD .
  • Amado, J. (1969) Dona Flor and her Two Husbands, a Moral and Amorous Tale, trans. H. de Onís, Knopf, New York (Dona Flor e Seus Dois Maridos, Martins, São Paulo, 1966)
  • Amado, J. (1971) Tent of Miracles, trans. Barbara Shelby, Avon, New York (Tenda dos Milagres, Martins, São Paulo, 1969)
  • Armstrong , P . 1999 . The aesthetic escape hatch: the mutations of baianidade under the signs of globalization and re-Africanization . Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies , 5 ( 2 ) : 65 – 98 .
  • Armstrong , P . 2007 . Popular sovereignty, Bakhtin and the sea in Jorge Amado's religion . Studies in Latin American Popular Culture , 26 : 129 – 150 .
  • Baldwin, J. (1962) Another Country, Dial, New York
  • Bakhtin, M. (1981) The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays, trans. C. Emerson & M. Holquist, University of Texas Press, Austin
  • Bakhtin, M. (1984) Rabelais and His World, trans. H. Iswolsky, Indiana University Press, Bloomington
  • Batson , DK and Riggio , MC . 2004 . “ Trinidad carnival timeline ” . In Carnival: Culture in Action: The Trinidad Experience , Edited by: Cozart Riggio , M. 31 – 36 . New York : Routledge .
  • Besson , J . 1995 . “ Religion as resistance in Jamaican peasant life: the Baptist Church, revival worldview and Rastafari movement ” . In Rastafari and Other African-Caribbean Worldviews , Edited by: Chevannes , B. 43 – 76 . London : MacMillan .
  • Bourdieu , P and Wacquant , L . 1999 . On the cunning of imperialist reason . Theory, Culture and Society , 16 ( 1 ) : 31 – 58 .
  • Burke , P . 1978 . Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe , New York : Harper & Row .
  • Chang , C . 2004 . “ Chinese in Trinidad Carnival ” . In Carnival: Culture in Action: The Trinidad Experience , Edited by: Riggio , M. 85 – 93 . New York : Routledge .
  • Cohen , A . 1982 . A polyethnic London carnival as a contested cultural performance . Racial and Ethnic Studies , 5 ( 1 ) : 23 – 41 .
  • Da Matta, R. (1991) Carnivals, Rogues, and Heroes: An Interpretation of the Brazilian Dilemma, trans. John Drury, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame (Carnavais, Malandros e Herois: para uma Sociologia do Dilema Brasileiro, Zahar Editores, Rio de Janeiro, 1978)
  • Darío, R. (1898). ‘El triunfo de Calibán’, El Tiempo, Buenos Aires, May 20. Reprinted in R. Gullón (ed.) (1980) El Modernismo visto por los modernistas, Guadarrama, Barcelona, pp. 404–409
  • Degler , C . 1971 . Neither Black nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States , New York : Macmillan .
  • Du Bois , WEB . 1986 . The Souls of Black Folk. Writings , New York : Library of America .
  • Dunn , C . 1992 . Afro-Bahian carnival: a stage for protest . Afro-Hispanic Review , 11 ( 1–3 ) : 11 – 20 .
  • Ekman , A . 1999 . The revival of cultural celebrations in regional Sweden. Aspects of tradition and transition . Sociologia Ruralis , 39 ( 3 ) : 280 – 293 .
  • Ellison , R . 1952 . Invisible Man , New York : Random House .
  • Fraser Delgado, C. & Muñoz, J. E. (eds) (1997) Everynight Life: Culture and Dance in Latin/o America, Duke University Press, Durham, NC
  • Freyre, G. (1946) The Masters and the Slaves (Casa-grande & Senzala). A study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization, trans. Samuel Putnam, Knopf, New York (Casa-grande & Senzala. Formação da Família Brasileira sob o Regime de Economia Patriarcal, José Olympio, Rio de Janeiro, 1933)
  • Freyre , G . 1969 . Em torno do possível futuro de uma constante de cultura: a hispânica . Convivium , 8 ( 5 ) : 343 – 354 .
  • Gates , HL . 1988 . The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Gotham , KF . 2002 . Marketing Mardi Gras: commodification, spectacle and the political economy of tourism in New Orleans . Urban Studies , 39 ( 10 ) : 1735 – 1756 .
  • Green , JN . 1999 . Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-Century Brazil , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Hale , DJ . 1994 . Bakhtin In African American Literary Theory . ELH , 61 ( 2 ) : 445 – 471 .
  • Hanchard , MG . 1994 . Orpheus and Power: The Movimento Negro of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Harris , M . 1964 . Patterns of Race in the Americas , New York : Norton .
  • Hart , SM . 2003 . Magical realism in the Americas: politicised ghosts in One Hundred Years of Solitude, The House of the Spirits, and Beloved . Tesserae: Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies , 9 ( 2 ) : 115 – 123 .
  • Hepp , A and Krönert , V . 2010 . “ Religious media events: the Catholic “World Youth Day” as an example for the mediatisation and individualization of religion ” . In Media Events in a Global Age , Edited by: Couldry , N. , Hepp , A. and Krotz , F. 265 – 282 . London : Routledge .
  • Jiménez Román, M. & Flores, J. (eds) (2010) The Afro-Latin@Reader: History and Culture in the United States, Duke University Press, Durham, NC
  • Knaue , LM . 2011 . Consuming slavery, performing Cuba: ethnography, carnival and black public culture . Ethnicity and Race in a Changing World: a Review Journal , 9 ( 2 ) : 3 – 25 .
  • Le Roy Ladurie , E . 1979 . Carnival in Romans , New York : G. Braziller .
  • Maitra , A . 2011 . Hearing queerly: musings on the ethics of disco/sexuality . Continuum , 25 ( 3 ) : 375 – 396 .
  • Manning, F. E. (ed.) (1983) The Celebration of Society: Perspectives on Contemporary Cultural Performance, Bowling Green University Popular Press, Bowling Green, OH
  • McNee, M. & Lund, J. (eds) (2006) Gilberto Freyre e os Estudos Latinoamericanos, Instituto Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana, Pittsburgh, PA
  • Mignolo , W . 2005 . The Idea of Latin America , Malden , MA : Blackwell Publichers .
  • Morrison , T . 1992 . Jazz, , New York : Knopf .
  • Morrison, T. (1998). Online Interview with Time.Com, 21 January, [Online] Available at: www.time.com/time/community/transcripts/chattr012198.html; re-posted at http://tonimorrisonbio.wikispaces.com/Interview
  • Nascimento, A. do (1989) Brazil, Mixture or Massacre?: Essays in the Genocide of a Black People, Majority Press, Dover, MA (O genocídio do negro Brasileiro: processo de um racismo mascarado, Paz e Terra, Rio de Janeiro, 1978)
  • Nutini , HG . 1988 . The pre-Hispanic component of the syncretic cult of the dead in Mesoamerica . Ethnology , 27 ( 1 ) : 57 – 78 .
  • Ortiz, F. (1947) Cuban counterpoint; tobacco and sugar, trans. Harriet de Onís, A. A. Knopf, New York (Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar: advertencia de sus contrastes agrarios, económicos, históricos y sociales, su etnografía y su tranculturación, J. Montero, La Habana, 1940)
  • Our Literal Speed (2010) ‘Words, gestures, complicities, or the fusion of entertainment and enlightenment’ [review of The Invisible Committee (2009) The Coming Insurrection. Semiotext(e): Los Angeles], Oxford Art Journal, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 387–389
  • Pierson , D . 1942 . Negroes in Brazil, a Study of Race Contact at Bahia , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Pinho , P . 2008 . African-American roots tourism in Brazil . Latin American Perspectives , 35 ( 3 ) : 70 – 86 .
  • Queiroz , M. I. P. de . 1992 . Carnaval brasileiro – o vivido e o mito , São Paulo : Brasiliense .
  • Ribeiro, D. (2000) The Brazilian People: The Formation and Meaning of Brazil, trans. G. Rabassa, University Press of Florida, Gainesville (O povo brasileiro. A formação e o sentido do Brasil, Companhia das Letras, São Paulo, 1995)
  • Rodó, J. E. (1922) Ariel, trans. F. J. Stimson, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA (Ariel, Imprensa de Dornaleche y Reyes, Montevideo, 1900)
  • Ruiz , TF . 2001 . Spanish Society , Harlow : Longman .
  • Sankeralli , B . 2004 . “ Indian presence in carnival ” . In Carnival: Culture in Action: The Trinidad Experience , Edited by: Riggio , M. 76 – 84 . New York : Routledge .
  • Sansone , L . 2003 . Blackness without Ethnicity: Constructing Race in Brazil , New York : Palgrave Macmillan .
  • Schechner , R . 2004 . “ Carnival (theory) after Bakhtin ” . In Carnival: Culture in Action: The Trinidad Experience , Edited by: Cozart Riggio , M. 3 – 11 . New York : Routledge .
  • Shinn , CA . 2002 . Masquerade, magic, and carnival in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man . African American Review , 36 ( 2 ) : 1062 – 4783 .
  • Smith , AD . 1994 . Twilight – Los Angeles, 1992 on the Road: A Search for American Character , New York : Anchor Books .
  • Soihet , R . 1999 . A Subversão pelo riso: estudo sobre o carnaval carioca da Belle Époque ao tempo de Vargas , Rio de Janeiro : Fundação Getulio Vargas .
  • Stewart , J . 1969 . “ Patronage and control in the Trinidad carnival ” . In The Anthropology of Experience , Edited by: Turner , V. and Bruner , E. 289 – 315 . Chicago : University of Illinois Press .
  • Tally , J . 2001 . The Story of Jazz: Toni Morrison's Dialogic Imagination , Hamburg : Lit Verlag .
  • Tannenbaum , F . 1947 . Slave and Citizen: The Negro in the Americas , New York : A. A. Knopf .
  • Telles , E . 2004 . Race in another America: The Significance of Skin Color in Brazil , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Thomas , DA . 2004 . Modern Blackness: Nationalism, Globalization, and the Politics of Culture in Jamaica , Durham , NC : Duke University Press .
  • Turner , V . 1969 . The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure , Chicago : Aldine Pub. Co. .
  • Turner , V . 1987 . “ Carnival, ritual and play in Rio de Janeiro ” . In Time out of Time: Essays on the Festival , Edited by: Falassi , A. 74 – 90 . Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press .
  • Urry , J . 2002 . The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. , 2nd , London; Newbury Park , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Vasconcelos, J. (1997) The Cosmic Race: a Bilingual Edition, trans. D. T. Jaén. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD (La raza cósmica; misión de la raza iberoamericana; notas de viajes a la América del Sur, Agencia Mundial de Librería, Barcelona, 1925)
  • Wade , P . 1993 . Blackness and Race Mixture: The Dynamics of Racial Identity in Colombia , Baltimore , MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Walcott , D . 1998 . “ The garden path: V.S. Naipaul ” . In What the Twilight Says: Essays , 121 – 133 . New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux .
  • Walcott . 1970 . “ What the twilight says: an overture ” . In Dream on Monkey Mountain , 3 – 40 . New York : Farrar . 1970
  • West , MO . 1999 . Like a river: the Million Man March and the black nationalist tradition in the United States . Journal of Historical Sociology , 12 ( 1 ) : 81 – 100 .
  • Whitten , NE and Torres , A . 1998 . “ General introduction: to forge the future in the fires of the past: an interpretive essay on racism, domination, resistance, and liberation ” . In Blackness in Latin America and the Caribbean: Social Dynamics and Cultural Transformations , Edited by: Whitten , N. E. and Torres , A. 3 – 31 . Bloomington : Indiana University Press .
  • Wilson , P . 1973 . Crab Antics: The Social Anthropology of English-speaking Negro Societies of the Caribbean , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
  • Wright, R. (1940) Native Son, Harper, New York
  • Yelvington , KA . 2001 . The Anthropology of Afro-Latin America and the Caribbean: Diasporic Dimensions . Annual Review of Anthropology , 30 : 227 – 260 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.