Navigating the Cultural Marketplace: Negotiating the Folk in Trinidadian Performance

References

• Aching , G . 2002 . Masking and Power: Carnival and Popular Culture in the Caribbean , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ahye , M . 1983 . Cradle of Caribbean Dance: Beryl McBurnie and the Little Carib Theatre , Trinidad : Heritage Cultures, Petit Valley .
   Google Scholar
• Bagoo, A. (2010) ‘NAPA tragedy,’ Newsday, 14 March, [Online] http://www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,117279.html (http://www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,117279.html)
   Google Scholar
• Best Village Division . 2004 . The Best Village Story: A Historical Perspective , Sport and Consumer Affairs, Port of Spain, Trinidad : Mnistry of Community Empowerment .
   Google Scholar
• Bettelheim , J and Nunley , J . 1988 . Caribbean Festival Arts: Each and Every Bit of Difference, StLouis Art Museum , St. Louis : University of Washington Press .
   Google Scholar
• Blood, Peter Ray (2005) ‘TTT,’ Trinidad Guardian, 14 January, [Online] http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2005-01-14/pulse.html (http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2005-01-14/pulse.html)
   Google Scholar
• Césaire , A . 2000 . Discourse on Colonialism , New York : Monthly Review Press . [1950])
   Google Scholar
• Cheah , P . 2003 . Spectral Nationality: Passages of Freedom from Kant to Postcolonial Literatures of Liberation , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cowley , J . 1996 . Traditions Carnival, Canboulay and Calypso in the Making , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Craig , S. E . 1974 . Community Development in Trinidad & Tobago: 1943–1973, From Welfare to Patronage, University of West Indies, Institute of Social and Economic Research, St , Trinidad : Augustine .
   Google Scholar
• Elder , J. D . 1988 . African Survivals in Trinidad and Tobago , London : Karia Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fanon , F . 2004 . The Wretched of the Earth , New York : Grove Press . [1961])
   Google Scholar
• Fullerton , N. 2004 . Personal interview Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Fullerton , N. 20 March 2004 . Interview by author, MP3 recording 20 March , Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E . 1959 . The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life , New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Guilbault , J . 2007 . Governing Sound: The Cultural Politics of Trinidad's Carnival Musics , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harney , S. 1996 . Nationalism and Identity: Culture and the Imagination in a Caribbean Diaspora , London : Zed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Hinds , A. 13 April 1997 . “ Standing firm for culture ” . In Sunday Guardian 13 April , 3
   Google Scholar
• Hill , E . 1972 . The Trinidad Carnival: Mandate for a National Theatre , Austin : University of Texas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ho , C and Nurse , K , eds. 2005 . Globalisation, Diaspora and Caribbean Popular Culture , Kingston : Ian Randle Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Kelley , R . 1992 . Notes on deconstructing “the folk” . American Historical Review , 97 ( 5 ) : 1402 – 1408 .
   Google Scholar
• Khan , A . 2007 . Good to think?: creolization, optimism, and agency . Current Anthropology , 48 ( 5 ) : 653 – 673 .
   Google Scholar
• Kraut , A . 2008 . Choreographing the Folk: The Dance Stagings of Zora Neale Hurston , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• London , C . 1991 . Forging a cultural identity: leadership and development in mass education in a developing Caribbean country . Journal of Black Studies , 21 ( 3 ) : 251 – 267 .
   Google Scholar
• Lucien , M. 2004 . Personal interview Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Lucien , M. 12 January 2004 . Interview by author, MP3 recording 12 January , Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Lovelace , E. 2003 . Growing in the Dark: Selected Essays , Edited by: Aiyejina , Funso . Trinidad : Lexicon Trinidad Ltd, San Juan .
   Google Scholar
• Kraut , A . 2008 . Choreographing the Folk: The Dance Stagings of Zora Neale Hurston , London : Macmillan Caribbean .
   Google Scholar
• Mahadeo , T. 2004 . Personal interview Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Mahadeo , T. 15 March 2004 . Interview by author, MP3 recording 15 March , Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Manuel , P . 1998 . Chutney and Indo-Trinidadian cultural identity . Popular Music , 17 ( 1 ) : 21 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , N . 1992 . Best Village Folk Concerts and Folk Fair: The Cultural Expression of Trinidad & Tobago and its Attempt to Achieve its Full Potential, Thesis (MA), University of the West Indies, St , Trinidad : Augustine .
   Google Scholar
• McFarlane-Alvarez, S. (2004) ‘The quest for national identity and visual sovereignty in Trinidad and Tobago television advertising,’ Advertising & Society Review, vol. 5, no. 3, [Online] http://muse.jhu.edu.turing. library.northwestern.edu/journals/asr/v005/5.3mcfarlane_alvarez.html (http://muse.jhu.edu.turing. library.northwestern.edu/journals/asr/v005/5.3mcfarlane_alvarez.html)
   Google Scholar
• McWilliams , L. 2004 . Personal interview Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• McWilliams , L. 7 April 2004 . Interview by author, MP3 recording 7 April , Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed , P . 2002 . Gender Negotiations Among Indians in Trinidad, 1917–1947 , London : Palgrave in Association with the Institute of Social Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Munasinghe , V . 2001 . Redefining the nation: the East Indian struggle for inclusion in Trinidad . Journal of Asian American Studies , 4 ( 1 ) : 1 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Nettleford , R . 1993 . Inward Stretch, Outward Reach: Voice from the Caribbean , London : Macmillan Caribbean .
   Google Scholar
• Nettleford , R . 2003 . Caribbean Cultural Identity: The Case of Jamaica: an Essay in Cultural Dynamics , Kingston : Ian Randle Publishers . [1978])
   Google Scholar
• Niranjana , T . 2006 . Mobilizing India: Women, Music and Migration between India and Trinidad , Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nurse , K . 1999 . Globalization and Trinidad carnival: diaspora, hybridity, and identity in global culture . Cultural Studies , 13 ( 4 ) : 661 – 690 .
   Google Scholar
• Ong , A . 2006 . Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty , Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Peters, R. (2007) ‘Machel exhibits a higher definition,’ Trinidad Guardian, 30 March [Online] http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2007-03-30/entertain2.html (http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2007-03-30/entertain2.html)
   Google Scholar
• Pierre , C . 1980 . The Effects of the Prime Minister's Best Village Competition on the Village of Morne Diable, Thesis (MA), University of the West Indies, St , Trinidad : Augustine .
   Google Scholar
• Puri , S . 2003 . Beyond resistance: notes toward a new Caribbean cultural studies . Small Axe , vol.14 ( 1 ) : 23 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Puri , S . 2004 . The Caribbean Postcolonial: Social Equality, Post-Nationalism, and Cultural Hybridity , New York : Palgrave MacMillan .
   Google Scholar
• Ramchand , K . 1970 . The West Indian Novel and its Background , London : Faber & Faber .
   Google Scholar
• Ramdwar, C.H. (1997) ‘Multiracial Identities in Trinidad and Guyana: Exaltation and Ambiguity,’ Latin American Issues 13.4, [Online] http://webpub.allegheny.edu/group/LAS/LatinAmIssues/Articles/LAI_vol_13_section_IV.html (http://webpub.allegheny.edu/group/LAS/LatinAmIssues/Articles/LAI_vol_13_section_IV.html)
   Google Scholar
• Ramoutar , O. 2004 . Personal interview Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Ramoutar , Oma . 2004 . Interview by author, MP3 recording, Trinidad, 24 March . Shiv Shakti Dancers ,
   Google Scholar
• Ramsundar , M . 2002 . Ganges meets the Nile . Chutney Star , 7 ( 22 ) : 4
   Google Scholar
• Reddock , R . 1999 . ‘Jahaji Bhai: The Emergence of a Dougla Poetics in Trinidad and Tobago . Identities , 5 ( 4 ) : 569 – 601 .
   Google Scholar
• Rohlehr , G . 1997 . The culture of Williams: context, performance, legacy . Callaloo , 20 ( 4 ) : 849 – 888 .
   Google Scholar
• Rudder , D . 1999 . Ganges and the Nile,’ International Chantuelle, CD, Lypsoland CR 029 , Pelham Goddard and David Rudder. Trinidad : Arranged by Wayne Bruno .
   Google Scholar
• Salickram , M. 2003 . Personal interview Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Salickram , M. January 10 2004 . Interview by author, MP3 recording January 10 , Trinidad [YEAR SHOULD BE 2004, NOT 2003]
   Google Scholar
• Salickram , M. 6 March 2004 . Interview by author 6 March , Trinidad
   Google Scholar
• Sang , J . 1999 . The Prime Minister's Best Village Competition . Caribbean Issues: A Journal of Caribbean Affairs , 8 ( 2 ) : 17 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Scher , P . 2002 . Copyright heritage: preservation, carnival and the state in Trinidad . Anthropological Quarterly , 75 ( 3 ) : 453 – 484 .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , J. C . 1992 . Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shay , A . 2002 . Choreographic Politics: State Folk Dance Companies, Representation, and Power , Middletown, CT : Wesleyan University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd , A . 2002 . ‘Unity in their dance . Trinidad Express , : 23 2 January,
   Google Scholar
• Small, Essiba. (2005) ‘Farewell, old friend,’ Trinidad Guardian, 13 January, [Online] http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2005-01-13/features1.html (http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2005-01-13/features1.html)
   Google Scholar
• Smart , I. and Nehusi , K. 2000 . Ah Come Back Home: Perspectives on the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival , Trinidad : Original World Press, Port of Spain .
   Google Scholar
• Steumpfle , S . 1995 . The Steelband Movement: The Forging of a National Art in Trinidad and Tobago , Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , D . 2004 . Modern blackness: Nationalism, Globalization, and the Politics of Culture in Jamaica , Durham : Duke University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, M. (2009) ‘Freshwater,’ Makeda Thomas: Roots & Wings Movement, [Online] http://makedathomas.org/FRESHWATER.aspx (http://makedathomas.org/FRESHWATER.aspx)
   Google Scholar
• Trinidad & Tobago Entertainment Industry Coalition . March 6 2006 . Letter to THE HONOURABLE PRIME MINISTER, MINISTER OF CULTURE, AND CHAIRMAN CALDER HART from A group of concerned cultural stakeholders from every medium that have come together at various times in the past to intervene in National cultural matters for the good of the Arts and the good of the Country March 6 , Sourced from TTARTS listserv, Digest Number 918, Accessed 23 March 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Ulysse , G . 2007 . Downtown Ladies: Informal Commercial Importers, a Haitian Anthropologist and Self-Making in Jamaica , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Van Konigsbruggen , P . 1997 . Trinidad Carnival: A Quest for National Identity , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Walcott , D . 1998 . What the Twilite Says: Essays , New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux .
   Google Scholar
• Warner , K . 2000 . On Location: Caribbean Film in the Anglophone Caribbean , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Warner-Lewis , M . 1991 . Guinea's Other Suns: The African Dynamic in Trinidad Culture , Dover, MA : TheMajority Press .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , R . 1973 . Base and superstructure in Marxist cultural theory . New Left Review , 82 ( 1 ) : 3 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Worrell , S. 1994 . Best Village Folk Concert Competition: Assessment of its Growth and its Impact on Cultural Development in Trinidad & Tobago , Trinidad : University of the West Indies, St.Augustine . Thesis (MA)
   Google Scholar
• Wynter , S . 1970 . Jonkonnu in Jamaica toward an interpretation of folk dance as a cultural process . Jamaica Journal , 4 ( 2 ) : 34 – 48 .
   Google Scholar