164
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

A review on the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery in the management of obesity

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 435-446 | Received 09 Aug 2021, Accepted 03 Aug 2022, Published online: 10 Aug 2022

References

  • Ansari S, Haboubi H, Haboubi N. Adult obesity complications: challenges and clinical impact. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2020;11:2042018820934955.
  • Hecker J, Freijer K, Hiligsmann M, et al. Burden of disease study of overweight and obesity; the societal impact in terms of cost-of-illness and health-related quality of life. BMC Public Health. 2022 Jan 7;22(1):46.
  • Kheniser K, Saxon DR, Kashyap SR. Long-term weight loss strategies for obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jun 16; 106(7):1854–1866.
  • Nguyen NT, Varela JE. Bariatric surgery for obesity and metabolic disorders: state of the art. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Mar;14(3):160–169.
  • Sjostrom L, Peltonen M, Jacobson P, et al. Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events. JAMA. 2012 Jan 4;307(1):56–65.
  • Sjostrom L, Gummesson A, Sjostrom CD, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish obese subjects study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial. Lancet Oncol. 2009 Jul;10(7):653–662.
  • Sjostrom L, Peltonen M, Jacobson P, et al. Association of bariatric surgery with long-term remission of type 2 diabetes and with microvascular and macrovascular complications. JAMA. 2014. Jun. 11;311(22):2297–2304.
  • Carlsson LMS, Sjoholm K, Jacobson P, et al. Life expectancy after bariatric surgery in the Swedish obese subjects study. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 15;383(16):1535–1543.
  • Akalestou E, Miras AD, Rutter GA, et al. Mechanisms of weight loss after obesity surgery. Endocr Rev. 2022 Jan 12;43(1):19–34.
  • Thomopoulos T, Podetta M, Studer AS, et al. Efficiency of laparoscopic one-Step revision of failed adjusted gastric banding to gastric sleeve: a retrospective review of 101 consecutive patients. Obes Surg. 2019 Dec;29(12):3868–3873.
  • Olbers T, Lonroth H, Fagevik-Olsen M, et al. Laparoscopic gastric bypass: development of technique, respiratory function, and long-term outcome. Obes Surg. 2003 Jun;13(3):364–370.
  • Brethauer SA, Hammel JP, Schauer PR. Systematic review of sleeve gastrectomy as staging and primary bariatric procedure. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2009 Jul-Aug;5(4):469–475.
  • Burton PR, Brown WA. The mechanism of weight loss with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: induction of satiety not restriction. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Sep;35(S3):S26–30.
  • Wharton S, Lau DCW, Vallis M, et al. Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2020 Aug 4;192(31):E875–E891.
  • Arterburn DE, Telem DA, Kushner RF, et al. Benefits and risks of bariatric surgery in adults: a review. JAMA. 2020 Sep 1;324(9):879–887.
  • Sheng B, Truong K, Spitler H, et al. The long-Term effects of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes remission, microvascular and macrovascular complications, and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg. 2017 Oct;27(10):2724–2732.
  • Billeter AT, Scheurlen KM, Probst P, et al. Meta-analysis of metabolic surgery versus medical treatment for microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Surg. 2018 Feb;105(3):168–181.
  • Chen X, Zhang J, Zhou Z. The effects of metabolic surgery on microvascular complications in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2021 Feb;17(2):434–443.
  • Hussain S, Khan MS, Jamali MC, et al. Impact of bariatric surgery in reducing macrovascular complications in severely obese T2DM patients. Obes Surg. 2021 May;31(5):1929–1936.
  • Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, et al. Metabolic surgery versus conventional medical therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: 10-year follow-up of an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):293–304.
  • Courcoulas AP, Gallagher JW, Neiberg RH, et al. Bariatric surgery vs lifestyle intervention for diabetes treatment: 5-Year outcomes from a randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Mar 1;105(3):866–876.
  • Parikh M, Chung M, Sheth S, et al. Randomized pilot trial of bariatric surgery versus intensive medical weight management on diabetes remission in type 2 diabetic patients who do NOT meet NIH criteria for surgery and the role of soluble RAGE as a novel biomarker of success. Ann Surg. 2014 Oct;260(4):617–624; discussion 622–4.
  • Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP, et al. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes - 5-year outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2017 Feb 16;376(7):641–651.
  • Wentworth JM, Playfair J, Laurie C, et al. Multidisciplinary diabetes care with and without bariatric surgery in overweight people: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Jul; 2(7):545–552.
  • Courcoulas AP, Gallagher JW, Neiberg RH, et al. Bariatric surgery vs lifestyle intervention for diabetes treatment: 5-year outcomes from a randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Mar 1;105(3):866–876.
  • Hofso D, Fatima F, Borgeraas H, et al. Gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes (Oseberg): a single-centre, triple-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Dec;7(12):912–924.
  • Perez-Pevida B, Escalada J, Miras AD, et al. Mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes remission after metabolic surgery. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:641.
  • Singh P, Adderley NJ, Hazlehurst J, et al. Prognostic models for predicting remission of diabetes following bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2021 Nov;44(11):2626–2641.
  • Dicker D, Greenland P, Leibowitz M, et al. All-cause mortality of patients with and without diabetes following bariatric surgery: comparison to non-surgical matched patients. Obes Surg. 2021 Feb;31(2):755–762.
  • Syn NL, Cummings DE, Wang LZ, et al. Association of metabolic-bariatric surgery with long-term survival in adults with and without diabetes: a one-stage meta-analysis of matched cohort and prospective controlled studies with 174 772 participants. Lancet. 2021 May 15;397(10287):1830–1841.
  • Grewal G, Joshi GP. Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea in the ambulatory patient. Anesthesiol Clin. 2019 Jun;37(2):215–224.
  • Saunders KH, Igel LI, Tchang BG. Surgical and nonsurgical weight loss for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2020 Jun;53(3):409–420.
  • Tham KW, Lee PC, Lim CH. Weight management in obstructive sleep apnea: medical and surgical options. Sleep Med Clin. 2019 Mar;14(1):143–153.
  • Ashrafian H, Toma T, Rowland SP, et al. Bariatric surgery or non-Surgical weight loss for obstructive sleep apnoea? A systematic review and comparison of meta-analyses. Obes Surg. 2015 Jul;25(7):1239–1250.
  • Greenburg DL, Lettieri CJ, Eliasson AH. Effects of surgical weight loss on measures of obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2009 Jun;122(6):535–542.
  • Wong AM, Barnes HN, Joosten SA, et al. The effect of surgical weight loss on obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2018 Dec;42:85–99.
  • Yilmaz Kara B, Kalcan S, Ozyurt S, et al. Weight Loss as the first-Line therapy in patients with severe obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: the role of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg. 2021 Mar;31(3):1082–1091.
  • Currie AC, Kaur V, Carey I, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea remission following bariatric surgery: a national registry cohort study. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2021 Sep;17(9):1576–1582.
  • Furlan SF, Drager LF, Santos RN, et al. Three-year effects of bariatric surgery on obstructive sleep apnea in patients with obesity grade 1 and 2: a sub-analysis of the GATEWAY trial. Int J Obes. 2021 Apr;45(4):914–917.
  • Chang SH, Stoll CR, Song J, et al. The effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, 2003-2012. JAMA Surg. 2014 Mar;149(3):275–287.
  • Ricci C, Gaeta M, Rausa E, et al. Long-term effects of bariatric surgery on type II diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression study with 5-year follow-up. Obes Surg. 2015 Mar;25(3):397–405.
  • Climent E, Oliveras A, Pedro-Botet J, et al. Bariatric surgery and hypertension. J Clin Med. 2021 Sep 7;10(18):4049.
  • van Veldhuisen SL, Gorter TM, van Woerden G, et al. Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022 Mar 4;43(20):1955–1969.
  • Mentias A, Aminian A, Youssef D, et al. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes after bariatric surgery in the medicare population. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Apr 19;79(15):1429–1437.
  • Doumouras AG, Wong JA, Paterson JM, et al. Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with obesity and cardiovascular disease:: a population-Based retrospective cohort study. Circulation. 2021 Apr 13;143(15):1468–1480.
  • Albaugh VL, Kindel TL, Nissen SE, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction following metabolic and bariatric surgery. Surg Clin North Am. 2021 Apr;101(2):269–294.
  • Ashrafian H, le Roux CW, Darzi A, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular function. Circulation. 2008 Nov 11;118(20):2091–2102.
  • Williams DB, Hagedorn JC, Lawson EH, et al. Gastric bypass reduces biochemical cardiac risk factors. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2007 Jan-Feb;3(1):8–13.
  • Castagneto-Gissey L, Casella-Mariolo J, Casella G, et al. Obesity surgery and cancer: what are the unanswered questions? Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:213.
  • Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, et al. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):569–578.
  • Schauer DP, Feigelson HS, Koebnick C, et al. Bariatric surgery and the risk of cancer in a large multisite cohort. Ann Surg. 2019 Jan;269(1):95–101.
  • Zhang K, Luo Y, Dai H, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer risk: evidence from meta-analysis. Obes Surg. 2020 Apr;30(4):1265–1272.
  • Afshar S, Kelly SB, Seymour K, et al. The effects of bariatric surgery on colorectal cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg. 2014 Oct;24(10):1793–1799.
  • Mackenzie H, Markar SR, Askari A, et al. Obesity surgery and risk of cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Nov;105(12):1650–1657.
  • Christou NV, Lieberman M, Sampalis F, et al. Bariatric surgery reduces cancer risk in morbidly obese patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2008 Nov-Dec;4(6):691–695.
  • Davidson LE, Adams TD. Does bariatric surgery increase or reduce colorectal cancer risk-is the Jury still out? JAMA Surg. 2020 May 1; 155(5):402–403.
  • Taube M, Peltonen M, Sjoholm K, et al. Long-term incidence of colorectal cancer after bariatric surgery or usual care in the Swedish obese subjects study. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248550.
  • Tao W, Santoni G, von Euler-Chelpin M, et al. Cancer risk after bariatric surgery in a cohort study from the five Nordic countries. Obes Surg. 2020 Oct;30(10):3761–3767.
  • Lovrics O, Butt J, Lee Y, et al. The effect of bariatric surgery on breast cancer incidence and characteristics: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Am J Surg. 2021 Oct;222(4):715–722.
  • Genco A, Soricelli E, Casella G, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a possible, underestimated long-term complication. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017 Apr;13(4):568–574.
  • Tornese S, Aiolfi A, Bonitta G, et al. Remnant gastric cancer after roux-en-Y gastric bypass: narrative review of the literature. Obes Surg. 2019 Aug;29(8):2609–2613.
  • Musella M, Berardi G, Bocchetti A, et al. Esophagogastric neoplasms following bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review. Obes Surg. 2019 Aug;29(8):2660–2669.
  • Brunt EM, Wong VW, Nobili V, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Dec 17;1:15080.
  • Agarwal L, Aggarwal S, Shalimar, et al. Bariatric surgery in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): impact assessment using paired liver biopsy and fibroscan. Obes Surg. 2021 Feb;31(2):617–626.
  • Fakhry TK, Mhaskar R, Schwitalla T, et al. Bariatric surgery improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2019 Mar;15(3):502–511.
  • Lassailly G, Caiazzo R, Ntandja-Wandji LC, et al. Bariatric surgery provides long-term resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and regression of fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2020 Oct;159(4):1290–1301 e5.
  • Aminian A, Al-Kurd A, Wilson R, et al. Association of bariatric surgery with major adverse liver and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JAMA. 2021 Nov 23;326(20):2031–2042.
  • Chauhan M, Singh K, Thuluvath PJ. Bariatric surgery in NAFLD. Dig Dis Sci. 2022 Feb;67(2):408–422.
  • Groen VA, van de Graaf VA, Scholtes VA, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery for knee complaints in (morbidly) obese adult patients: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2015 Feb;16(2):161–170.
  • Li S, Luo X, Sun H, et al. Does prior bariatric surgery improve outcomes following total joint arthroplasty in the morbidly obese? A meta-analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2019 Mar;34(3):577–585.
  • Godziuk K, Prado CM, Beaupre L, et al. A critical review of weight loss recommendations before total knee arthroplasty. Joint Bone Spine. 2021 Mar;88(2):105114.
  • Liu JX, Paoli AR, Mahure SA, et al. Preoperative bariatric surgery utilization is associated with increased 90-day postoperative complication rates after total joint arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020 Mar 1;28(5):e206–e212.
  • Dowsey MM, Brown WA, Cochrane A, et al. Effect of bariatric surgery on risk of complications after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open. 2022 Apr 1;5(4):e226722.
  • Ighani Arani P, Wretenberg P, Ottosson J, et al. Pain, function, and satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty, with or without bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2022 Apr;32(4):1164–1169.
  • Ranasinghe WK, Wright T, Attia J, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on urinary and sexual function. BJU Int. 2011 Jan;107(1):88–94.
  • Subak LL, King WC, Belle SH, et al. Urinary incontinence before and after bariatric surgery. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Aug;175(8):1378–1387.
  • Lee Y, Yu J, Tikkinen KAO, et al. The impact of bariatric surgery on urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2019 Dec;124(6):917–934.
  • Sheridan W, Da Silva AS, Leca BM, et al. Weight loss with bariatric surgery or behaviour modification and the impact on female obesity-related urine incontinence: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Obes. 2021 Aug;11(4):e12450.
  • Field AE, Inge TH, Belle SH, et al. Association of obesity subtypes in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery study and 3-Year postoperative weight change. Obesity. 2018 Dec;26(12):1931–1937.
  • Green MA, Strong M, Razak F, et al. Who are the obese? A cluster analysis exploring subgroups of the obese. J Public Health (Oxf). 2016 Jun;38(2):258–264.
  • Maggard MA, Shugarman LR, Suttorp M, et al. Meta-analysis: surgical treatment of obesity. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Apr 5;142(7):547–559.
  • Cadena-Obando D, Ramirez-Renteria C, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, et al. Are there really any predictive factors for a successful weight loss after bariatric surgery? BMC Endocr Disord. 2020 Feb 5;20(1):20.
  • Al-Khyatt W, Ryall R, Leeder P, et al. Predictors of inadequate weight loss after laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Obes Surg. 2017 Jun;27(6):1446–1452.
  • Barhouch AS, Padoin AV, Casagrande DS, et al. Predictors of excess weight loss in obese patients after gastric bypass: a 60-Month follow-up. Obes Surg. 2016 Jun;26(6):1178–1185.
  • Nielsen MS, Christensen BJ, Schmidt JB, et al. Predictors of weight loss after bariatric surgery-a cross-disciplinary approach combining physiological, social, and psychological measures. Int J Obes. 2020 Nov;44(11):2291–2302.
  • Steinbeisser M, McCracken J, Kharbutli B. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: preoperative weight loss and other factors as predictors of postoperative success. Obes Surg. 2017 Jun;27(6):1508–1513.
  • Busetto L, Angrisani L, Basso N, et al. Safety and efficacy of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in the elderly. Obesity. 2008 Feb;16(2):334–338.
  • Cazzo E, da Silva FP, Pareja JC, et al. Predictors for weight loss failure following roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Arq Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct-Dec;51(4):328–330.
  • Livhits M, Mercado C, Yermilov I, et al. Preoperative predictors of weight loss following bariatric surgery: systematic review. Obes Surg. 2012 Jan;22(1):70–89.
  • Boswell L, Jimenez A, Ortega E, et al. Genetic background influences weight-loss trajectories on the mid-term after bariatric surgery. Int J Obes. 2019 Sep;43(9):1869–1874.
  • Fried M, Kasalicky M, Kunesova M, et al. Influence of some hereditary factors on weight loss following conservative and surgical treatment of obese female monozygotic twins. Obes Surg. 1999 Jun;9(3):265–268.
  • Grilo CM, Pogue-Geile MF. The nature of environmental influences on weight and obesity: a behavior genetic analysis. Psychol Bull. 1991 Nov;110(3):520–537.
  • Hainer V, Stunkard A, Kunesova M, et al. A twin study of weight loss and metabolic efficiency. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001 Apr;25(4):533–537.
  • Hatoum IJ, Greenawalt DM, Cotsapas C, et al. Heritability of the weight loss response to gastric bypass surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;96(10):E1630–3.
  • Mehta A, Hutfless S, Blair AB, et al. Outcomes of partnered individuals undergoing bariatric surgery together: a single institution case series. Obes Surg. 2017 Aug;27(8):2207–2210.
  • Rebibo L, Verhaeghe P, Cosse C, et al. Does longitudinal sleeve gastrectomy have a family “halo effect”? A case-matched study. Surg Endosc. 2013 May;27(5):1748–1753.
  • Slotman GJ. Gastric bypass: a family affair—41 families in which multiple members underwent bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2011 Sep-Oct;7(5):592–598.
  • Chen HH, Lee WJ, Wang W, et al. Ala55Val polymorphism on UCP2 gene predicts greater weight loss in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric banding. Obes Surg. 2007 Jul;17(7):926–933.
  • Poitou C, Lacorte JM, Coupaye M, et al. Relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in leptin, IL6 and adiponectin genes and their circulating product in morbidly obese subjects before and after gastric banding surgery. Obes Surg. 2005 Jan;15(1):11–23.
  • Sesti G, Perego L, Cardellini M, et al. Impact of common polymorphisms in candidate genes for insulin resistance and obesity on weight loss of morbidly obese subjects after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and hypocaloric diet. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Sep;90(9):5064–5069.
  • Bray MS, Loos RJ, McCaffery JM, et al. NIH working group report-using genomic information to guide weight management: from universal to precision treatment. Obesity. 2016 Jan;24(1):14–22.
  • Ciudin A, Fidilio E, Gutierrez-Carrasquilla L, et al. A clinical-genetic score for predicting weight loss after bariatric surgery: the OBEGEN study. J Pers Med. 2021 Oct 17;11(10):1040.
  • Karpinska IA, Kulawik J, Pisarska-Adamczyk M, et al. Is it possible to predict weight loss after bariatric surgery?-External validation of predictive models. Obes Surg. 2021 Jul;31(7):2994–3004.
  • Pinu FR, Beale DJ, Paten AM, et al. Systems biology and multi-omics integration: viewpoints from the metabolomics research community. Metabolites. 2019 Apr 18;9(4):76.
  • Anis AH, Zhang W, Bansback N, et al. Obesity and overweight in Canada: an updated cost-of-illness study. Obes Rev. 2010 Jan;11(1):31–40.
  • Dee A, Kearns K, O’Neill C, et al. The direct and indirect costs of both overweight and obesity: a systematic review. BMC Res Notes. 2014 Apr 16;7(1):242.
  • Picot J, Jones J, Colquitt JL, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2009 Sep;13(41):1–190, 215–357, iii–iv.
  • Xia Q, Campbell JA, Ahmad H, et al. Bariatric surgery is a cost-saving treatment for obesity-A comprehensive meta-analysis and updated systematic review of health economic evaluations of bariatric surgery. Obes Rev. 2020 Jan;21(1):e12932.
  • Sussenbach SP, Padoin AV, Silva EN, et al. Economic benefits of bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2012 Feb;22(2):266–270.
  • Terranova L, Busetto L, Vestri A, et al. Bariatric surgery: cost-effectiveness and budget impact. Obes Surg. 2012 Apr;22(4):646–653.
  • Campbell J, McGarry LA, Shikora SA, et al. Cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic gastric banding and bypass for morbid obesity. Am J Manag Care. 2010 Jul 1;16(7):e174–87.
  • Clegg A, Colquitt J, Sidhu M, et al. Clinical and cost effectiveness of surgery for morbid obesity: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Oct;27(10):1167–1177.
  • Salem L, Devlin A, Sullivan SD, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of laparoscopic gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, and nonoperative weight loss interventions. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2008 Jan-Feb;4(1):26–32.
  • Ackroyd R, Mouiel J, Chevallier JM, et al. Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of obesity surgery in patients with type-2 diabetes in three European countries. Obes Surg. 2006 Nov;16(11):1488–1503.
  • Anselmino M, Bammer T, Fernandez Cebrian JM, et al. Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of obesity surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes in three European countries(II). Obes Surg. 2009 Nov;19(11):1542–1549.
  • Keating CL, Dixon JB, Moodie ML, et al. Cost-efficacy of surgically induced weight loss for the management of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2009 Apr;32(4):580–584.
  • Gulliford MC, Booth HP, Reddy M, et al. Effect of contemporary bariatric surgical procedures on type 2 diabetes remission. A population-based matched cohort study. Obes Surg. 2016 Oct;26(10):2308–2315.
  • Lemus R, Karni D, Hong D, et al. The impact of bariatric surgery on insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients. Surg Endosc. 2018 Feb;32(2):990–1001.
  • McGlone ER, Carey I, Velickovic V, et al. Bariatric surgery for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus requiring insulin: clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness analyses. Plos Med. 2020 Dec;17(12):e1003228.
  • Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, et al. Bariatric-metabolic surgery versus conventional medical treatment in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: 5 year follow-up of an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 Sep 5;386(9997):964–973.
  • Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP, et al. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes–3-year outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2014 May 22;370(21):2002–2013.
  • Sjostrom L. Review of the key results from the Swedish obese subjects (SOS) trial - a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery. J Intern Med. 2013 Mar;273(3):219–234.
  • Noparatayaporn P, Thavorncharoensap M, Chaikledkaew U, et al. Incremental net monetary benefit of bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of cost-effectiveness evidences. Obes Surg. 2021 Jul;31(7):3279–3290.
  • Wu T, Wong SKH, Law BTT, et al. Bariatric surgery is expensive but improves co-morbidity: 5-year assessment of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Br J Surg. 2021 May 27;108(5):554–565.
  • Lauren BN, Lim F, Krikhely A, et al. Estimated cost-effectiveness of medical therapy, sleeve gastrectomy, and gastric bypass in patients with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes. JAMA Network Open. 2022 Feb 1; 5(2):e2148317.
  • Pratt JSA, Browne A, Browne NT, et al. ASMBS pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery guidelines, 2018. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018 Jul;14(7):882–901.
  • Sears D, Fillmore G, Bui M, et al. Evaluation of gastric bypass patients 1 year after surgery: changes in quality of life and obesity-related conditions. Obes Surg. 2008 Dec;18(12):1522–1525.
  • Aasheim ET, Aylwin SJ, Radhakrishnan ST, et al. Assessment of obesity beyond body mass index to determine benefit of treatment. Clin Obes. 2011 Apr;1(2–3):77–84.
  • Neff KJ, Chuah LL, Aasheim ET, et al. Beyond weight loss: evaluating the multiple benefits of bariatric surgery after roux-en-Y gastric bypass and adjustable gastric band. Obes Surg. 2014 May;24(5):684–691.
  • Contival N, Menahem B, Gautier T, et al. Guiding the non-bariatric surgeon through complications of bariatric surgery. J Visc Surg. 2018 Feb;155(1):27–40.
  • O’Kane M, Parretti HM, Pinkney J, et al. British obesity and metabolic surgery society guidelines on perioperative and postoperative biochemical monitoring and micronutrient replacement for patients undergoing bariatric surgery-2020 update. Obes Rev. 2020 Nov;21(11):e13087.
  • Kitzinger HB, Abayev S, Pittermann A, et al. After massive weight loss: patients’ expectations of body contouring surgery. Obes Surg. 2012 Apr;22(4):544–548.
  • Boza C, Gamboa C, Perez G, et al. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB): surgical results and 5-year follow-up. Surg Endosc. 2011 Jan;25(1):292–297.
  • El Ansari W, Elhag W. Weight regain and insufficient weight loss after bariatric surgery: definitions, prevalence, mechanisms, predictors, prevention and management strategies, and knowledge gaps-a scoping review. Obes Surg. 2021 Apr;31(4):1755–1766.
  • Torrego-Ellacuria M, Barabash A, Larrad-Sainz A, et al. Weight regain outcomes after bariatric surgery in the long-term follow-up: role of preoperative factors. Obes Surg. 2021 Sep;31(9):3947–3955.
  • Courcoulas AP, King WC, Belle SH, et al. Seven-Year weight trajectories and health outcomes in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) study. JAMA Surg. 2018 May 1;153(5):427–434.
  • Clapp B, Wynn M, Martyn C, et al. Long term (7 or more years) outcomes of the sleeve gastrectomy: a meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018 Jun;14(6):741–747.
  • Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004 Dec 23;351(26):2683–2693.
  • Istfan NW, Lipartia M, Anderson WA, et al. Approach to the patient: management of the post-Bariatric surgery patient with weight regain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):251–263.
  • Gasoyan H, Tajeu G, Halpern MT, et al. Reasons for underutilization of bariatric surgery: the role of insurance benefit design. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2019 Jan;15(1):146–151.
  • Desogus D, Menon V, Singhal R, et al. An examination of who is eligible and who is receiving bariatric surgery in England: secondary analysis of the health survey for England dataset. Obes Surg. 2019 Oct;29(10):3246–3251.
  • Bhanderi S, Alam M, Matthews JH, et al. Influence of social deprivation on provision of bariatric surgery: 10-year comparative ecological study between two UK specialist centres. BMJ Open. 2017 Oct 12;7(10):e015453.
  • Abdul Wahab R, Al-Ruwaily H, Coleman T, et al. The relationship between percentage weight loss and World Health Organization-Five wellbeing index (WHO-5) in patients having bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2022 May;32(5):1667–1672.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.