References
- Caraballo L, Zakzuk J, Lee BW, et al. Particularities of allergy in the tropics. World Allergy Organ J. 2016;9:20.
- Versini M, Jeandel PY, Bashi T, et al. Unraveling the Hygiene Hypothesis of helminthes and autoimmunity: origins, pathophysiology, and clinical applications. BMC Med. 2015;13:81.
- Evans H, Mitre E. Worms as therapeutic agents for allergy and asthma: understanding why benefits in animal studies have not translated into clinical success. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135:343–353.
- Greenwood BM. Autoimmune disease and parasitic infections in Nigerians. Lancet. 1968;2:380–382.
- Gerrard JW, Geddes CA, Reggin PL, et al. Serum IgE levels in white and metis communities in Saskatchewan. Ann Allergy. 1976;37:91–100.
- Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ. 1989;299:1259–1260.
- Rook GA, Martinelli R, Brunet LR. Innate immune responses to mycobacteria and the downregulation of atopic responses. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;3:337–342.
- Platts-Mills TA. The allergy epidemics: 1870-2010. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136:3–13.
- Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis. Nat Immunol. 2017;18:1076–1083.
- Ramanan D, Bowcutt R, Lee SC, et al. Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity. Science. 2016;352:608–612.
- van Riet E, Hartgers FC, Yazdanbakhsh M. Chronic helminth infections induce immunomodulation: consequences and mechanisms. Immunobiology. 2007;212:475–490.
- Caraballo L. Ascaris and allergy. In: Holland CV, editor. Ascaris: the neglected parasite. London, UK: Elsevier; 2013. p. 21–50.
- Ahumada V, Garcia E, Dennis R, et al. IgE responses to Ascaris and mite tropomyosins are risk factors for asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015;45:1189–1200.
- Sharghi N, Schantz PM, Caramico L, et al. Environmental exposure to Toxocara as a possible risk factor for asthma: a clinic-based case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:E111–116.
- Leonardi-Bee J, Pritchard D, Britton J. Asthma and current intestinal parasite infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174:514–523.
- Zakzuk J, Casadiedo S, Mercado A, et al. Ascaris lumbricoides induces, both, reduction and increase of asthma symptoms in a rural community. Allergy. 2017;72:494–495.
- Santiago HC, Nutman TB. Human helminths and allergic disease: the hygiene hypothesis and beyond. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;95:746–753.
- Cooper PJ, Chico ME, Rodrigues LC, et al. Reduced risk of atopy among school-age children infected with geohelminth parasites in a rural area of the tropics. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:995–1000.
- Buendía E. The IgE response to Ascaris molecular components is associated with clinical indicators of asthma severity. WAO Journal. 2015;8:8.
- Nicolaou N, Siddique N, Custovic A. Allergic disease in urban and rural populations: increasing prevalence with increasing urbanization. Allergy. 2005;60:1357–1360.
- Alcantara-Neves NM, Veiga RV, Dattoli VC, et al. The effect of single and multiple infections on atopy and wheezing in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129:359–367, 367 e351–353
- Elliott DE, Weinstock JV. Nematodes and human therapeutic trials for inflammatory disease. Parasite Immunol. 2017;39:e12407.
- Smallwood TB, Giacomin PR, Loukas A, et al. Helminth immunomodulation in autoimmune disease. Front Immunol. 2017;8:453.
- Briggs N, Weatherhead J, Sastry KJ, et al. The hygiene hypothesis and its inconvenient truths about helminth infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0004944.
- Titz TO, de Araujo CAA, Enobe CS, et al. Ascaris suum infection modulates inflammation: implication of CD4(+) CD25(high) Foxp3(+) T cells and IL-10. Parasite Immunol. 2017;39:e12453.
- Midttun HLE, Acevedo N, Skallerup P, et al. Ascaris suum infection down-regulates inflammatory pathways in the pig intestine in vivo and in human dendritic cells in vitro. J Infect Dis. 2018;217:310–319. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jix585.
- Antunes MF, Titz TO, Batista IF, et al. Immunosuppressive PAS-1 is an excretory/secretory protein released by larval and adult worms of the ascarid nematode Ascaris suum. J Helminthol. 2015;89:367–374.
- Coronado S, Barrios L, Zakzuk J, et al. A recombinant cystatin from Ascaris lumbricoides attenuates inflammation of DSS-induced colitis. Parasite Immunol. 2017;39:e12425.
- Venugopal G, Mueller M, Hartmann S, et al. Differential immunomodulation in human monocytes versus macrophages by filarial cystatin. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0188138.
- Coronado S, Zakzuk J, Regino R, et al. Cystatin from the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides reduces inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Allergy. 2017;72:386–387.
- Coronado S, Manotas M, Zakzuk J, et al. Ascaris lumbricoides cystatin induces specific IgE but not allergic response. Front. Immunol. 2015. Conference Abstract: IMMUNOCOLOMBIA2015 ‐ 11th Congress of the Latin American Association of Immunology ‐ 10o. Congreso de la Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología. doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2015.05.00295.