An update on generalized pustular psoriasis

References

• Baker H , Ryan TJ. Generalized pustular psoriasis. A clinical and epidemiological study of 104 cases. Br J Dermatol. 1968 Dec;80(12):771–793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarini AA , Burden AD , Capon F , et al. European consensus statement on phenotypes of pustular psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017 Nov;31(11):1792–1799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelickson BD , Muller SA. Generalized pustular psoriasis. A review of 63 cases. Arch Dermatol. 1991 Sep;127(9):1339–1345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison AO. Pustular psoriasis. 2017 [cited 2018 Aug 08 ]. Medscape. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1108220-overview
   Google Scholar
• Ohkawara A , Yasuda H , Kobayashi H , et al. Generalized pustular psoriasis in Japan: two distinct groups formed by differences in symptoms and genetic background. Acta Derm Venereol. 1996 Jan;76(1):68–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augey F , Renaudier P , Nicolas JF . Generalized pustular psoriasis (Zumbusch): a French epidemiological survey. Eur J Dermatol. 2006 Nov-Dec;16(6):669–673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita H , Terui T , Hayama K , et al. Japanese guidelines for the management and treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis: the new pathogenesis and treatment of GPP. J Dermatol. 2018 Nov;45(11):1235–1270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorphoSys . MorphoSys announces approval of Tremfya® (guselkumab) for the treatment of moderate to severe forms of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in Japan. 2018 Apr 6 [cited 2018 Nov 12]. Available from: https://www.morphosys.com/media-investors/media-center/morphosys-announces-approval-of-tremfyar-guselkumab-for-the-treatment
   Google Scholar
• Rønholt K , Iversen L . Old and New Biological Therapies for Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Nov 1;18(11):2297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viguier M , Allez M , Zagdanski AM , et al. High frequency of cholestasis in generalized pustular psoriasis: evidence for neutrophilic involvement of the biliary tract. Hepatology. 2004 Aug;40(2):452–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choon SE , Lai NM , Mohammad NA , et al. Clinical profile, morbidity, and outcome of adult-onset generalized pustular psoriasis: analysis of 102 cases seen in a tertiary hospital in Johor, Malaysia. Int J Dermatol. 2014 Jun;53(6):676–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin H , Cho HH , Kim WJ , et al. Clinical features and course of generalized pustular psoriasis in Korea. J Dermatol. 2015 Jul;42(7):674–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trivedi MK , Vaughn AR , Murase JE . Pustular psoriasis of pregnancy: current perspectives. Int J Womens Health. 2018;10:109–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjegerdes KE , Hyde K , Kivelevitch D , et al. Pustular psoriasis: pathophysiology and current treatment perspectives. Psoriasis (Auckl). 2016;6:131–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandolf Sekulovic L . Overview of subcornal pustular dermatosis. Medscape. 2016 [cited 2018 Aug 08 ]. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1124252-overview#a1
   Google Scholar
• Feldmeyer L , Heidemeyer K , Yawalkar N . Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: pathogenesis, genetic background, clinical variants and therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Jul 27;17:8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umezawa Y , Ozawa A , Kawasima T , et al. Therapeutic guidelines for the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) based on a proposed classification of disease severity. Arch Dermatol Res. 2003 Apr;295(Suppl 1):S43–S54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrakchi S , Guigue P , Renshaw BR , et al. Interleukin-36-receptor antagonist deficiency and generalized pustular psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 18;365(7):620–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berki DM , Liu L , Choon SE , et al. Activating CARD14 mutations are associated with generalized pustular psoriasis but rarely account for familial recurrence in psoriasis vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol. 2015 Dec;135(12):2964–2970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Setta-Kaffetzi N , Simpson MA , Navarini AA , et al. AP1S3 mutations are associated with pustular psoriasis and impaired Toll-like receptor 3 trafficking. Am J Hum Genet. 2014 May 1;94(5):790–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rendon A , Schakel K . Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 23;20:6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiyama M , Takeichi T , McGrath JA , et al. Autoinflammatory keratinization diseases: an emerging concept encompassing various inflammatory keratinization disorders of the skin. J Dermatol Sci. 2018 May;90(2):105–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai Y-X , Chen -C-C Flare-up of pustular psoriasis after ustekinumab therapy: case report and literature review. Dermatol Sin. 2018;36:222–225. epub.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collamer AN , Battafarano DF . Psoriatic skin lesions induced by tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy: clinical features and possible immunopathogenesis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Dec;40(3):233–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidoroff A , Dunant A , Viboud C , et al. Risk factors for acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)-results of a multinational case-control study (EuroSCAR). Br J Dermatol. 2007 Nov;157(5):989–996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges-Costa J , Silva R , Goncalves L , et al. Clinical and laboratory features in acute generalized pustular psoriasis: a retrospective study of 34 patients. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011 Aug 1;12(4):271–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capon F . IL36RN mutations in generalized pustular psoriasis: just the tip of the iceberg? J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Nov;133(11):2503–2504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiura K . The genetic background of generalized pustular psoriasis: IL36RN mutations and CARD14 gain-of-function variants. J Dermatol Sci. 2014 Jun;74(3):187–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston A , Xing X , Wolterink L , et al. IL-1 and IL-36 are dominant cytokines in generalized pustular psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Jul;140(1):109–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehner A , Navarini AA , Eyerich K . Generalized pustular psoriasis - a model disease for specific targeted immunotherapy, systematic review. Exp Dermatol. 2018 May 31;27:1067–1077. epub (31 May 2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furue K , Yamamura K , Tsuji G , et al. Highlighting interleukin-36 signalling in plaque psoriasis and pustular psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2018 Jan 12;98(1):5–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa E , Sato Y , Minagawa A , et al. Pathogenesis of psoriasis and development of treatment. J Dermatol. 2018 Mar;45(3):264–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onoufriadis A , Simpson MA , Pink AE , et al. Mutations in IL36RN/IL1F5 are associated with the severe episodic inflammatory skin disease known as generalized pustular psoriasis. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Sep 9;89(3):432–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiura K , Takemoto A , Yamaguchi M , et al. The majority of generalized pustular psoriasis without psoriasis vulgaris is caused by deficiency of interleukin-36 receptor antagonist. J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Nov;133(11):2514–2521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain S , Berki DM , Choon SE , et al. IL36RN mutations define a severe autoinflammatory phenotype of generalized pustular psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Apr;135(4):1067–1070.e9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Körber A , Mossner R , Renner R , et al. Mutations in IL36RN in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Nov;133(11):2634–2637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twelves S , Mostafa A , Dand N , et al. Clinical and genetic differences between pustular psoriasis subtypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Mar;143(3):1021–1026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health . IL36RN gene, interleukin 36 receptor antagonist U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2018 Aug 18 ]. Available from: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/IL36RN
   Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health . CARD14 gene, caspase recruitment domain family member 14: U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2018 Aug 18 ]. Available from: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/CARD14
   Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health . AP1S3 gene, adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit sigma 3: U.S. National Library of Medicine; [ cited 2018 Aug 18]. Available from: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/AP1S3
   Google Scholar
• Setta-Kaffetzi N , Navarini AA , Patel VM , et al. Rare pathogenic variants in IL36RN underlie a spectrum of psoriasis-associated pustular phenotypes. J Invest Dermatol. 2013 May;133(5):1339–1366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan CT , Cao L , Roberson ED , et al. PSORS2 is due to mutations in CARD14. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 May 4;90(5):784–795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs-Telem D , Sarig O , van Steensel MA , et al. Familial pityriasis rubra pilaris is caused by mutations in CARD14. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Jul 13;91(1):163–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israel L , Mellett M . Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of CARD14 mutations in psoriatic skin disease. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahil SK , Twelves S , Farkas K , et al. AP1S3 mutations cause skin autoinflammation by disrupting keratinocyte autophagy and up-regulating IL-36 production. J Invest Dermatol. 2016 Nov;136(11):2251–2259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang Y , Xing X , Beamer MA , et al. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostate comprise a novel inflammatory nexus in patients with pustular skin disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Apr;139(4):1217–1227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestle FO , Conrad C , Tun-Kyi A , et al. Plasmacytoid predendritic cells initiate psoriasis through interferon-alpha production. J Exp Med. 2005 Jul 4;202(1):135–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nograles KE , Zaba LC , Guttman-Yassky E , et al. Th17 cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22 modulate distinct inflammatory and keratinocyte-response pathways. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Nov;159(5):1092–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissonnette R , Nigen S , Langley RG , et al. Increased expression of IL-17A and limited involvement of IL-23 in patients with palmo-plantar (PP) pustular psoriasis or PP pustulosis; results from a randomised controlled trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Oct;28(10):1298–1305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissonnette R , Suarez-Farinas M , Li X , et al. Based on molecular profiling of gene expression, palmoplantar pustulosis and palmoplantar pustular psoriasis are highly related diseases that appear to be distinct from psoriasis vulgaris. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0155215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou LL , Georgakopoulos JR , Ighani A , et al. Systemic monotherapy treatments for generalized pustular psoriasis: a systematic review. J Cutan Med Surg. 2018;1:1203475418773358.
   Google Scholar
• Sano S , Kubo H , Morishima H , et al. Guselkumab, a human interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody in Japanese patients with generalized pustular psoriasis and erythrodermic psoriasis: efficacy and safety analyses of a 52-week, phase 3, multicenter, open-label study. J Dermatol. 2018 May;45(5):529–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen Biotech I . Prescribing information: TREMFYA (guselkumab). [cited 2018 Aug 20 ]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/761061s000lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sheu JS , Divito SJ , Enamandram M , et al. Dapsone therapy for pustular psoriasis: case series and review of the literature. Dermatology. 2016;232(1):97–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napolitano M , Megna M , Balato A , et al. Systemic treatment of pediatric psoriasis: a review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2016 6;Jun(2):125–142.
   Google Scholar
• Janssen Biotech I . Prescribing information: REMICADE (infliximab). [cited 2018 Aug 20 ]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/103772s5385lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Amgen Inc . Prescribing information: ENBREL® (etanercept). [cited 2018 Aug 20 ]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/103795s5563s5564lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Porter ML , Lockwood SJ , Kimball AB . Update on biologic safety for patients with psoriasis during pregnancy. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2017. 3. Mar(1):21–25.
   Google Scholar
• AbbVie Inc . Prescribing information: HUMIRA (adalimumab). [cited 2018 Aug 20 ]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/125057s406lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ) . Prescribing information: KINERET® (anakinra). [cited 20 Aug 2018]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/103950s5182lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation . Prescribing information: ILARIS® (canakinumab). [cited 2018 Aug 20 ]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/125319s088lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation . Prescribing information: COSENTYX® (secukinumab). [cited 2018 Aug 20 ]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/125504s013lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC . Prescribing information: SILIQ™ (brodalumab). [cited 2018 Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/761032lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Eli Lilly and Company . Prescribing information: TALTZ (ixekizumab). [cited 2018 Aug 20 ]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/125521s009lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Janssen Biotech I . Prescribing information: STELARA® (ustekinumab). [cited 2018 Aug 20]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/761044lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Prens EP , van Joost T , Hegmans JP , et al. Effects of cyclosporine on cytokines and cytokine receptors in psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Dec;33(6):947–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wozel G , Blasum C . Dapsone in dermatology and beyond. Arch Dermatol Res. 2014 Mar;306(2):103–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uva L , Miguel D , Pinheiro C , et al. Mechanisms of action of topical corticosteroids in psoriasis. Int J Endocrinol. 2012;2012:561018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong T , Hsu L , Liao W . Phototherapy in psoriasis: a review of mechanisms of action. J Cutan Med Surg. 2013 Jan-Feb;17(1):6–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson A , Van Voorhees AS , Hsu S , et al. Treatment of pustular psoriasis: from the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Aug;67(2):279–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langley RG , Elewski BE , Lebwohl M , et al. Secukinumab in plaque psoriasis–results of two phase 3 trials. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 24;371(4):326–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blauvelt A , Reich K , Tsai TF , et al. Secukinumab is superior to ustekinumab in clearing skin of subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis up to 1 year: results from the CLEAR study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jan;76(1):60–69 e9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt MJ , Lee SH , Salisbury EL , et al. Generalized pustular psoriasis responsive to PUVA and oral cyclosporin therapy. Australas J Dermatol. 1997 Nov;38(4):199–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kopp T , Karlhofer F , Szepfalusi Z , et al. Successful use of acitretin in conjunction with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy in a child with severe pustular psoriasis, von Zumbusch type. Br J Dermatol. 2004 Oct;151(4):912–916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honigsmann H , Gschnait F , Konrad K , et al. Photochemotherapy for pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch). Br J Dermatol. 1977 Aug;97(2):119–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalil S , Bardawil T , Stephan C , et al. Retinoids: a journey from the molecular structures and mechanisms of action to clinical uses in dermatology and adverse effects. J Dermatolog Treat. 2017 Dec;28(8):684–696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Dermatology . Psoriasis: recommendations for cyclosporine. [cited 2019 Jan 22 ]. Available from: https://www.aad.org/practicecenter/quality/clinical-guidelines/psoriasis/systemic-agents/recommendations-for-cyclosporine
   Google Scholar
• Medscape . Dapsone (Rx). [cited 2018 Nov 15 ]. Available from: https://reference.medscape.com/drug/aczone-dapsone-342559#10
   Google Scholar
• Bandoli G , Palmsten K , Forbess Smith CJ , et al. A review of systemic corticosteroid use in pregnancy and the risk of select pregnancy and birth outcomes. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;43(3):489–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almutairi D , Sheasgreen C , Weizman A , et al. Generalized pustular psoriasis induced by infliximab in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease. J Cutan Med Surg. 2018;1:507–510.
   Google Scholar
• Jeon C , Nakamura M , Sekhon S , et al. Generalized pustular psoriasis treated with apremilast in a patient with multiple medical comorbidities. JAAD Case Rep. 2017 Nov;3(6):495–497.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fragoulis GE , McInnes IB , Siebert S . JAK-inhibitors. New players in the field of immune-mediated diseases, beyond rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019 Feb 1;58(Supplement_1):i43–i54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ikeda S , Takahashi H , Suga Y , et al. Therapeutic depletion of myeloid lineage leukocytes in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis indicates a major role for neutrophils in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Apr;68(4):609–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujisawa T , Suzuki S , Mizutani Y , et al. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis for generalized pustular psoriasis: therapeutic outcomes in three refractory patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2015 Aug;19(4):336–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saikaly SK , Mattes M . Biologics and pediatric generalized pustular psoriasis: an emerging therapeutic trend. Cureus. 2016 Jun 22;8(6):e652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Food and Drug Administration . Content and format of labeling for human prescription drug and biological products; requirements for pregnancy and lactation labeling (Federal Register/Vol. 73, No. 104/Thursday, May 29, 2008). [cited 2019 Jan 23 ]. Available from: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2008-05-29/pdf/E8-11806.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Viguier M , Guigue P , Pages C , et al. Successful treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis with the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist Anakinra: lack of correlation with IL1RN mutations. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jul 6;153(1):66–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffmeier U , Watzold M , Mohr J , et al. Successful therapy with anakinra in a patient with generalized pustular psoriasis carrying IL36RN mutations. Br J Dermatol. 2014 Jan;170(1):202–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skendros P , Papagoras C , Lefaki I , et al. Successful response in a case of severe pustular psoriasis after interleukin-1beta inhibition. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Jan;176(1):212–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansouri B , Richards L , Menter A . Treatment of two patients with generalized pustular psoriasis with the interleukin-1beta inhibitor gevokizumab. Br J Dermatol. 2015 Jul;173(1):239–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanskaya I , Pinkstaff J , Marino MH , et al. A phase 1 study of ANB019, an anti-IL-36 receptor monoclonal antibody, in healthy volunteers. Poster presented at the 2018 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Congress; 2018 May 26–30; Munich, Germany. [cited 2018 Aug 14 ]. Available from: https://www2.anaptysbio.com/wp-content/uploads/ANB019-Phase-1-Study-Poster-EAACI-2018.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bachelez H , Choon S-E , Marrakchi S , et al. Inhibition of the interleukin-36 pathway for the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Mar 7;380(10):981–983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arakawa A , Ruzicka T , Prinz JC . Therapeutic efficacy of interleukin 12/interleukin 23 blockade in generalized pustular psoriasis regardless of IL36RN mutation status. JAMA Dermatol. 2016 Jul 1;152(7):825–828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storan ER , O’Gorman SM , Markham T . Generalized pustular psoriasis treated with ustekinumab. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2016 Aug;41(6):689–690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imafuku S , Honma M , Okubo Y , et al. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis: A 52-week analysis from phase III open-label multicenter Japanese study. J Dermatol. 2016 Sep;43(9):1011–1017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamasaki K , Nakagawa H , Kubo Y , et al. Efficacy and safety of brodalumab in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis and psoriatic erythroderma: results from a 52-week, open-label study. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Mar;176(3):741–751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeki H , Nakagawa H , Nakajo K , et al. Efficacy and safety of ixekizumab treatment for Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis and generalized pustular psoriasis: results from a 52-week, open-label, phase 3 study (UNCOVER-J). J Dermatol. 2017 Apr;44(4):355–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeki H , Nakagawa H , Ishii T , et al. Efficacy and safety of open-label ixekizumab treatment in Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis and generalized pustular psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Jun;29(6):1148–1155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho P-H , Tsai T-F . Successful treatment of refractory juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis with secukinumab monotherapy: A case report and review of published work. J Dermatol. 2018 Sep 19;45:1353–1356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredriksson T , Pettersson U . Severe psoriasis–oral therapy with a new retinoid. Dermatologica. 1978;157(4):238–244.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Langley RG , Feldman SR , Nyirady J , et al. The 5-point Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) Scale: A modified tool for evaluating plaque psoriasis severity in clinical trials. J Dermatolog Treat. 2015 Feb;26(1):23–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar