References
- 168.am. (2021, April 21). Ara Nikol, Tʻurkʻ, gna … restoranitsʻ durs yekogh Pʻashinyanin syunetsiʻnerě chanaparhetsʻin hayhoyanknerov. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cCvzBnaEhc.
- Abrahamian, L. (2006). Armenian identity in a changing world. Mazda Press.
- ACNIS. (2005). The Armenian genocide: 90 years and waiting. Armenian Center for National and International Studies.
- Adjemian, B., & Davidian, V. K. (2021). Scholarship and introspection in the time of War. Études Arméniennes Contemporaines, 13, 255–257.
- Adriaans, R. (2017). Dances with oligarchs: Performing the nation in Armenian civic activism. Caucasus Survey, 5(2), 142-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761199.2017.1309868
- Akpınar, A., Avetisyan, S., Balasanyan, H., Güllü, F., Kandolu, I., Karapetyan, M., Manasyan, N., Mkrtchyan, L., Özkaya, E., Özkaya, H., Palandjian, G., Şekeryan, A., & Turan, Ö. (2019). History education in schools in Turkey and Armenia:A critique and alternatives. Istanbul; Yerevan: History Foundation and Imagine Center for Conflict Transformation.
- Al Jazeera. (2020, December 10). Azerbaijan celebrates Nagorno-Karabakh victory, Erdogan attends. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/10/azerbaijan-celebrates-nagorno-karabakh-victory-erdogan-attends.
- Andrews, B. (1975). Social rules and the state as a social actor. World Politics, 27(4), 521–540. https://doi.org/10.2307/2010013
- Armenian Public TV. (2021, November 23). HH Varch’apet Nikol Pashinyani Asulisě. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZ0i0AwmfEM.
- Armenian Second TV Channel. (2021, November 11). Tʻurkʻ-adrbejantsʻinerě Yerevani srtum hartsʻazruytsʻ en vertsʻnum nayev adrbejantsʻineritsʻ. Mariam Melkonyan. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kt02QTulwQY.
- Armenpress. (2020a, July 27). Tʻurkʻian chi miana Adrbejanin Hayastani nkatmamb laynatsaval paterazmi sandzazertsman hartsʻum. Makuntsʻ. https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1023126.html.
- Armenpress. (2020b, September 28). Turkish F-16s back Azeri attack on Karabakh, Sarkissian says warning of Ottoman Empire's ghost. https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029252.
- Armenpress. (2021, April 14). Tʻurkʻerě, adrbejantsʻinerě mer tʻshnamin en. Pʻashinyaně tesnum e tʻshnamankʻě karʻavarelu anhrazheshtutyun. https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1048985.html.
- Barnett, M. N. (1996). Identity and alliances in the Middle East. In P. J. Katzenstein (Ed.), The culture of national security: Norms and identity in world politics. Columbia University Press.
- Berger, T. U. (1996). Norms, identity, and national security in Germany and Japan. In P. J. Katzenstein (Ed.), The culture of national security: Norms and identity in world politics. Columbia University Press.
- Bloomberg. (2022, August 3). Three Die in New Clashes Between Azerbaijanis and Armenians. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-03/two-killed-in-new-clashes-between-azerbaijanis-and-armenians.
- Broers, L. (2021). Requiem for the unipolar moment in nagorny karabakh. Current History, 120(828), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.828.255
- Broers, L. (2022, September 26). Is Azerbaijan planning a long-term presence in Armenia? Chatham House. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2022/09/azerbaijan-planning-long-term-presence-armenia.
- Butler, E. (2020, December 10). The Syrian mercenaries used as ‘cannon fodder’ in Nagorno-Karabakh. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-55238803.
- Casey, E. S. (1993). Getting back into place: Toward a renewed understanding of the place-world. Indiana University Press.
- Cheterian, V. (2020, December 15). The Day Symbols Paraded on the Streets of Baku. Agos. http://www.agos.com.tr/en/article/25041/the-day-symbols-paraded-on-the-streets-of-baku.
- Cheterian, V. (2022). Technological determinism or strategic advantage? Comparing the two karabakh wars between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Journal of Strategic Studies, https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2022.2127093
- CISR. (2018). Public opinion survey: Residents of Armenia. October 9-29, 2018. International Republican Institute.
- CISR. (2021). Public opinion survey: Residents of Armenia. December 2021. International Republican Institute.
- CISR. (2022). Public opinion survey: Residents of Armenia. June 2022. International Republican Institute.
- Cookman, L. (2020, November 10). Armenians rage against last-minute peace deal. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/10/armenians-oppose-last-minute-peace-deal-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh/.
- CRRC-Armenia. (2015). Key Findings Based on the Public Opinion Survey Conducted Within the Support to the Armenia-Turkey Normalization Process Program. Yerevan, Armenia.
- Daily Sabah. [@DailySabah]. (2020, September 29). Twitter. https://twitter.com/DailySabah/status/1310886686059098113.
- Das, V. (1995). Critical events: An anthropological perspective on contemporary India. Oxford University Press.
- Davtyan-Gevorgyan, A. (2021, August 4). ‘Yes Tʻurkʻ chʻem’ kam ‘Tʻurkʻě du es’ kharʻnaghmukě. Aliq Media. https://www.aliqmedia.am/2021/08/04/24014/
- de Waal, T. (2021). The Nagorny Karabakh Conflict in its Fourth Decade. CEPS Working Document No. 2021-02, September.
- Destici, M. [@Mustafa_Destici]. (2022). Twitter. https://twitter.com/mustafa_destici/status/1570379659476619265.
- Dijkink, G. (1996). National identity and geopolitical visions: Maps of pride and pain. Routledge.
- Dudwick, N. C. (1994). Memory, Identity and Politics in Armenia. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania.
- Feldhaus, A. (2003). Connected places: Region, pilgrimage, and geographical imagination in India. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Fifth TV. (2021, April 25). Yatʻaghanitsʻ bayraktar. Sharunakvogh tsʻeghaspanutʻyun. https://www.facebook.com/fifthTV/videos/465362574746175.
- Finnemore, M. (1996). National interests in international society. Cornell University Press.
- Fırat, D., Şannan, B., Muti, Ö, Gürpınar, Ö, & Özkaya, F. (2017). Postmemory of the Armenian genocide: A comparative study of the 4th generation in Armenia and Turkey. Oral History Forum D’histoire Orale, 37.
- Fraser, S. (2022, March 12). Turkey, Armenia agree to press ahead with mending fences. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-mevlut-cavusoglu-middle-east-armenia-cacb4774a8df60371f54fb69034aa209.
- Gavin, G. (2023, January 18). The crisis in Nagorno-Karabakh highlights Russia’s waning global influence. Time. https://time.com/6247979/russia-nagorno-karabakh-humanitarian-crisis/.
- Ghaletchyan, N. (2021, May 4). MIP-ě hay gerinerin khostangelu tesarannerov tesanyutʻeri usumnasirutʻyuně kugharki mijazgayin karʻutsʻnerin’, Azatutyun. https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31237355.html.
- Gould, P., & White, R. (1986). Mental maps. George Allen and Unwin Publishers. (Original work published 1974).
- Göksel, N. (2012). Turkey and Armenia post-protocols: Back to square One? Istanbul: TESEV.
- Hayeli Am. (2021a, September 19). Hraparakum hanrahavakě nkarahanogh Tʻurkiayi droshov dghamardik Tʻurkʻer ein. Marina Khachatryan. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TGwdRej3lQ.
- Hayeli Am. (2021b, September 19). Tʻurkʻerě Yerevanum. Tsap tvekʻ, YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Dm8hgyyKNA.
- Hetq. (2020, September 28). Armenian Foreign Ministry: Turkish Military Experts are Fighting Alongside Azerbaijan. https://hetq.am/en/article/122092.
- Hill, F., Kirişçi, K., & Moffatt, A. (2015). Armenia and Turkey: From normalization to reconciliation. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 13(4), 127–138.
- Hopf, T. (1998). The promise of constructivism in international relations theory’. International Security, 23(1), 171–200. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.23.1.171
- Houtum, H., van Kramsch, O., & Zierhofer, W. (2005). Prologue: B/ordering space. In H. van Houtum, O. Kramsch, & W. Zierhofer (Eds.), B/ordering space. Ashgate Publishing Company.
- Hovyan, V. (2020). Artsʻakhyan paterazm. Rusakan ardzagankʻner. Orbeli Center, 14 October. https://tinyurl.com/mrbc6at3
- in TV. (2022, February 15). Kʻnnichʻ handznazhoghově kusumnasiri nayev 44-orya paterazmi ardakʻin hetkʻě. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBsvmZexBZ8&t=721s.
- Iravaban. (2021, September 19). Vostikanutyuně ‘Vosku ashkharhi’ dimatsʻitsʻ berman yentʻarkvats ‘Tʻurkʻeri’ masin. https://iravaban.net/350364.html?fbclid=IwAR1Am7hfw_ALxmBPi6vFLHhNW84pXUYb6lAoNWW07y2IZzzD96fP6-5xdWY.
- Jepperson, R. L., Wendt, A., & Katzenstein, P. J. (1996). Norms, identity, and culture in national security. In P. J. Katzenstein (Ed.), The culture of national security: Norms and identity in world politics. Columbia University Press.
- Johnston, A. I. (1996). Cultural realism and strategy in maoist China. In P. J. Katzenstein (Ed.), The culture of national security: Norms and identity in world politics. Columbia University Press.
- Katzenstein, P. J. (1996a). Introduction: Alternative perspectives on national security. In P. J. Katzenstein (Ed.), The culture of national security: Norms and identity in world politics. Columbia University Press.
- Katzenstein, P. J. (ed.). (1996b). The culture of national security: Norms and identity in world politics. Columbia University Press.
- Kenez, L. (2021, December 3). VP confirms Turkish intelligence was involved in Nagorno-Karabakh war, refuting long-denied claim. Nordic Monitor. https://nordicmonitor.com/2021/12/vice-president-confirms-turkish-intelligence-involved-in-nagorno-karabakh-war-refuting-long-denied-claim/.
- Kharatyan-Araqelyan, H. (2010). Research in Armenia: Whom to forgive? What to forgive? In L. Neyzi, & H. Kharatyan-Araqelyan (Eds.), Speaking to One another: Personal memories of the past in Armenia and Turkey. DVV International.
- Kowert, P., & Legro, J. (1996). Norms, identity, and their limits: A theoretical reprise. In P. J. Katzenstein (Ed.), The culture of national security: Norms and identity in world politics. Columbia University Press.
- Kucera, J. (2021, July 16). What’s the future of Azerbaijan’s ‘ancestral lands’ in Armenia? Eurasianet. https://eurasianet.org/whats-the-future-of-azerbaijans-ancestral-lands-in-armenia.
- Lapid, Y., & Kratochwil, F. (1996). The return of culture and identity in IR theory. Lynn Rienner Publishers.
- Leupold, D. (2020). Embattled dreamlands: The politics of contesting Armenian, kurdish and turkish memory. Routledge.
- Manukyan, G. (2021, December 14). Tʻurkʻerě kʻaghakʻum en. Yerkir. https://m.yerkir.am/news/view/256386.html.
- Martinez, O. (1994). The dynamics of border interaction: New approaches to border analysis. In C. H. Schofield (Ed.), Global boundaries, world boundaries, vol. 1. Routledge.
- Marutyan, H. (2009). Iconography of Armenian identity. Volume 1: The memory of genocide and the karabagh movement. Yerevan: Gitutyun Publishing House.
- News am. (2021a, March 27). Armen Grigoryani skandalayin haytararutʻyuně Tʻurkʻian tʻshnami petutʻyun hamarelu masin. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIpbgrOFpIE.
- News am. (2021b, September 19). Jinseri vra tʻurkʻagan droshov yeritasardner Hanrapetutyan hraparakum. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kix7pnyfmFA.
- News am. (2022, February 21). Ughigh: ‘Chʻenk tʻoghnelu estegh Tʻurkʻ mtni’. Paterazmi masnakitsʻner chanaparh en pʻakel. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAZvfSARRUQ.
- Newspress am. (2021, February 27). “Arantsʻ tʻurkʻi Hayastan”. Baghramyan poghotayum Pashinyani hrazharakani pahanjov hanrahavak. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MkrnAQhrLI.
- Nikoghosyan, A. (2017). Hayastani ‘tʻurkʻakan hamaynkě’. In G. Shagoyan (Ed.), Chʻlsvogh dzayner. Hishoghutyunn u hethishoghutyuně banavor patmutʻyunnerum. IAE Publishing.
- Ohanyan, A. (2007). On money and memory: Political economy of cross-border engagement on the politically divided Armenia-Turkey frontier, Conflict, Security & Development 7(4), 579–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678800701692993
- Ó Tuathail, G. (1999). Understanding critical geopolitics: Geopolitics and risk society. Journal of Strategic Studies, 22(2-3), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402399908437756
- Paasi, A. (1998). Boundaries as social processes: Territoriality in the world of flows. Geopolitics, 3(1), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650049808407608
- Paasi, A. (2001). Europe as a social process and discourse. European Urban and Regional Studies, 8(1), 7–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/096977640100800102
- Panorama.am. (2022, October 15). Shutov ěndameně 150.000 dollari timatsʻ Tʻurkerě kkaroghanan darʻnal HH Kʻghakʻatsʻi. Iravaban. https://rb.gy/hvycs4
- Parliamentary Assembly. (2021). Humanitarian consequences of the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan / Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Resolution 2391, Council of Europe.
- Pashinyan, N. [@NikolPashinyan]. (2020, October 1). Twitter. https://twitter.com/nikolpashinyan/status/1311635330106351618.
- Republic of Armenia. (2020). National Security Strategy of the Republic of Armenia: Resilient Armenia in a Changing World. https://www.gov.am/en/National-Security-Strategy/.
- Reuters. (2022, September 13). Turkey backs Azerbaijan, says Armenia ‘should cease provocations’. https://www.reuters.com/world/turkeys-says-armenia-should-cease-provocations-with-azerbaijan-2022-09-13/.
- Ringmar, E. (1996). Identity, interest and action: A cultural explanation of Sweden’s intervention in the thirty years War. Cambridge University Press.
- Roth, A. (2020, December 15). Two men beheaded in videos from Nagorno-Karabakh identified. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/15/two-men-beheaded-in-videos-from-nagorno-karabakh-war-identified.
- Safrastyan, R. (2021, November 20). Tʻurkʻaget. ‘Merdzavor Arevelkʻn ir bolor khndirnerov nerkhuzhum e mer taratsashrjan’. Interview by Marine Martirosyan. Hetq. https://hetq.am/hy/article/138086.
- Seferian, N. (2017). The clash of turkish and Armenian narratives: The imperative for a comprehensive and nuanced public memory. Sabanci University.
- Soylu, G. (2020, December 11). Why Turkey returned to the Caucasus after a hundred years. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-azerbaijan-armenia-caucasus-return-why.
- Stein, B. (1977). Circulation and the historical geography of tamil country. The Journal of Asian Studies, 37(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/2053325
- Stronski, P. (2021, June 23). The Shifting Geography of the South Caucasus. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/06/23/shifting-geography-of-south-caucasus-pub-84814.
- Sukiasyan, L. (2022, January 21). Patuhanis tak gorʻum ein ‘Tʻurkʻ’, u du terʻoritsʻ es khosum, Gegham? Lusine Badalyan. Aravot. https://www.aravot.am/2022/01/21/1242678/.
- Tass. (2021, April 14). Pashinyan says about 4,000 Armenian troops killed in Nagorno-Karabakh. https://tass.com/world/1277921.
- Tastekin, F. (2022, October 11). Turkey's stance complicates potential peace between Armenia, Azerbaijan. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/10/turkeys-stance-complicates-potential-peace-between-armenia-azerbaijan#ixzz7iskO4FSu.
- Ter-Matevosyan, V. (2021). Deadlocked in history and geopolitics: Revisiting Armenia–Turkey relations. Digest of Middle East Studies, 30(3), 155–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12242
- Tilly, C. (2004). Social boundary mechanisms. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 34(2), 211–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0048393103262551
- TRT World. (2020, September 29). Turkey with Azerbaijan ‘in battlefield, on negotiation table’. https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-with-azerbaijan-in-battlefield-on-negotiation-table-40143.
- Turan. (2021, March 4). Famous general killed in helicopter crash in Turkey. https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2021/3/free/Worldwide/en/1932.htm
- UNHCR. (2020, November 11). Mercenaries in and around the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone must be withdrawn – UN experts. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26494.
- Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge University Press.
- Wilson, A. (2005). Virtual politics: Faking democracy in the former soviet world. Yale University Press.
- Zolyan, M. and Zakaryan, T. (2008). The image of ‘self’ and ‘other’ in Armenian history textbooks. In L. Vesely (Ed.), Contemporary history textbooks in the south Caucasus, Prague: Association for International Affairs.