Institutional enterprise as a compromise: the national organization of science in France

References

• Anizan, Anne-Laure. 2012. Paul Painlevé: science et politique de la Belle Époque aux années trente [Paul Painlevé: Science and Politics from the Belle Epoque to the 1930s]. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes.
   Google Scholar
• Agar, Jon. 2013. Science in the 20th Century and Beyond. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Appell, Paul. 1923. Souvenirs d’un Alsacien. 1858–1922 [Souvenir of an Alsatian]. Paris: Payot.
   Google Scholar
• Battilana, Julie, Bernard Leca, and Eva Boxenbaum. 2009. “How Actors Change Institutions: Towards a Theory of Institutional Entrepreneurship.” Academy of Management Annals 3: 65–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belot, Robert. 2000. “Quand l’Académie des sciences découvre la technologie.” [When the Academy of Sciences Met the Technolgy.] In La technologie au risque de l’histoire, edited by Robert Belot, Michel Cotte, and Pierre Lamard, 415–427. Paris: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-David, Joseph. 1970. “The Rise and Decline of France as a Scientific Centre.” Minerva 8 (2): 160–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-David, Joseph, and Teresa A. Sullivan. 1975. “Sociology of Science.” Annual Review of Sociology 1 (1): 203–222.10.1146/annurev.so.01.080175.001223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoit, Serge, Gérard Emptoz, and Denis Woronoff, eds. 2006. Encourager l’innovation en France et en Europe: autour du bicentenaire de la Société d’encouragement pour l’industrie nationale [Encouraging the Innovation in France and in Europe: Around the Bicentenary of the Société d’encouragement à l’industrie nationale]. Paris: Éditions du CTHS.
   Google Scholar
• Blancpain, Frédéric. 1974. “La création du CNRS: histoire d’une décision (1901–1939).” [The Creation of the CNRS: History of a Decision (1901–1939).] Bulletin de l’Institut international d’administration publique 32: 93–143.
   Google Scholar
• Bret, Patrice. 2002. L’État, l’armée, la science. L’invention de la recherche publique en France [The State, the Army, Science. The Invention of Public Research in France]. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes.
   Google Scholar
• Bucheli, Marcelo, and Rohit Daniel Wadhwani, eds. 2014. Organizations in Time: History, Theory, Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Butrica, Andrew J. 1988. “Société d’encouragement pour l’industrie nationale. Preliminary Inventory of the Archives.” History and Technology 6 (4): 325–334. doi:10.1080/07341518908581756.
   Google Scholar
• Cassier, Maurice. 2008. “Producing, Controlling, and Stabilizing Pasteur’s Anthrax Vaccine: Creating a New Industry and a Health Market.” Science in Context 21 (2): 253–278. doi:10.1017/S0269889708001713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambelland, Colette. 1998. Le Musée social en son temps [The Musée social in its time]. Paris: Presses de l’École normale supérieure.
   Google Scholar
• Charle, Christophe. 1987. Les élites de la république: 1881–1900 [The Elites of the Republic]. Paris: Fayard.
   Google Scholar
• Charle, Christophe. 1994. La république des universitaires, 1870–1940 [The Republic of Academics]. Paris: Seuil.
   Google Scholar
• Chatriot, Alain. 2006. “Entrepreneurs de réforme et innovations organisationnelles dans l’entre-deux-guerres.” [Entrepreneurs of Reform and Organizational Innovations in the Inter-war Period.] Revue française d’administration publique 120: 635–650.10.3917/rfap.120.0635
   Google Scholar
• Chatriot, Alain. 2013. “Les Offices : Une Innovation Institutionnelle Ou Un Problème Pour Le Contrôle Budgétaire ?” In L’invention de La Gestion Des Finances Publiques. Volume II: Du Contrôle de La Dépense à La Gestion Des Services Publics (1914–1967), edited by Philippe Bezes, Florence Descamps, Sébastien Kott, and Lucile Tallineau, 159–78. Vincennes: Institut de la gestion publique et du développement économique. doi: 10.4000/books.igpde.2903.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, Elizabeth. 1980. “The Prize System of the Academy of Sciences, 1850–1914.” In The Organization of Science and Technology in France, 1808–1914, edited by Robert Fox and George Weisz, 283–307. Cambrigde: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crosland, Maurice. 1976. “Science and the Franco-Prussian War.” Social Studies of Science 6 (2): 185–214.10.1177/030631277600600202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosland, Maurice, and Antonio Gálvez. 1989. “The Emergence of Research Grants within the Prize System of the French Academy of Sciences, 1795–1914.” Social Studies of Science 19 (1): 71–100.10.1177/030631289019001002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debré, Patrice. 2000. Louis Pasteur. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Druelle-Korn, Clotilde. 2012. “De la pensée à l'action économique : Étienne Clémentel (1864-1936), un ministre visionnaire.” [From Thought to Economic Action: Étienne Clémentel (1864–1936), A Visionary Minister.] Histoire@Politique 16: 40–54.10.3917/hp.016.0040
   Google Scholar
• Eidelman, Jacqueline. 1986. “Science industrielle contre science pure : la professionnalisation de la recherche dans les années 1930.” [Industrial Science vs Pure Science: The Professionalization of Research in the 1930s.] In Les ingénieurs de la crise. Titre et profession entre les deux guerres, edited by André Grelon, 113–133. Paris: Édition de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales.
   Google Scholar
• Favero, Giovanni. 2017. “A reciprocal Legitimation: Corrado Gini and Statistics in Fascist Italy.” Management and Organizational History 12 (3).
   Google Scholar
• Fligstein, Neil, and Doug McAdam. 2012. A Theory of Fields. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fontanon, Claudine. 1998. “La naissance de l'aérodynamique expérimentale et ses applications à l'aviation: une nouvelle configuration socio-technique.” [The Birth of Experimental Aerodynamic and its Application to Aviation.] In Histoire de la mécanique appliquée: Enseignement, recherche et pratiques mécaniciennes en France après 1880, edited by Claudine Fontanon, 57–88. Paris: SFHST and ENS Éditions.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, Robert. 2012. The Savant and the State: Science and Cultural Politics in Nineteenth-century France. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, Robert, and George Weisz, eds. 1980. The Organization of Science and Technology in France, 1808–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fridenson, Patrick. 1987. “Un tournant taylorien de la société française (1904–1918)”. Annales, Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 42 (5): 1031–60. doi:10.3406/ahess.1987.283435.
   Google Scholar
• Fridenson, Patrick. 1977. 1914–1918, l’autre front [1914–1918, the Other Front]. Paris: Les Éditions ouvrières.
   Google Scholar
• Galvez-Behar, Gabriel. 2005. “Le savant, l’inventeur et le politique ou le rôle du sous-secrétariat d’État aux inventions durant la Première Guerre mondiale.” [The Savant, the Inventor and the Politician or the Role of the Under-secretaryship of Inventions during WWI.] Vingtième Siècle. Revue d’histoire 85: 103–17. doi:10.3917/ving.085.0103.
   Google Scholar
• Gispert, Hélène. 2015. La France mathématique de la IIIe République avant la Grande Guerre [Mathematical France of the Third Republic before the Great War]. Marseille: Société mathématique de France.
   Google Scholar
• Guthleben, Denis. 2013. “La construction du grand électro-aimant de l’Académie des sciences.” [The Construction of the Academy of Sciences Grand Electroaimant]. Histoire de la recherche contemporaine. La revue du Comité pour l’histoire du CNRS 2 (1): 82–93. doi:10.4000/hrc.768.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, Odile. 2000. “Henry Le Chatelier et le taylorisme.” [Henry Le Chatelier and Taylorism.] Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 133 (1): 79–88. doi:10.3406/arss.2000.2682.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, Odile. 2013. Les guérisseurs de l’économie: Ingénieurs-conseils en quête de pouvoir [Healers of the Economy: Consulting Engineers in Search of Power]. Paris: CNRS éditions.
   Google Scholar
• Horne, Janet R. 2002. A Social Laboratory for Modern France: The Musée Social and the Rise of the Welfare State. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jas, Nathalie. 2000. Au carrefour de la chimie et de l’agriculture: les sciences agronomiques en France et en Allemagne, 1850–1914 [At the Crossroad of Chemistry and Agriculture : Agronomic Sciences in France and Germany, 1850–1914]. Paris: Éditions des archives contemporaines.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, B. Zorina. 2015. “Inventing Prizes: A Historical Perspective on Innovation Awards and Technology Policy.” Business History Review 89 (4): 631–660. doi:10.1017/S0007680515001014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Chatelier, Henry. 1914. “Les encouragements à la recherche scientifique.” Musée social. Mémoires et documents: 58–88.
   Google Scholar
• Letté, Michel. 2004. Henry Le Chatelier (1850–1936) ou la science appliquée à l’industrie [Henry Le Chatelier (1850–1936) or Applied Science to Industry]. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes.
   Google Scholar
• MacLeod, Christine. 2007. Heroes of Invention: Technology, Liberalism and British Identity, 1750–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marais, Jean-Luc. 1999. Histoire du don en France de 1800 à 1939: Dons et legs charitables, pieux et philanthropiques [History of the Gift in France from 1800 to 1939: Charitable, Pious and Philanthropic Gifts and Legacies]. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes.
   Google Scholar
• Merton, Robert K. 1968. “The Matthew Effect in Science: The Reward and Communication Systems of Science are Considered.” Science 159 (3810): 56–63. doi:10.1126/science.159.3810.56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney, James. 2000. “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology.” Theory and Society 29 (4): 507–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moissinac, Christine, and Yves Roussel. 2010. Jules-Louis Breton (1878–1940): un savant parlementaire [Jules-Louis Breton (1878–1940) A Parliamentary Scientist]. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes.
   Google Scholar
• Morize-Charpentier, Micheline. 1997. Jean Perrin, 1870–1942: savant et homme politique [Jean Perrin, 1870–1942: Scientist and Politician]. Paris: Belin.
   Google Scholar
• Nye, Mary Joe. 1986. Science in the Provinces. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Painlevé, Paul, and Émile Borel. 1910. L’aviation. Paris: Felix Alcan.
   Google Scholar
• Painlevé, Paul. 1918. “Allocution.” Comptes rendus hebdomadaires de l'Académie des sciences. 167 (23): 797–810.
   Google Scholar
• Paul, Harry W. 1985. From Knowledge to Power. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511529672
   Google Scholar
• Pestre, Dominique. 1992. Physique et physiciens en France: 1918–1940 [Physics and Physicists in France: 1918–1940]. Paris: Éditions des archives contemporaines.
   Google Scholar
• Pestre, Dominique. 1997. “The Moral and Political Economy of French Scientists in the First Half of the 20th Century.” History and Technology 13 (4): 241–248.10.1080/07341519708581909
   Google Scholar
• Picard, Jean-François. 1990. La république des savants: la recherche française et le CNRS [The Scientists’ Republic: French Research and the CNRS]. Paris: Flammarion.
   Google Scholar
• Pinault, Michel. 2006. La science au Parlement: les débuts d’une politique des recherches scientifiques en France [Science in Parliament: The Beginnings of a Scientific Research Policy in France]. Paris: CNRS éditions.
   Google Scholar
• Roussel, Yves. 1985. “Mode d’élaboration des politiques scientifiques en France au XXe siècle.” [Mode of Development of Scientific Policies in France in the 20th Century.] Dissertation, École des hautes études en sciences sociales.
   Google Scholar
• Roussel, Yves. 1989. “L’histoire d’une politique des inventions.” [The History of an Invention Policy.] Cahiers pour l’histoire du CNRS 3: 19–57.
   Google Scholar
• Schauz, Désirée. 2014. “What is Basic Research? Insights from Historical Semantics.” Minerva 52 (3): 273–328. doi:10.1007/s11024-014-9255-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinn, Terry. 1979. “The French Science Faculty System, 1808–1914: Institutional Change and Research Potential in Mathematics and the Physical Sciences.” Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 10: 271–332. doi:10.2307/27757392.
   Google Scholar
• Shinn, Terry. 1980. “Division du savoir et spécificité organisationnelle: Les laboratoires de recherche industrielle en France.” Revue Française de Sociologie 21 (1): 3–35. doi:10.2307/3320898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinn, Terry. 1989. “Progress and Paradoxes in French Science and Technology 1900–1930.” Social Science Information 28 (4): 659–683. doi:10.1177/053901889028004001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinn, Terry. 1993. “The Bellevue Grand Électroaimant, 1900–1940: Birth of a Research-technology Community.” Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 24: 157–187. doi:10.2307/27757715.
   Google Scholar
• Thelen, Kathleen. 2003. “How Institutions Evolve : Insights from Comparative Historical Analysis.” In Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences, edited by James Mahoney et Dietrich Rueschemeyer, 208-240. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511803963
   Google Scholar
• Topalov, Christian. 1999. Laboratoires du nouveau siècle. La nébuleuse réformatrice et ses réseaux en France, 1880-1914 [Laboratories of the New Century. The Reform Nebula and its Networks in France, 1880–1914]. Paris: Éditions de l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales.
   Google Scholar
• Weart, Spencer. 1979. “Jean Perrin and the Reorganization of science.” Physics Today 32 (6): 42–51. doi:10.1063/1.2995586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisz, George. 1983. The Emergence of Modern Universities in France, 1863–1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weisz, George. 1995. The Medical Mandarins: The French Academy of Medicine in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. New-York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar