‘Home is Never Fully Achieved … Even When We Are In it’: Migration, Belonging and Social Exclusion within Punjabi Transnational Mobility

References

• Ahmed, Sara. 2000. Strange Encounters: Embodied Others in Post-coloniality. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ashutosh, Ishan. 2012. “South Asians in Toronto: Geographies of Transnationalism, Diaspora and the Settling of Differences in the City.” South Asian Diaspora 4 (1): 95–109.
   Google Scholar
• Ballard, Roger. 1994. “Introduction: The Emergence of Desh Pardesh.” In Desh Pardesh: The South Asian presence in Britain, edited by Roger Ballard, 1–34. London: Hurst.
   Google Scholar
• Ballard, Roger. 2003. “The South Asian Presence in Britain and its Transnational Connections.” In Culture and Economy in the Indian Diaspora, edited by Bhikhu Parekh, Gurharpal Singh and Steven Vertovec, 197–222. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ballard, Roger. 2004. “A Case of Capital-rich Underdevelopment: The Paradoxical Consequences of Successful Transnational Entrepreneurship from Mirpur.” In Migration, Modernity and Social Transformation in South Asia, edited by Fillipo Osella and Katy Gardner, 25–57. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Bhachu, Parminder. 1985. Twice Migrants: East African Sikh Settlers in Britain. London: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Blunt, Alison, and Robyn Dowling. 2006. Home. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brah, Avtar. 1996. Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brass, Tom. 2008. “Capitalism and Bonded Labour in India: Reinterpreting Recent (Re)Interpretations.” Journal of Peasant Studies 35 (2): 177–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burdsey, Daniel. 2006. “‘If I Ever Play Football, Dad, Can I Play for England or India ?’: British Asians, Sport and Diasporic National Identities.” Sociology 40 (1): 11–28.
   Google Scholar
• Clifford, James. 1994. “Diasporas.” Cultural Anthropology 9 (3): 302–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cresswell, Tim. 2010. “Mobilities 1: Catching Up.” Progress in Human Geography. 35 (4): 550–558.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdal, Marta. 2012. “‘A Place to Stay in Pakistan’: Why Migrants Build Houses in their Place of Origin.” Population, Space and Place 18 (5): 629–641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortier, Anne-Marie. 2003. “Making Home: Queer Migrations and Motions of Attachment.” In Uprootings/Regroupings: Questions of Home and Migration, edited by Sara Ahmed, Claudia Castaneda, Anne-Marie Fortier, and Mimi Sheller, 115–137. Oxford: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, Katy. 1995. Global Migrants, Local Lives: Travel and Transformation in Rural Bangladesh. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ghaill, Mairtin Mac an, and Chris Haywood. 2011. “‘Nothing to Write Home About’: Troubling Concepts of Home, Racialization and Self in Theories of Irish Male (e)migration.” Cultural Sociology 5 (3): 385–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilroy, Paul. 1993. The Black Atlantic: Double Consciousness and Modernity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Stuart. 1990. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” In Identity: Community, Culture, Difference, edited by Jonathan Rutherford, 222–237. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Kathleen. 2002. Lives in Translation: Sikh Youth as British Citizens. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hannam, Kevin, Mimi Sheller, and John Urry. 2006. “Editorial: Mobilities, Immobilities and Moorings.” Mobilities 1 (1): 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Hardtmann, Eva-Maria. 2009. The Dalit Movement in India: Local Practices, Global Connections. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Helweg, Arthur Wesley. 1979. Sikhs in England: The Development of a Migrant Community. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Herbert, Joanna. 2012. “The British Ugandan Asian Diaspora: Multiple and Contested Belongings.” Global Networks 12 (3): 296–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jodhka, Surinder Singh. 2002. “Caste and Untouchability in Rural Punjab.” Economic and Political Weekly 37: 1813–1823.
   Google Scholar
• Jodhka, Surinder Singh. 2004. “Sikhism and the Caste Question: Dalits and their Politics in Contemporary Punjab.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 38: 165–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jodhka, Surinder Singh. 2009. “The Ravi Dasis of Punjab: Global Contours of Caste and Religious Strife.” Economic and Political Weekly 44 (24): 79–85.
   Google Scholar
• Judge, Paramjit Singh, and Gurpreet Bal. 2008. “Understanding the Paradox of Changes among Dalits in Punjab.” Economic and Political Weekly 43 (39): 49–55.
   Google Scholar
• Kaur, Ravinder. 2005. “Economic Reforms, Inter-state Labour Migration and Employment Patterns in Rural Punjab.” PhD diss., Panjab University, Chandigarh.
   Google Scholar
• Kessinger, Tom G. 1974. Vilayatpur 1848–1968: Social and Economic Change in a North Indian Village. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• King, Russell, and Anastasia Christou. 2011. “Of Counter-diaspora and Reverse Transnationalism: Return Mobilities to and from the Anscestral Homeland.” Mobilities 6 (4): 451–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, Karen. 1997. The South Asian Americans. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lessinger, Johanna. 2003. “Indian Immigrants in the United States: The Emergence of a Transnational Population.” In Culture and Economy in the Indian Diaspora, edited by Bhikhu Parekh, Gurharpal Singh, and Steven Vertovec, 165–182. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Levitt, Peggy, Kristen Luckens, and Melissa Barnett. 2011. “Beyond Home and Return: Negotiating Religious Identity across Time and Space through the Prism of the American Experience.” Mobilities 6 (4): 467–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallett, Shelley. 2004. “Understanding Home: A Critical Review of the Literature.” The Sociological Review 52 (1): 62–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mand, Kanwal. 2010. “Gender, the Life Course and Home Making across Tanzania, Britain and Indian Punjab.” To Migrations, Mobility and Multiple Affiliations: Punjabis in a Transnational World. International Conference, Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, March.
   Google Scholar
• Mcleod, Hew. 1986. Punjabis in New Zealand. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University.
   Google Scholar
• Mooney, Nicola. 2006. “Aspiration, Reunification and Gender Transformation in Jat Sikh Marriages from India to Canada.” Global Networks 6 (4): 389–403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osella, Fillipo, and Caroline Osella. 2000. Social Mobility in Kerala: Modernity and Identity in Conflict. London: Pluto.
   Google Scholar
• Puri, Harish K. 2003. “Scheduled Castes in Sikh Community: An Historical Perspective.” Economic and Political Weekly 30: 2693–2701.
   Google Scholar
• Ram, Ronki. 2007. “Social Exclusion, Resistance and Deras in Punjab: Exploring the Myth of Casteless Sikh Society in Punjab.” Economic and Political Weekly 42 (40): 4066–4074.
   Google Scholar
• Ram, Ronki. 2012. “Beyond Conversion and Sankritisation: Articulating and Alternative Dalit Agenda in East Punjab.” Modern Asian Studies 46 (3): 639–702.
   Google Scholar
• Ramji, Hasmita. 2006. “British Indians ‘Returning Home’: An Exploration of Transnational Belongings.” Sociology 40 (4): 645–662.
   Google Scholar
• Rapport, Nigel, and Andrew Dawson. 1998. “Home and Movement: A Polemic.” In Migrants of Identity: Perceptions of Home in a World of Movement, edited by Nigel Rapport, and Andrew Dawson. Oxford: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, Gurharpal, and Darshan Singh Tatla. 2006. Sikhs in Britain: The Making of a Community. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Skeggs, Beverley. 2004. Class, Self, Culture. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, Steve, and Manjit Singh. 2009. “Bonded Labour and Social Exclusion in Punjab, India.” To Punjab Research Group International Seminar, Coventry University, UK, June.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, Steve, Manjit Singh, and Deborah Booth. 2007. “Migration, Development and Inequality: Eastern Punjabi Transnationalism.” Global Networks 7 (3): 328–347.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thandi, Shinder Singh. 2010. “Punjabi Diaspora: Conceptualizing and Evaluating Impacts of Diaspora-homeland Linkages.” To Migrations, Mobility and Multiple Affiliations: Punjabis in a Transnational World. International Conference, Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, March.
   Google Scholar
• Tolia-Kelly, Divya P. 2004. “Locating Processes of Identification: Studying the Precipitates of Re-memory through Artifacts in the British Asian Home.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 29 (3): 314–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varghese, V. J., and S. Irudaya Rajan. 2010. “Migration as a Transnational Enterprise: Migrations from Eastern Punjab and the Question of Social Licitness.” To Migrations, Mobility and Multiple Affiliations: Punjabis in a Transnational World. International Conference, Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, March.
   Google Scholar
• Verma, Archana B. 2002. The Making of Little Punjab in Canada: Patterns of Immigration. New Delhi: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Vertovec, Steve. 1999. “Conceiving and Researching Transnationalism.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 22 (2): 447–462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vertovec, Steve. 2004. “Cheap Calls: The Social Glue of Migrant Transnationalism.” Global Networks 4 (2): 219–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voigt-Graf, Carmen. 2003. “Indians at Home in the Antipodes: Migrating with PhDs, Bytes or Kava in their Bags.” In Culture and Economy in the Indian Diaspora, edited by Bhikhu Parekh, Gurharpal Singh and Steven Vertovec, 142–164. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Walton-Roberts, Margaret. 2004. “Transnational Migration Theory in Population Geography: Gendered Practices in Networks Linking Canada and India.” Population, Space and Place 10: 361–373.
   Google Scholar
• Wiles, Janine. 2008. “Sense of Home in a Transnational Social Space: New Zealanders in London.” Global Networks 8 (1): 116–137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar