Publication Cover
Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
An International Interdisciplinary Journal for Research, Policy and Care
Volume 8, 2013 - Issue 4
2,413
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Risk factors for vulnerable youth in urban townships in South Africa: The potential contribution of reactive attachment disorder

, , &
Pages 310-320 | Received 24 May 2012, Accepted 04 Dec 2012, Published online: 18 Jan 2013

References

  • Angold, A., & Costello, E. (2000). The child and adolescent psychiatric assessment (CAPA). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 39–48.
  • Bennett, J., Espie, C., Duncan, B., & Minnis, H. (2009). A qualitative exploration of children’s understanding of indiscriminate friendliness. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 14, 595–618. doi: 10.1177/1359104509339137
  • Bhana, A. (2010). Middle childhood and pre-adolescence. In I. Peterson, A. Bhana, A. Flisher, L. Swartz, & L. Richter (Eds.), Promoting mental health in scare-resource contexts (pp. 124--142). Cape Town: HSRC Press.
  • Breidenstine, A. S., Bailey, L. O., Zeanah, C. H., & Larrieu, J. A. (2011). Attachment and trauma in early childhood: A review. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 4, 274–290.
  • Cluver, L., Gardner, F., & Operario, D. (2009). Poverty and psychological health among AIDS-orphaned children in Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Care, 21, 732–741. doi: 10.1080/09540120802511885
  • Cluver, L., Orkin, M., Boyes, M., Gardner, F., & Meinck, F. (2011). Transactional sex amongst AIDS-orphaned and AIDS-affected adolescents predicted by abuse and extreme poverty. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 58, 336–343. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31822f0d82
  • Cluver, L., Orkin, M., Boyes, M. E., Gardner, F., & Nikelo, J. (2012). AIDS-orphanhood and caregiver HIV/AIDS sickness status: Effects on psychological symptoms in South African youth. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 37, 857--867. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jss004
  • Collins, P. Y., Patel, V., Joestl, S. S., March, D., Insel, T. R., Daar, A. S., … Walport, M. (2011). Grand challenges in global mental health. Nature, 475, 27–30.
  • Cooper, P. J., Tomlinson, M., Swartz, L., Woolgar, M., Murray, L., & Molteno, C. (1999). Post-partum depression and the mother–infant relationship in a South African peri-urban settlement. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 554–558.
  • Cortina, M. A., Sodha, A., Fazel, M., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2012). Prevalence of child mental health problems in Sub-saharan Africa: A systematic review. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 166, 276.
  • Earls, F., Raviola, G. J., & Carlson, M. (2008). Promoting child and adolescent mental health in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 295–312.
  • Fearon, R., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A. M., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behavior: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 81, 435–456.
  • Futh, A., O’Connor, T. G., Matias, C., Green, J., & Scott, S. (2008). Attachment narratives and behavioral and emotional symptoms in an ethnically diverse, at-risk sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 709–718. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816bff65
  • Gleason, M. M., Fox, N. A., Drury, S., Smyke, A., Egger, H. L., Nelson, C. A., … Zeanah, C. H. (2011). Validity of evidence-derived criteria for reactive attachment disorder: Indiscriminately social/disinhibited and emotionally withdrawn/inhibited types. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 216--231.
  • Glowinski, A. L. (2011). Reactive attachment disorder: An evolving entity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 210–212.
  • Green, J., Stanley, C., Smith, V., & Goldwyn, R. (2000). A new method of evaluating attachment representations in young school-age children: The Manchester Child Attachment Story Task. Attachment & Human Development, 2, 48–70.
  • Jewkes, R., Morrell, R., & Christofides, N. (2009). Empowering teenagers to prevent pregnancy: Lessons from South Africa. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 11, 675–688.
  • Jewkes, R., Penn-Kekana, L., & Rose-Junius, H. (2005). “If they rape me, I can’t blame them”: Reflections on gender in the social context of child rape in South Africa and Namibia. Social Science & Medicine, 61, 1809–1820.
  • Kieling, C., Baker-Henningham, H., Belfer, M., Conti, G., Ertem, I., Omigbodun, O., … Rahman, A. (2011). Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: Evidence for action. The Lancet, 374, 1515--1525.
  • Kleintjes, S., Flisher, A., Fick, M., Railoun, A., Lund, C., Molteno, C., … Robertson, B. A. (2006). The prevalence of mental disorders among children, adolescents and adults in the Western Cape, South Africa. African Journal of Psychiatry, 9, 157–160.
  • McLaughlin, A., Espie, C., & Minnis, H. (2010). Development of a brief waiting room observation for behaviours typical of reactive attachment disorder. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 15, 73–79.
  • Meltzer, H., & Britain, G. (2003). The mental health of young people looked after by local authorities in England. London: Stationery Office.
  • Minnis, H., Green, J., O’Connor, T. G., Liew, A., Glaser, D., Taylor, E., … Polmin, R. (2009). An exploratory study of the association between reactive attachment disorder and attachment narratives in early school-age children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 931–942.
  • Minnis, H., Marwick, H., Arthur, J., & McLaughlin, A. (2006). Reactive attachment disorder – a theoretical model beyond attachment. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 15, 336–342.
  • Minnis, H., Reekie, J., Young, D., O’connor, T., Ronald, A., Gray, A., … Polmin, R. (2007). Genetic, environmental and gender influences on attachment disorder behaviours. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 490–495.
  • Nleya, N., & Thompson, L. (2009). Survey methodology in violence-prone Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa. IDS Bulletin, 40, 50–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1759-5436.2009.00038.x
  • Nyirenda, M., McGrath, N., & Newell, M. L. (2010). Gender differentials in the impact of parental death: Adolescent’s sexual behaviour and risk of HIV infection in rural South Africa. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 5, 284–296. doi: 10.1080/17450128.2010.507804
  • O’Connor, T. G., & Gerard Byrne, J. (2007). Attachment measures for research and practice. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 12, 187–192. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2007.00444.x
  • Operario, D., Underhill, K., Chuong, C., & Cluver, L. (2011). HIV infection and sexual risk behaviour among youth who have experienced orphanhood: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 14, 25. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-14-25
  • Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Nikapota, A., & Malhotra, S. (2008). Promoting child and adolescent mental health in low and middle income countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 313–334. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01824.x
  • Potter, D., Chevy, L. C., Amaya-Jackson, L., O’Donnell, K., Murphy, R. A., & Zeanah, C. H., Jr. (2009). Clinical Guidelines Series 2009. Reactive attachment disorder (RAD): Appropriate and inappropriate application of the reactive attachment disorder diagnosis on an age continuum from birth through age 18. Retrieved from http://www.pbhcare.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/radguidelines2009.pdf
  • Rohde, L. A. (2011). The need of epidemiological data on child mental disorders from low-middle income countries. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 20, 497–498.
  • Rutter, M. (2010). Child and adolescent psychiatry: Past scientific achievements and challenges for the future. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19, 689–703.
  • Rutter, M., Kreppner, J., & Sonuga‐Barke, E. (2009). Emanuel miller lecture: Attachment insecurity, disinhibited attachment, and attachment disorders: Where do research findings leave the concepts? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 529–543.
  • Sameroff, A. (2010). A unified theory of development: A dialectic integration of nature and nurture. Child Development, 81, 6–22.
  • Skovgaard, A. M., Houmann, T., Christiansen, E., Landorph, S., Jørgensen, T., Team, C. C. C. S., … Lichtenberg, A. (2007). The prevalence of mental health problems in children 1½ years of age – the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 62–70. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01659.x
  • Thompson, L., Kemp, J., Wilson, P., Pritchett, R., Minnis, H., Toms-Whittle, L., … Gillberg, C. (2010). What have birth cohort studies asked about genetic, pre- and perinatal exposures and child and adolescent onset mental health outcomes? A systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(1), 1–15.
  • Tomlinson, M., Cooper, P., & Murray, L. (2005). The Mother–Infant relationship and infant attachment in a South African Peri-Urban settlement. Child Development, 76, 1044–1054. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00896.x
  • Tomlinson, M., Cooper, P., Stein, A., Swartz, L., & Molteno, C. (2006). Post-partum depression and infant growth in a South African peri-urban settlement. Child: Care, Health and Development, 32, 81--86.
  • Walker, S. P., Wachs, T. D., Grantham-McGregor, S., Black, M. M., Nelson, C. A., Huffman, S. L., … Richter, L. (2011). Inequality in early childhood: Risk and protective factors for early child development. The Lancet, 378, 1325–1338.
  • Zeanah, C. H., & Fox, N. A. (2004). Temperament and attachment disorders. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 33, 32–41. doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3301_4
  • Zeanah, C. H.,& Gleason, M. M. (2010). Reactive attachment disorder: A review for DSM-V. Proposed Revisions: Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence. DSM-5 Development. Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.org/Proposed%20Revision%20Attachments/APA%20DSM-5%20Reactive%20Attachment%20Disorder%20Review.pdf