Effects of lactoferrin supplementation on ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal microbial populations, and immune characteristics of ileal cannulated, healthy, adult dogs

References

• AACC . 1983 . Approved methods , 8th ed , St Paul, MN : American Association of Cereal Chemists .
   Google Scholar
• AOAC . 1995 . Official Methods of Analysis , 15th edition , Arlington, VA : Association of Official Analytical Chemists .
   Google Scholar
• Arnold , R R , Cole , M F and McGhee , J R . 1977 . A bactericidal effect for human lactoferrin . Science , 197 : 263 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artym , J , Zimecki , M and Kruzel , M L . 2004 . Enhanced clearance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in mice treated with cyclophosphamide and lactoferrin . Int Immunopharm , 4 : 1149 – 1157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumel , S , Knackmuss , H and Stolz , A . 2002 . Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene coding for the aerobic azoreductase from Xenophilus azovorans KF46F . Appl Environ Microbiol , 68 : 3948 – 3955 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brock , J H . 2002 . The physiology of lactoferrin . Biochem Cell Biol , 80 : 1 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant , M P and Burkey , L A . 1953 . Cultural methods and some characteristics of some of the more numerous groups of bacteria in the bovine rumen . J Dairy Sci , 36 : 205 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budde , E F . 1952 . The determination of fat in baked biscuit type dog foods . J Assoc Off Agric Chem , 35 : 799 – 805 .
   Google Scholar
• Chaney , A L and Marbach , E P . 1962 . Modified reagents for determining urea and ammonia . Clin Chem , 8 : 130 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , H , Wang , R and Cerniglia , C E . 2004 . Molecular cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of an aerobic FMN-dependent azoreductase from Enterococcus faecalis . Prot Express Purif , 34 : 302 – 310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debbabi , H , Dubarry , M , Ranntureau , M and Tome , D . 1998 . Bovine lactoferrin induces both mucosal and systemic immune response in mice . J Dairy Res , 65 : 283 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Drug Administration . 1992 . Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Method #196 , 7th edition Arlington, VA
   Google Scholar
• Flickinger , E A , Schreijen , E MWC , Patil , A R , Hussein , H S , Merchen , N R and Fahey , G C Jr . 2003 . Nutrient digestibilities, microbial populations, and fecal and urinary odor components as affected by fructan supplementation of dog diets . J Anim Sci , 81 : 2008 – 2018 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francesca , B , Ajello , M , Bosso , P , Morea , C , Andrea , P , Giovanni , A and Piera , V . 2004 . Both lactoferrin and iron influence aggregation and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans . Biometals , 17 : 271 – 278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , G R and Roberfroid , M B . 1995 . Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics . J Nutr , 125 : 1401 – 1412 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada , E , Sugiyama , A , Takeuchi , T , Sitizyo , K , Syuto , B , Yajima , T and Kuwata , T . 1999 . Characteristic transfer of colostral components into cerebrospinal fluid via serum in neonatal pigs . Biol Neonate , 76 : 33 – 43 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hutchens , T W , Henry , J F , Yip , T , Hachey , D L , Schanler , R J , Motil , K J and Garza , C . 1991 . Origin of intact lactoferrin and its DNA-binding fragments found in the urine of human milk-fed preterm infants. Evaluation by stable isotopic enrichment . Pediatr Res , 29 : 243 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legrand , D , Elass , E , Pierce , A and Mazurier , J . 2004 . Lactoferrin and host defence: An overview of its immuno-modulating and anti-inflammatory properties . Biometals , 17 : 225 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liepke , C , Adermann , K , Raida , M , Magert , H , Forssmann , W and Zucht , H . 2002 . Human milk provides peptides highly stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria . Eur J Biochem , 269 : 712 – 718 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lonnerdal , B . 2003 . Nutritional and physiologic significance of human milk proteins . Am J Clin Nutr , 77 : 1537S – 1543S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miehlke , S , Reddy , R , Osato , M S , Ward , P P , Conneely , O M and Graham , D Y . 1996 . Direct activity of recombinant human lactoferrin against Helicobacter pylori . J Clin Microbiol , 34 : 2593 – 2594 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muńoa , F J and Pares , R . 1988 . Selective medium for isolation and enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp . Appl Environ Microbiol , 54 : 1715 – 1718 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakanishi , M , Yatome , C , Ishida , N and Kitade , Y . 2001 . Putative ACP phosphodiesterase gene (acpD) encodes an azoreductase . J Biol Chem , 276 : 46394 – 46399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nara , P L , Winters , K , Rice , J B , Olsen , R G and Krakowka , S . 1983 . Systemic and local intestinal antibody response in dogs given both infective and inactivated canine parvovirus . Am J Vet Res , 44 : 1989 – 1995 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafii , F and Coleman , T . 1999 . Cloning and expression in E. coli of an azoreductase gene from Clostridium spp. and comparison with azoreductase genes from other bacteria . J Basic Microbiol , 39 : 29 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , P K , Parsek , M R , Greenberg , E P and Welsh , M J . 2002 . A component of innate immunity prevents bacterial biofilm development . Nature , 417 : 552 – 555 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki , Y , Yoda , T , Ruhul , A and Sugiura , W . 2001 . Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene coding for azoreductase from Bacillus sp. OY1-2 isolated from soil . J Biol Chem , 276 : 9059 – 9065 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson K , S and Fahey , G C . 2003 . An assessment of prebiotic use in companion animal diets . Comp Cont Educ Prac Vet , 26 : 40S – 49S .
   Google Scholar
• Teraguchi , S , Shin , K , Ogata , T , Kingaku , M , Kaino , A , Miyauchi , H , Fukuwatari , Y and Shimamura , S . 1995a . Orally administered bovine lactoferrin inhibits bacterial translocation in mice fed bovine milk . Appl Environ Microbiol , 61 : 4131 – 4134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teraguchi , S , Shin , K , Ozawa , K , Nakamura , S , Fukuwatari , Y , Tsuyuki , S , Namihira , H and Shimamura , S . 1995b . Bacteriostatic effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on proliferation of Clostridium species in the gut of mice fed bovine milk . Appl Environ Microbiol , 61 : 501 – 506 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teraguchi , S , Wakabayashi , H , Kutawa , H , Yamauchi , K and Tamura , Y . 2004 . Protection against infections by oral lactoferrin: Evaluation in animal models . Biometals , 17 : 231 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Togawa , J , Nagase , H , Tanaka , K , Inamori , M , Nakajima , A , Ueno , N , Saito , T and Sekihara , H. 2002 . Oral administration of lactoferrin reduces colitis in rats via modulation of the immune system and correction of cytokine balance . J Gastroenterol Hepatol , 17 : 1291 – 1298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakabayashi , H , Kuwata , H , Yamauchi , K , Teraguchi , S and Tamura , Y . 2004 . No detectable transfer of dietary lactoferrin or its functional fragments to portal blood in healthy adult rats . Biosci Biotechnol Biochem , 68 : 853 – 860 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , J A , Harmon , D L , Gross , K L and Collins , G F . 1994 . Evaluation of nutrient utilization in the canine using the ileal cannulation technique . J Nutr , 124 : 2672 – 2676S .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams , C H , David , D J and Iismaa , O . 1962 . The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry . J Agric Sci , 59 : 381 – 385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wise , A , Mallet , A K and Rowland , I R . 1982 . Dietary fibre, bacterial metabolism and toxicity of nitrate in the rat . Xenobiotica , 12 : 111 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar