References
- Bell , J M . 1984 . Nutrients and toxicants in rapeseed meal: A review . J Anim Sci , 58 : 996 – 1010 .
- Bertram , H L , Dänner , E , Jeroch , K and Jeroch , H . 1995 . Effect of DL-methionine in a cereal-pea diet on the performance of brown laying hens . Arch Geflügelkde , 59 : 103 – 107 .
- Bockisch , M . 1993 . Nahrungsfette und -öle , Eugen Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart .
- Bolton , W , Carter , T C and Morley-Jones , R . 1976 . The hen's egg: Genetics of taint in eggs from hens fed on rapeseed meal . Br Poultry Sci , 17 : 313 – 320 .
- Butler , E J and Fenwick , G R . 1984 . Trimethylamine and fishy taint in eggs . World Poultry Sci J , 40 : 38 – 51 .
- Dolphin , C T , Roley , J H , Smith , R L , Shepard , E A and Phillips , I R . 1997 . Structural organisation of the human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 gene FMO3, the favoured candidate for fish-odor syndrome, determined directly from genomic DNA . Genomics , 46 : 260 – 267 .
- Dyer , W J . 1945 . Amines in fish muscle I. Colorimetric determination of trimethylamine as the picrate salt . J Fish Res Board Can , 6 : 351 – 358 .
- Fiddler , W , Doerr , R C and Gates , R A . 1991 . Gas-chromatographic method for determination of dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine oxide in fish-meat frankfurters . J Assoc Off Anal Chem , 74 : 400 – 403 .
- Flock , D K and Heil , G . 2002 . A long-term analysis of time trends in the performance profile of white-egg and brown-egg hybrid laying strains based on results of official German random sample tests from 1974/75 to 1997/99 . Arch Geflügelkde , 66 : 1 – 20 .
- GfE . 1999 . Ausschuss für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie: Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Legehennen und Masthühner (Broiler) , DLG-Verlag Frankfurt (Main) .
- Goh , Y K , Clandinin , D R , Robblee , A R and Darlington , K . 1979a . Effect of level of sinapine in a laying ration on the incidence of fishy odor in eggs from brown-shelled egg layers . Can J Anim Sci , 59 : 313 – 316 .
- Goh , Y K , Mueller , M M , Clandinin , D R and Robblee , A R . 1979b . Effects of choline and sinapine bisulfate in a laying ration on the incidence of fishy odor in eggs from brown-shelled egg layers . Can J Anim Sci , 59 : 545 – 549 .
- Goh , Y K , Shires , A , Robblee , A R and Clandinin , D R . 1982 . Effects of supplementing a laying ration containing rapeseed meal with antibiotic drugs on the fishy odor and trimethylamine content of eggs produced by brown-egg layers . Can J Anim Sci , 62 : 919 – 924 .
- Halle , I , Dänicke , S and Rauch , H-W . 2005 . Untersuchungen zur Aminosäurenversorgung von Legehybriden , Vol. 69 , 167 – 174 . Arch Geflügelkd .
- Hegedüs , M , Fekete , S , Veresegyhazy , T , Andrasofszky , E and Brydl , E . 1995 . Effect of methionine and its related-compounds on rumen bacterial-activity . Arch Anim Nutr , 47 : 287 – 294 .
- Hennig , A and Lüdke , C . 1980 . Investigations of the choline requirement of laying hens.1. The influence of different supply with choline on criteria of egg-production . Arch Anim Nutr , 30 : 795 – 804 .
- Hobson-Frohock , A , Fenwick , R G , Land , D G and Curtis , R F . 1975 . Rapeseed meal and egg taint . Brit Poultry Sci , 16 : 219 – 222 .
- Honkatukia , M , Reese , K , Preisinger , R , Tuiskula-Haavisto , M , Weigend , S , Roito , J , Maki-Tanila , A and Vilkki , J . 2005 . Fishy taint in chicken eggs is associated with a substitution within a conserved motif of the FMO3 gene . Genomics , 86 ( 2 ) : 225 – 232 .
- Jeroch , H , Dänicke , S , Brettschneider , J G and Schumann , W . 1999 . Use of treated rapeseed in brown laying hens . Bodenkultur , 50 : 45 – 55 .
- Jeroch , H , Dänicke , S and Zachmann , R . 1995 . Zum Futterwert und zur Eignung von Rapsexpellern in der Legehennenfütterung . Agribiol Res , 48 : 248 – 256 .
- Keshavarz , K and Austic , R E . 1985 . An investigation concerning the possibility of replacing supplemental methionine with choline in practical laying rations . Poultry Sci , 64 : 114 – 118 .
- Leeson , S and Summers , J D . 1978 . Dietary gums and fishy odors in eggs . Poultry Sci , 57 : 314 – 315 .
- Lohmann Tierzucht. 2005. http://www.ltz.de (05.05.2005).
- Lunden , A , Marklund , S , Gustaffson , V and Andersson , L . 2002 . A nonsense mutation in the FMO3 gene underlies fish off-flavour in cow's milk . Genome Res , 12 : 1885 – 1888 .
- Lüdke , C , Hennig , A , Jeroch , H and Richter , G . 1985a . Investigations on the choline requirement of laying hens. 3. The influence of a varied choline supply on the choline content of the liver, the body and the eggs as well as on the weight of the brain and the gallbladder . Arch Anim Nutr , 35 : 629 – 637 .
- Lüdke , C , Jeroch , H , Richter , G and Hennig , A . 1985b . Investigations into the choline requirement of laying hens. 2. The influence of the methionine and fat-content of the ration on choline requirement . Arch Anim Nutr , 35 : 545 – 554 .
- March , B E and MacMillan , C . 1978 . Trimethylamine production in the caeca and small intestine as a cause of fishy taints in eggs . Poult Sci , 58 : 93 – 98 .
- Mead , G C . Microorganisms in the digestive tract of poultry . Proceedings of 9th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition . September 5 – 9 1993 . pp. 138 – 147 . Jelenia Gora, Poland
- Miles , R D , Ruiz , N and Harms , R H . 1986 . Response of laying hens to choline when fed practical diets devoid of supplemental sulfur amino-acids . Poult Sci , 65 : 1760 – 1764 .
- Naumann , C and Bassler , R . 1993 . Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln , Darmstadt : VDLUFA-Verlag .
- Novak , C , Yakout , H and Scheideler , S . 2004 . The combined effects of dietary lysine and total sulfur amino acid level on egg production parameters and egg components in Dekalb Delta laying hens . Poultry Sci , 83 : 977 – 984 .
- NRC . 1994 . Nutrient requirements of poultry. , National Academy of Science , 9th ed. , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
- Pearson , A W , Butler , E J , Curtis , R F , Fenwick , G R , Hobson-Frohock , A and Land , D G . 1979 . Rapeseed meal and egg taint: Demonstration of the metabolic defect in male and female chicks . Vet Rec , 104 : 318 – 319 .
- Parsons , C M and Leeper , R W . 1984 . Choline and methionine supplementation of layer diets varying in protein-content . Poult Sci , 63 : 1604 – 1609 .
- Pearson , A W , Greenwood , N M , Butler , E J , Fenwick , G R and Curl , C L . 1983 . Rapeseed meal and egg taint: Effects of B. campestris meals, progoitrin and potassium thiocyanate on trimethylamine oxidation . J Sci Fd Agric , 34 : 965 – 972 .
- Ratnayake , W MN and Daun , J K . 2004 . “ Chemical composition of canola and rapeseed oils ” . In Rapeseed and canola oil: Production, processing, properties and uses , Edited by: Gunstone , F D . 37 – 78 . Oxford, , UK : Blackwell Publishing/CRC Press .
- Schiemann , R . 1981 . Methodische Richtlinien zur Durchführung von Verdauungsversuchen für die Futterwertschätzung . Arch Anim Nutr , 31 : 13 – 18 .
- Schöne , F , Fritsche , J , Bargholz , J , Leiterer , M , Jahreis , G and Matthäus , B . 1998 . Changes of rapeseed and linseed oil during processing . Fett-Lipid , 100 : 539 – 545 .
- Shafer , D J , Carey , J B and Prochaska , J F . 1996 . Effect of dietary methionine intake on egg component yield and composition . Poult Sci , 75 : 1080 – 1085 .
- Souci , S W , Fachmann , W and Kraut , H . 2000 . Food composition and nutrition tables Compiled by H Scherz & F Senser. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers/Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
- StatSoft Inc . 1994 . Statistica for the Windows™ Operating System Tulsa OK, , USA
- Vahjen , W , Gläser , K , Schäfer , K and Simon , O . 1998 . Influence of xylanase supplemented feed on the development of selected bacterial groups in the intestinal tract of broiler chicks . J Sci Fd Agric , 130 : 489 – 500 .
- Vogt , H . 1993 . Can methionine be partly replaced by choline in layer feed . Landbauforsch Völk , 43 : 34 – 38 .
- Vogt , H and Harnisch , S . 1991 . Choline in laying hen diets . Arch Geflügelkde , 55 : 236 – 240 .
- Vuorela , S , Meyer , A S and Heinonen , M . 2003 . Quantitative analysis of the main phenolics in rapeseed meal and oils processed differently using enzymatic hydrolysis and HPLC . Eur Food Res Technol , 217 : 517 – 523 .
- Willeke , H . 1980 . Der Einfluß von Raps, Cholin und Betain auf die Häufigkeit des Auftretens von Riecheiern . Arch Geflügelkde , 44 : 272 – 275 .
- Zentek , J and Kamphues , J . 2002 . Investigations of antibiotic and dietary influences on egg taint . Wien Tierärztl Monat , 89 : 100 – 106 .