285
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Energy requirement of growing pigs under commercial housing conditions

&
Pages 93-110 | Received 24 May 2013, Accepted 14 Jan 2014, Published online: 20 Mar 2014

References

  • AminoDat® 3.0. 2005. Evonik Degussa GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany.
  • [ARC] Agricultural and Food Research Council. 1981. The nutrient requirements of pigs. Slough (UK): Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.
  • Birkett S, de Lange K. 2001. Limitations of conventional models and a conceptual framework for a nutrient flow representation of energy utilization by animals. Brit J Nutr. 86:647–659.
  • Black JL, Bray HJ, Giles LR. 1999. The thermal and infectious environment. In: Kyriazakis I, editor. A quantitative biology of the pig. Wallingford (UK): CABI Publishing; p. 71–79.
  • Black JL, Campbell RG, Williams IH, James KJ, Davies GT. 1986. Simulation of energy and amino acid utilisation in the pig. Res Dev Agri. 3:121–145.
  • Brandt M, Schuldt A, Mannerkorpi P, Vearasilp T. 1987. Zur enzymatischen Stärkebestimmung im Darminhalt und Kot von Kühen mit hitzestabiler Amylase. Arch Anim Nutr. 37:455. Abstr.
  • Directive Commission. 1998. 98/64/EC, establishing community methods for the determination of amino acids, crude oils and fats, and olanquindox in feedingstuff and amending Directive 71/393/EEC, annex part A, determination of amino acids. Off J Eur Comm L. 257:14–23.
  • Directive Commission. 2000. 45/EC, establishing community methods for the determination of Vitamin A, Vitamin E and tryptophan, annex part C, determination of tryptophan. Off J Eur Comm L. 174:45–50.
  • Dunkin AC, Black JL. 1985. The relationship between energy intake and nitrogen balance in the growing pig. In: Moe PW, Tyrrell HF, Reynolds PJ, editors. Energy metabolism of farm animals. European Association of Animal Production Publication 32. Totowa (NJ): Rowman and Littlefield; p. 110–113.
  • Elbers ARW, den Hartog LA, Verstegen MWA, Zandstra T. 1989. Between- and within-herd variation in the digestibility of feed for growing-finishing pigs. Livest Prod Sci. 23:183–193.
  • [GfE] Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie (Committee for Requirement Standards of the Society of Nutrition Physiology). 2008. Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to pigs. Frankfurt am Main (Germany): DLG-Verlag.
  • Gilbert H, Bidanel JP, Gruand J, Caritez JC, Billon Y, Guillouet P, Lagant H, Noblet J, Sellier P. 2007. Genetic parameters for residual feed intake in growing pigs, with emphasis on genetic relationships with carcass and meat quality traits. J Anim Sci. 85:3182–3188.
  • Gonyou HW, Chapple RP, Frank GR. 1992. Productivity, time budgets and social aspects of eating in pigs penned in groups of five or individually. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 34:291–301.
  • Häller BA. 1989. Betriebsbedingte Variation in der Verwertung der Nahrungsenergie bei wachsenden Schweinen [PhD thesis]. Switzerland: University of Zürich.
  • Klasing KC. 2006. Negative consequences of immune responses: what can be done by nutritionists? In: Martens H, editor. Proc Soc Nutr Physiol. 15:17–23.
  • Knap PW. 1998. Simulation of growth in pigs: evaluation of a model to relate thermoregulation to body protein and lipid content and deposition. Anim Sci. 68:655–679.
  • Kyriazakis I, Emmans GC. 1995. Do breeds of pig differ in the efficiency with which they use a limiting protein supply? Brit J Nutr. 74:183–195.
  • Lochmiller RL, Deerenberg C. 2000. Trade-offs in evolutionary immunology: just what is the cost of immunity? Oikos. 88:87–98.
  • Mayer C, Hauser R. 1999. Ableitung des optimalen Temperaturbereichs für Mastschweine aus dem Liegeverhalten und der Vokalisation [Derivation of optimum temperature range for fattening pigs by lying-behaviour and vocalization]. In: KTBL (Kuratorium für Technik und Bauwesen in der Landwirtschaft), editor. Aktuelle Arbeiten zur artgemäßen Tierhaltung. Darmstadt (Germany): KTBL; p. 129–136.
  • McPhee CP, Kerr JC, Cameron ND. 2001. Peri-partum posture and behaviour of gilts and the location of their piglets in lines selected for components of efficient lean growth. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 71:1–12.
  • Muehlenbein MP, Hirschtick JL, Bonner JZ, Swartz AM. 2010. Toward quantifying the usage costs of human immunity: altered metabolic rates and hormone levels during acute immune activation in men. Am J Hum Biol. 22:546–556.
  • Naumann C, Bassler R. 2001. Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. In: VDLUFA, editor. Methodenbuch, Band III, Verband deutscher landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten. Darmstadt (Germany): Verlag J. Neumann-Neudamm.
  • Noblet J, Perez JM. 1993. Prediction of digestibility of nutrients and energy values of pig diets from chemical analysis. J Anim Sci. 71:3389–3398.
  • Noblet J, Shi XS, Dubois S. 1993. Energy cost of standing activity in sows. Livest Prod Sci. 34:127–136.
  • Noblet J, Karege C, Dubois S, Milgen van J. 1999. Metabolic utilization of energy and maintenance requirements in growing pigs: effects of sex and genotype. J Anim Sci. 77:1208–1216.
  • [NRC] National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine. Washington (DC): National Academy Press.
  • Sandberg FB, Emmans GC, Kyriazakis I. 2005. Partitioning of limiting protein and energy in the growing pig: testing quantitative rules against experimental data. Brit J Nutr. 93:213–224.
  • Sandberg FB, Emmans GC, Kyriazakis I. 2007. The effects of pathogen challenges on the performance of naive and immune animals: the problem of prediction. Animal. 1:67–86.
  • [SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 2001. Version 2001. Cary (NC): Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.
  • Susenbeth A. 1984. Berechnung der Körperzusammensetzung von Schweinen aus dem mit Hilfe von D20 bestimmten Körperwasser [PhD thesis]. Stuttgart (Germany): University of Hohenheim.
  • Susenbeth A. 1995. Factors affecting lysine utilization in growing pigs: an analysis of literature data. Livest Prod Sci. 43:193–204.
  • Susenbeth A. 1996. Verteilung und Verwertung der Umsetzbaren Energie beim wachsenden Schwein. Advances in animal physiology and animal nutrition, No. 23. Berlin: Blackwell Wissenschaftsverlag.
  • Susenbeth A, Menke KH. 1991. Energy requirement for physical activity in pigs. In: Wenk C, Boessinger M, editors. Energy metabolism of farm animals. Zürich: EAAP Publication No. 58; p. 416–419.
  • van Milgen J, Noblet J. 1999. Energy partitioning in growing pigs: the use of a multivariate model as an alternative for the factorial analysis. J Anim Sci. 77:2154–2162.
  • van Milgen J, Noblet J. 2000. Modelling energy expenditure in pigs. In: McNamara JP, France J, Beener DE, editors. Modelling nutrient utilization in farm animals. Wallingford (UK): CAB International; p. 103–114.
  • van Milgen J, Bernier JF, Lecozler Y, Dubois S, Noblet J. 1998. Major determinants of fasting heat production and energetic cost of activity in growing pigs of different body weight and breed/castration combination. Brit J Nutr. 79:509–517.
  • Wellock IJ, Emmans GC, Kyriazakis I. 2003. Predicting the consequences of social stressors on pig food intake and performance. Anim Sci. 81:2995–3007.
  • Whittemore CT. 1998. The science and practice of pig production. 2nd ed. Oxford (UK): Blackwell Science; p. 53–86.
  • Williams NH, Stahly TS, Zimmerman DR. 1997. Effect of chronic immune system activation on the rate, efficiency, and composition of growth and lysine needs of pigs fed from 6 to 27 kg. J Anim Sci. 75:2463–2471.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.