A standardised challenge model with an enterotoxigenic F4+ Escherichia coli strain in piglets assessing clinical traits and faecal shedding of fae and est-II toxin genes

References

• Bosworth BT, Casey TA. 1997. Identification of toxin and pilus genes in porcine E. coli using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with multiple primer pairs. In: Proceedings of the 97th Annual General Meeting, abstract B-509; May 4–8. Miami (FL): American Society Microbiology.
   Google Scholar
• Boudry C, Dehoux JP, Wavreille J, Portetelle D, Théwis A, Buldgen A. 2008. Effect of a bovine colostrum whey supplementation on growth performance, faecal Escherichia coli population and systemic immune response of piglets at weaning. Animal. 2:730–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson D, Damgaard Poulsen H, Sehested J. 2004. Influence of weaning and effect of post weaning dietary zinc and copper on electrophysiological response to glucose, theophylline and 5-HT in piglet small intestinal mucosa. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A: Mol Integ Physiol. 137:757–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler DS, Mynott TL. 1998. Bromelain protects piglets from diarrhoea caused by oral challenge with K88 positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Gut. 43:196–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairbrother JM, Nadeau É, Gyles CL. 2005. Escherichia coli in postweaning diarrhea in pigs: an update on bacterial types, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies. Anim Health Res Rev. 6:17–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GfE [Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie]. 2006. Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung von Schweinen 2006. Frankfurt am Main: DLG-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Hagmüller W, Jugl-Chizzola M, Zitterl-Eglseer K, Gabler C, Spergser J, Chizzola R, Franz C. 2006. The use of Thymi Herba as feed additive (0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%) in weanling piglets with assessment of the shedding of haemolysing E. coli and the detection of thymol in the blood plasma. Berl Münch Tierärztl Wschr. 119:50–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halas D, Heo JM, Hansen CF, Kim JC, Hampson DJ, Mullan BP, Pluske JR. 2007. Organic acids, prebiotics and protein level as dietary tools to control the weaning transition and reduce post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. CAB Rev.: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources. 2:13.
   Google Scholar
• Hampson DJ. 1994. Postweaning Escherichia coli diarrhoea in pigs. In: Gyles GL, editor. Escherichia coli in domestic animals and humans. Wallingford (UK): CAB International; p. 171–185.
   Google Scholar
• Heo JM, Kim JC, Hansen CF, Mullan BP, Hampson DJ, Maribo H, Kjeldsen N, Pluske JR. 2010. Effects of dietary protein level and zinc oxide supplementation on the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea in weaner pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli. Livest Sci. 133:210–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo JM, Kim JC, Hansen CF, Mullan BP, Hampson DJ, Pluske JR. 2009. Feeding a diet with decreased protein content reduces indices of protein fermentation and the incidence of postweaning diarrhea in weaned pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli. J Anim Sci. 87:2833–2843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huguet A, Le Dividich J, Le Huërou-Luron I. 2012. Improvement of growth performance and sanitary status of weaned piglets fed a bovine colostrum-supplemented diet. J Anim Sci. 90:1513–1520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jugl-Chizzola M, Spergser J, Schilcher F, Novak J, Bucher A, Gabler C, Hagmüller W, Zitterl-Eglseer K. 2005. Effects of Thymus vulgaris L. as feed additive in piglets and against haemolytic E. coli in vitro. Berl Münch Tierärztl Wschr. 118:495–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanitz E, Tuchscherer M, Tuchscherer A, Stabenow B, Manteuffel G. 2002. Neuroendocrine and immune responses to acute endotoxemia in suckling and weaned piglets. Biol Neonate. 81:203–209.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kiarie E, Bhandari S, Scott M, Krause DO, Nyachoti CM. 2011. Growth performance and gastrointestinal microbial ecology responses of piglets receiving Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products after an oral challenge with Escherichia coli (K88). J Anim Sci. 89:1062–1078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiers JL, Robert Nout MJ, Rombouts FM, van Andel E, Nabuurs MJA, van der Meulen J. 2006. Effect of processed and fermented soyabeans on net absorption in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-infected piglet small intestine. Br J Nutr. 95:1193–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JC, Heo JM, Mullan BP, Pluske JR. 2011. Efficacy of a reduced protein diet on clinical expression of post-weaning diarrhoea and life-time performance after experimental challenge with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 170:222–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreuzer S, Reissmann M, Brockmann GA. 2013. Gene test to elucidate the ETEC F4ab/F4ac receptor status in pigs. Vet Microbiol. 162:293–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lallès J-P, Bosi P, Smidt H, Stokes CR. 2007. Nutritional management of gut health in pigs around weaning. Proc Nutr Soc. 66:260–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mynott TL, Luke RK, Chandler DS. 1996. Oral administration of protease inhibits enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli receptor activity in piglet small intestine. Gut. 38:28–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagy B, Fekete PZ. 1999. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in farm animals. Vet Res. 30:259–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niewold TA, Van Dijk AJ, Geenen PL, Roodink H, Margry R, van der Meulen J. 2007. Dietary specific antibodies in spray-dried immune plasma prevent enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 (ETEC) post weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Vet Microbiol. 124:362–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyachoti CM, Omogbenigun FO, Rademacher M, Blank G. 2006. Performance responses and indicators of gastrointestinal health in early-weaned pigs fed low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets. J Anim Sci. 84:125–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opapeju FOM, Rademacher M, Payne RL, Krause DO, Nyachoti CM. 2010. Inflammation-associated responses in piglets induced with post-weaning colibacillosis are influenced by dietary protein level. Livest Sci. 131:58–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ørskov I, Ørskov F. 1983. Serology of Escherichia coli fimbriae. Progr Allerg. 33:80–105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owusu-Asiedu AC, Nyachoti M, Marquardt RR. 2003. Response of early-weaned pigs to an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (K88) challenge when fed diets containing spray-dried porcine plasma or pea protein isolate plus egg yolk antibody, zinc oxide, fumaric acid, or antibiotic. J Anim Sci. 81:1790–1798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partanen KH, Mroz Z. 1999. Organic acids for performance enhancement in pig diets. Nutr Res Rev. 12:117–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rippinger P, Bertschinger HU, Imberechts H, Nagy B, Sorg I, Stamm M, Wild P, Wittig W. 1995. Designations F18ab and F18ac for the related fimbrial types F107, 2134P and 8813 of Escherichia coli isolated from porcine postweaning diarrhoea and from oedema disease. Vet Microbiol. 45:281–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risley CR, Kornegay ET, Lindemann MD, Wood CM, Eigel WN. 1992. Effect of feeding organic acids on selected intestinal content measurements at varying times postweaning in pigs. J Anim Sci. 70:196–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder B, Duncker S, Barth S, Bauerfeind R, Gruber AD, Deppenmeier S, Breves G. 2006. Preventive effects of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 on acute secretory diarrhea in a pig model of intestinal infection. Dig Dis Sci. 51:724–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokes CR, Bailey M, Haverson K, Harris C, Jones P, Inman C, Pie S, Oswald IP, Williams BA, Akkermans ADL, et al. 2004. Postnatal development of intestinal immune system in piglets: implications for the process of weaning. Anim Res. 53:325–334.
   Google Scholar
• Taras D, Vahjen W, Macha M, Simon O. 2006. Performance, diarrhea incidence, and occurrence of Escherichia coli virulence genes during long-term administration of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain to sows and piglets. J Anim Sci. 84:608–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisi P, Melchior D, Mazzoni M, Casini L, De Filippi S, Minieri L, Lalatta-Costerbosa G, Bosi P. 2009. A tryptophan-enriched diet improves feed intake and growth performance of susceptible weanling pigs orally challenged with Escherichia coli K88. J Anim Sci. 87:148–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Peet-Schwering CM, Jansman AJM, Smidt H, Yoon I. 2007. Effects of yeast culture on performance, gut integrity, and blood cell composition of weanling pigs. J Anim Sci. 85:3099–3109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dijk AJ, Enthoven PM, Van den Hoven SG, Van Laarhoven MM, Niewold TA, Nabuurs MJ, Beynen AC. 2002. The effect of dietary spray-dried porcine plasma on clinical response in weaned piglets challenged with a pathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol. 84:207–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hooijdonk ACM, Kussendrager K, Steijns J. 2000. In vivo antimicrobial and antiviral activity of components in bovine milk and colostrum involved in non-specific defence. Br J Nutr. 84:S127–S134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VDLUFA [Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten]. 1976. Methodenbuch Band III, Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. 3. Aufl. 1976, inkl. 1.-8. Ergänzungslieferung 1983-2012. Darmstadt: VDLUFA-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Vente-Spreeuwenberg MAM, Verdonk JMA, Beynen AC, Verstegen MWA. 2003. Interrelationships between gut morphology and faeces consistency in newly weaned piglets. Anim Sci. 77:85–94.
   Google Scholar
• Wellock IJ, Fortomaris PD, Houdijk JG, Kyriazakis I. 2008. Effects of dietary protein supply, weaning age and experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection on newly weaned pigs. Animal. 2:834–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White LA, Newman MC, Cromwell GL, Lindemann MD. 2002. Brewers dried yeast as a source of mannan oligosaccharides for weanling pigs. J Anim Sci. 80:2619–2628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittenbrink MM, Amtsberg G, Kamphues J. 1984. Intestinal and faecal flora of weaned piglets developing diarrhoea after being induced to overeat. Dt Tierärztl Wschr. 91:387–391.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar