Secondary sexual characteristics in codfishes (Gadidae) in relation to sound production, habitat use and social behaviour

References

• Almada , VC , Amorim , MCP , Pereira , E , Almada , F , Matos , R and Godinho , R. 1996 . Agonistic behaviour and sound production in Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (Gadidae) . Journal of Fish Biology , 49 : 363 – 66 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amorim , MCP , McCracken , ML and Fine , ML. 2002 . Metabolic costs of sound production in the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 80 : 830 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amorim , MCP , Simoes , JM , Mendonca , N , Bandarra , NM , Almada , VC and Fonseca , PJ. 2010 . Lusitanian toadfish song reflects male quality . Journal of Experimental Biology , 213 : 2997 – 3004 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amorim , MCP , Simões , J , Almada , V and Fonseca , PJ. 2011 . Stereotypy and variation of the mating call in the Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus . Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , 65 : 707 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen KP , Jákupsstova SH. ICES 1978 . Sexual dimorphism and morphological differences in blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) . ICES Document CM 1978/H:46. Copenhagen . 22 pages
   Google Scholar
• Andersson M. 1994 . Sexual Selection . Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press . 599 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Arbour , JH , Avendaño , P and Hutchings , JA. 2010 . Aspects of the ecology and life history of Alligatorfish Aspidophoroides monopterygius . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 87 : 353 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird , TA and Olla , BL. 1991 . Social and reproductive behaviour of a captive group of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 30 : 295 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbieri , LR , Dossantos , RP and Andreata , JV. 1992 . Reproductive biology of the marine catfish, Genidens genidens (Siluriformes, Ariidae), in the Jacarepagu'a Lagoon system, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 35 : 23 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basolo , AL. 1990a . Female preference predates the evolution of the sword in swordtail fish . Science , 250 : 808 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basolo , AL. 1990b . Female preference for male sword length in the green swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri (Pisces, Poeciliidae) . Animal Behaviour , 40 : 339 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass , AH , Gilland , EH and Baker , R. 2008 . Evolutionary origins for social vocalization in a vertebrate hindbrain–spinal compartment . Science , 321 : 417 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonduriansky , R. 2007 . Sexual selection and allometry: A critical reappraisal of the evidence and ideas . Evolution , 81 : 838 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brawn , VM . 1961a . Aggressive behaviour in the cod (Gadus callarias L.) . Behaviour , 18 : 107 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Brawn , VM . 1961b . Reproductive behaviour of the cod (Gadus callarias L.) . Behaviour , 18 : 177 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Brawn , VM. 1961c . Sound production by the cod (Gadus callarias L.) . Behaviour , 18 : 239 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Britz , R and Conway , KW. 2009 . Osteology of Paedocypris, a miniature and highly developmentally truncated fish (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae) . Journal of Morphology , 270 : 389 – 412 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellano , S , Zanollo , V , Marconi , V and Berto , G. 2009 . The mechanisms of sexual selection in a lek-breeding anuran, Hyla intermedia . Animal Behaviour , 77 : 213 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clutton-Brock , T. 2009 . Sexual selection in females . Animal Behaviour , 77 : 3 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen DM , Inada T , Iwamoto T , Scialabba N. 1990 . FAO species catalogue . Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes) . An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125 10 Rome . 442 FAO
   Google Scholar
• Endo , H. 2002 . Phylogeny of the Order Gadiformes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii) . Memoirs of the Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University , 49 : 75 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Engen , F and Folstad , I. 1999 . Cod courtship song: A song at the expense of dance? . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 77 : 542 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine , ML , McElroy , D , Rafi , J , King , CB , Loesser , KE and Newton , S. 1996 . Lateralization of pectoral stridulation sound production in the channel catfish . Physiology and Behavior , 60 : 753 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finstad , JL and Nordeide , JT. 2004 . Acoustic repertoire of spawning cod, Gadus morhua . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 70 : 427 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner , H. 2010 . Mate choice in fish: A review . Plymouth Student Scientist , 3 : 281 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Groison , AL , Kjesbu , OS and Suquet , M. 2011 . Sexual dimorphism of drumming muscles in European hake (Merluccius merluccius) Environmental Biology of Fishes , 91 : 7 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins AD. 1993 . Underwater sound and fish behaviour . Chapter 5 in : Pither TJ Behaviour of Teleost Fishes . London : Chapman and Hall , p 129 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins , AD and Amorim , MCP. 2000 . Spawning sounds of the male haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 59 : 29 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins , AD and Rasmussen , KJ. 1978 . The calls of gadoid fish . Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK , 58 : 891 – 911 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendry , AP and Berg , OK. 1990 . Secondary sexual characters, energy use, senescence, and the cost of reproduction in sockeye salmon . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 77 : 1663 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Hutchings , JA , Bishop , TD and McGregor-Shaw , CR. 1999 . Spawning behaviour of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua: Evidence of mate competition and mate choice in a broadcast spawner . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 56 : 97 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaatz , IM. 2002 . Multiple sound producing mechanisms in teleost fishes and hypotheses regarding their behavioural significance . Bioacoustics , 12 : 230 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Kodric-Brown , A. 1990 . Mechanisms of sexual selection – insights from fishes . Annales Zoologici Fennici , 27 : 87 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kottelat , M , Britz , R , Hui , TH and Witte , KE. 2006 . Paedocypris, a new genus of Southeast Asian cyprinid fish with a remarkable sexual dimorphism, comprises the world's smallest vertebrate . Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B – Biological Sciences , 273 : 895 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladich , F and Fine , M. 2006 . “ Sound-generating mechanisms in fishes: A unique diversity in vertebrates. Chapter 1 ” . In Communication in Fishes , Edited by: Ladich , F , Collin , SP , Moller , P and Kapoor , BG . 1 – 43 . Enfield , NH : Science Publishers, USA .
   Google Scholar
• Lailvaux , SP and Irschick , DJ. 2006 . A functional perspective on sexual selection: Insights and future prospects . Animal Behaviour , 72 : 263 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann , DA and Lobel , PS. 1998 . Acoustic behavior of the damselfish Dascyllus albisella: Behavioral and geographic variation . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 51 : 421 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoldi , C and Rasotto , MB. 2002 . Alternative male mating tactics in Gobius niger . Journal of Fish Biology , 61 : 157 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meager , JJ , Skjæraasen , JE , Fernö , A , Karlsen , Ø , Løkkeborg , S Michalsen , K . 2009 . Vertical dynamics and reproductive behaviour of farmed and wild Atlantic cod Gadus morhua . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 389 : 233 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meager , JJ , Skjæraasen , JE , Fernö , A and Løkkeborg , S. 2010 . Reproductive interactions between fugitive farmed and wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the field . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 67 : 1221 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milic , D. and Kraljevic , M. 2011 . Biometry analysis of the whiting, Merlangius merlangus (Linneaus, 1758) from the northern Adriatic Sea . Acta Adriatica , 52 : 125 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , MJ and Trippel , EA. 1996 . Skewed sex ratios in spawning shoals of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) . ICES Journal of Marine Science , 53 : 820 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordeide , JT. 1998 . Coastal cod and north-east Arctic cod – Do they mingle at the spawning grounds in Lofoten? . Sarsia , 83 : 373 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordeide , JT and Folstad , I. 2000 . Is cod lekking or a promiscuous group spawner? . Fish and Fisheries , 1 : 90 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordeide , JT and Kjellsby , E. 1999 . Sound from spawning cod at their spawning grounds . ICES Journal of Marine Science , 56 : 326 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordeide , JT , Solberg , C , Willumsen , L and Amble , S. 2008 . Seasonal variation and condition-dependence of the drumming muscle of cod, Gadus morhua L. An experimental approach . Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , 363 : 66 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira , RF and Almada , VC. 1995 . Sexual dimorphism and allometry of external morphology in Oreochromis mossambicus . Journal of Fish Biology , 46 : 1055 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onuki , A and Somiya , H. 2006 . Spinal nerve innervation to the sonic muscle in Walleye Pollack, Theragra chalcogramma (Gadidae: Gadiformes) . Copeia , 2006 : 116 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Ostrand , KG , Wilde , GR , Strauss , RE and Young , RR. 2001 . Sexual dimorphism in plains minnow, Hybognathus placitus . Copeia , 2001 : 563 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Park , YS , Sakurai , Y , Mukai , T and Sano , N. 1994 . Sound production related to the reproductive behavior of captive walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 60 : 467 – 72 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , IS , Zhang , CI and Lee , YD. 2001 . Sexual dimorphism in morphometric characteristics of cocktail wrasse . Journal of Fish Biology , 58 : 1746 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parmentier , E , Lagardere , JP , Vandewalle , P and Fine , ML. 2005 . Geographical variation in sound production in the anemonefish Amphiprion akallopisos . Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B – Biological Sciences , 272 : 1697 – 703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robichaud , D and Rose , GA. 2001 . Multiyear homing of Atlantic cod to a spawning ground . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 58 : 2325 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe , S and Hutchings , JA. 2006 . Sound production by Atlantic cod during spawning . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 135 : 529 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe , S , Hutchings , JA , Skjæraasen , JE and Bezanson , L. 2008 . Morphological and behavioural correlates of reproductive success in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 354 : 257 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , MJ , Tuttle , MD and Taft , LK. 1981 . The costs and benefits of frog chorusing behaviour Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , 8 : 273 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , MJ. 1997 . “ Sexual selection and mate choice ” . In Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach , 4th edition , Edited by: Krebs , JR and Davies , NB . 179 – 202 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Sakurai , Y and Hattori , T. 1996 . Reproductive behavior of Pacific cod in captivity . Fisheries Science , 62 : 222 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenck , JR and Whiteside , BG. 1977 . Reproduction, fecundity, sexual dimorphism and sex-ratio of Etheostoma fonticola (Osteichthyes: Percidae) . American Midland Naturalist , 98 : 365 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjæraasen , JE and Hutchings , JA. 2010 . Shifting reproductive success in a shoal of Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua L . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 88 : 311 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjæraasen , JE , Rowe , S and Hutchings , JA. 2006 . Sexual dimorphism in pelvic fin length of Atlantic cod . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 84 : 865 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjæraasen , JE , Meager , JJ and Hutchings , JA. 2010a . A cost of reproduction in male Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 88 : 595 – 600 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjæraasen , JE , Meager , JJ , Karlsen , Ø , Mayer , I , Dahle , G Rudolfsen , G . 2010b . Mating competition between farmed and wild cod Gadus morhua . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 412 : 247 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , B , Batty , RS and Dill , LM. 2004 . Pacific and Atlantic herring produce burst pulse sounds . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B – Biological Sciences , 271 : S95 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windle , MJS and Rose , GA. 2007 . Do cod form spawning leks? Evidence from a Newfoundland spawning ground . Marine Biology , 150 : 671 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamanoue , Y , Setiamarga , DHE and Matsuura , K. 2010 . Pelvic fins in teleosts: Structure, function and evolution . Journal of Fish Biology , 77 : 1173 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar