Reproduction in Octocorallia: Synchronous spawning and asynchronous oogenesis in the pennatulid Veretillum cynomorium

References

• Alino , PM and Coll , JC. 1989 . Observations on the synchronized mass spawning and postsettlement activity of octocorals on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: Biological aspects . Bulletin of Marine Science , 45 : 697 – 707 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benayahu , Y. 1997 . Developmental episodes in reef soft corals: Ecological and cellular determinants . Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium , 2 : 1213 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Benayahu , Y and Loya , Y. 1984 . Life history studies on the Red Sea octocoral Xenia macrospiculata (Gohar 1940). I. Annual dynamics on gonadal development . Biological Bulletin , 166 : 32 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benayahu , Y , Weil , D and Kleinmann , M. 1990 . Radiation of broadcasting and brooding patterns in coral reef alcyonaceans . Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction , 5 : 323 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Brazeau , DA and Lasker , HR. 1992 . Reproductive success in the Caribbean octocoral Briareum asbestinum . Marine Biology , 114 : 157 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brusca RC , Brusca GJ. 1990 . Invertebrates . Sunderland , MA : Sinauer . 922 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Ceccatty , MP and Buisson , B. 1965 . Reciprocal behavior of the rachis and peduncle in colonies of Veretillum cynomorium Pall . American Zoologist , 5 : 531 – 35 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chia , FS and Crawford , BJ. 1973 . Some observations on gametogenesis, larval development and substratum selection of the sea pen Ptilosarcus guerneyi . Marine Biology , 23 : 73 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coma , R , Ribes , M , Zabala , M and Gili , J-M. 1995 . Reproduction and cycle of gonadal development in the Mediterranean gorgonian Paramuricea clavata . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 117 : 173 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordes , EE , Nybakken , JW and VanDykhuizen , G. 2001 . Reproduction and growth of Anthomastus ritteri (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from Monterey Bay, California, USA . Marine Biology , 138 : 491 – 501 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelius PFS , Manuel RL , Ryland JS. 1995 . Hydroids, sea anemones, jellyfish, and comb jellies (Phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora) . In : Hayward PJ , Ryland JS , Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe . Oxford : Oxford University Press , 62 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan J. 1998 . Biology of the Sea Pen Pteroeides sp. in Fiordland, New Zealand . MSc dissertation , University of Otago . 176 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Eckelbarger , KJ , Tyler , PA and Langton , RW. 1998 . Gonadal morphology and gametogenesis in the sea pen Pennatula aculeata (Anthozoa: Pennatulacea) from the Gulf of Maine . Marine Biology , 132 : 677 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckelbarger , KJ and Watling , L. 1995 . Role of phylogenetic constraints in determining reproductive patterns in deep-sea invertebrates . Invertebrate Biology , 114 : 256 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , DCB and Moore , CG. 2008 . Reproduction in the sea pen Pennatula phosphorea (Anthozoa: Pennatulacea) from the west coast of Scotland . Marine Biology , 155 : 303 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , DCB and Moore , CG. 2009 . Reproduction in the sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis (Anthozoa: Pennatulacea) from the west coast of Scotland . Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 82 : 161 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrant PA. 1985 . Reproduction in the temperate Australian soft coral Capnella gaboensis . In Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress , Gabrie C , Salvat B , Antenne-Museum-EPHE , Moorea . 4 , 319 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Farrant , PA. 1986 . Gonad development and the planulae of the temperate Australian soft coral Capnella gaboensis . Marine Biology , 92 : 381 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartnoll , RG. 1975 . The annual cycle of Alcyonium digitatum . Estuarine, Coast and Shelf Science , 3 : 71 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IMAR . 2008–2011 . Relatório do Programa de Monitorização Ambiental do projecto da Marina e novo Cais dos ‘ferries’ do Troiaresort . Lisboa , , Portugal : Instituto do Mar (IMAR) . 303 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Kiørboe T. 2006 . Sex, sex-ratios, and the dynamics of pelagic copepod populations Oecologia 148 : 40 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , WY and McAlice , BJ. 1979 . Seasonal succession and breeding cycles of three species of Acartia (Copepoda: Calanoida) in a Maine estuary . Estuaries , 2 : 228 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• López-González , PJ , Gili , J-M and Williams , GC. 2001 . New records of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the African Atlantic coast, with description of a new species and a zoogeographic analysis . Scientia Marina , 65 : 59 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFadden , CS , Donahue , R , Hadland , BK and Weston , R. 2001 . A molecular phylogenetic analysis of reproductive trait evolution in the soft coral genus Alcyonium . Evolution , 55 : 54 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orejas , C , López-González , PJ , Gili , JM , Teixidó , N , Gutt , J and Arntz , WE. 2002 . Distribution and reproductive ecology of the Antarctic octocoral Ainigmaptilon antarcticum in the Weddell Sea . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 231 : 101 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez Llodra , E. 2002 . Fecundity and life-history strategies in marine invertebrates . Advances in Marine Biology , 43 : 87 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , AL , Tyler , PA and Paterson , GJL. 1992 . The pennatulid Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in the Porcupine Seabight (North-East Atlantic Ocean) . Journal of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , 72 : 417 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santangelo G , Carletti E , Maggi E , Bramanti L. 2003 . Reproduction and population sexual structure of the overexploited Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum Marine Ecology Progress Series 248 : 99 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slattery , M , Hines , GA , Starmer , J and Paul , VJ. 1999 . Chemical signals in gametogenesis, spawning, and larval settlement and defense of the soft coral Sinularia polydactyla . Coral Reefs , 18 : 75 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soong , K. 2005 . Reproduction and colony integration of the sea pen Virgularia juncea . Marine Biology , 146 : 1103 – 09 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stearns SC. 1992 . The Evolution of Life Histories . Oxford : Oxford University Press . 249 pages .
   Google Scholar
• Tremblay M-È , Henry J , Anctil M. 2004 . Spawning and gamete follicle rupture in the cnidarian Renilla koellikeri: Effects of putative neurohormones . General and Comparative Endocrinology 137 : 9 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler , PA , Bronsdon , SK , Young , CM and Rice , AL. 1995 . Ecology and gametogenic biology of the genus Umbellula (Pennatulacea) in the North Atlantic Ocean . Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie , 80 : 187 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams GC , van der Land J. 2001 . Octocorallia – Pennatulacea . In : Costello MJ , Emblow C , European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50 : 105 – 06 .
   Google Scholar
• Xiao , Y and Greewood , G. 1993 . The biology of acetes (Crustacea, Sergestidae) . Oceanography and Marine Biology , 31 : 259 – 444 .
   Google Scholar
• Zar JH. 1996 . Biostatistical Analysis , 3rd edn . Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice Hall . 662 pages .
   Google Scholar