- Apelqvist J. Wound healing in diabetes. Outcome and Costs. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 1998; 15: 21–39
- Apelqvist J, Larsson J, Agardh C-D. Long-term prognosis for diabetic patients with foot ulcers. J Intern Med 1993; 233: 485–91
- Calle-Pascual A L, Garcia-Torre N, Moraga I, Diaz J A, Duran A, Monux G, Serrano F J, Martil-Alvarez P J, Charro A, Maranes J P. Epidemiology of Nontraumatic Lower-Extremity Amputation in Area 7, Madrid, Between 1989 and 1999. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1686–90
- Ebskov B, Ebskov L. Major lower limb amputation in diabetic patients: development during 1982 to 1993. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 1607–10
- Eskelinen E, Luther M, Eskelinen A, Lepantalo M. Infrapopliteal bypass reduces amputation incidence in elderly patients: a population-based study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003; 26: 65–8
- Eskelinen E, Lepantalo M, Hietala E M, Sell H, Kauppila L, Maenpaa I, Pitkanen J, Salminen-Petola P, Leutola S, Eskelinen A, Kiviola A, Tukiainen E, Lukinmaa A, Brasken P, Railo M. Lower limb amputations in Southern Finland in 2000 and trends up to 2001. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004; 27: 193–200
- Feinglass J, Brown J L, LoSasso A, Sohn M W, Manheim L M, Shah S J, Pearce W H. Rates of lower-extremity amputation and arterial reconstruction in the United States, 1979 to 1996. Am J Public Health 1999; 89: 1222–7
- Fylling C P, Knighton D R. Amputation in the diabetic population: Incidence, causes, cost, treatment, and prevention. J Enterostomal Ther 1989; 16: 247–55
- Holstein P, Ellitsgaard N, Bornefeldt Olsen B, Ellitsgaard V. Decreasing incidence of major amputations in people with diabetes. VASA 2001, Suppl 58: 28–31
- Humphrey A R, Dowse G K, Thoma K, Zimmet P Z. Diabetes and nontraumatic lower extremity amputation. Incidence, risk factors, and prevention—a 12-year follow-up study in Nauru. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 710–4
- International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. International consensus on the Diabetic Foot 1999. ISBN 90- 9012716-x.
- Jeffcoate W. Incidence of amputation is a poor measure of the quality of ulcer care. The Diabetic Foot 2004; 7: 70–6
- Jeffcoate W J. The Incidence of amputation in diabetes. Acta Chir Belg 2005; 105: 140–4
- Jeffcoate W J, Harding K G. Diabetic foot ulcers. Lancet 2003; 361: 1545–51
- Jeffcoate W J, van Houtum W H. Amputation as a marker of the quality of foot care in diabetes. Diabetologia 2004; 47: 2051–8
- Larsson J, Apelqvist J. Towards less amputations in diabetic patients. Incidence, causes, cost, treatment, and prevention – a review. Acta Orthop Scand 1995; 66: 181–92
- Larsson J, Agardh C D, Apelqvist J, Stenström A. Local signs and symptoms in relation to final amputation level in diabetic patients. A prospective study of 187 patients with foot ulcers. Acta Orthop Scand 1994; 65(4)387–93
- Larsson J, Apelqvist J, Agardh C D, Stenström A. Decreasing incidence of major amputation in diabetic patients: a consequence of a multidisciplinary foot care team approach?. Diabet Med 1995; 12: 770–6
- Larsson J, Agardh C D, Apelqvist J, Stenström A. Long-Term Prognosis After Healed Amputation in Patients with Diabetes. Clin Orthop 1998, 350: 149–58
- Leslie P J, Patrick A W, Hepburn D A, Scougal I J, Frier B M. Hospital in-patient statistics underestimate the morbidity associated with diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1992; 9: 379–85
- Luther M, Kantonen I, Lepantalo M, Salenius J, Group K Y. Arterial intervention and reduction in amputation for chronic critical leg ischaemia. Br J Surg 2000; 87: 454–8
- McAlpine R R, Morris A D, Emslie-Smith A, James P, Evans J M M. The annual incidence of diabetic complications in a population of patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2005; 22: 348–52
- Molinatti G M, Porta (eds.). etes mellitus in Europe: A problem at all ages in all countries. A model for prevention and self care. A meeting organized by WHO and IDF Europe, October 10–12, 1989, Saint Vincent (Aosta), Italy. Giornale Italiano di Diabetologia (Suppl 10) 1990: 1–140.
- Morris A D, McAlpine R, Steinke D, Boyle D I R, Ebrahim A-R, Vasudev N, Stewart C P U, Jung R T, Leese G P, MacDonald T M, Newton R W. Diabetes and lower-limb amputations in the community. A retrospective cohort study. DARTS/MEMO Collaboration. Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland/Medicines Monitoring Unit. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 738–43
- Norlund A, Apelqvist J, Bitzén P-O, Nyberg P, Scherstén B. Cost of illness of adult diabetes mellitus underestimated if comorbidity is not considered. J Intern Med 2001; 250: 57–65
- Pohjolainen T, Alaranta H. Epidemiology of lower limb amputees in Southern Finland in 1995 and trends since 1984. Prosthet Orthot Int 1999; 23: 88–92
- Rith-Najarian S, Branchaud C, Beaulieu O, Gohdes D, Simonson G, Mazze R. Reducing lower-extremity amputations due to diabetes. Application of the staged diabetes management approach in a primary care setting. J Fam Pract 1998; 47: 127–32
- Schraer C D, Adler A I, Mayer A M, Halderson K R, Trimble B A. Diabetes complications and mortality among Alaska Natives: 8 years of observation. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 314–21
- Stiegler H, Standl E, Frank S, Mendler G. Failiure of reducing lower extremity amputations in diabetic patients: results of two subsequent population based surveys 1990 and 1995 in Germany. VASA 1998; 27: 10–4
- The Global Lower Extremity Amputation Study Group. Epidemiology of lower extremity amputation in centres in Europe, North America and East Asia. The global lower extremity amputation study group. Br J Surg 2000; 87: 328–37
- Trautner C, Haastert B, Giani G, Berger M. Incidence of Lower Limb Amputations and Diabetes. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 1006–9
- Trautner C, Haastert B, Spraul M, Giani G, Berger M. Unchanged Incidence of Lower-Limb Amputations in a German City, 1990–1998. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 855–9
- van Houtum W H, Rauwerda J A, Ruwaard D, Schaper N C, Bakker K. Reduction in Diabetes-Related Lower-Extremity Amputations in the Netherlands: 1991–2000. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1042–6
- Wagner F W. A classification and treatment program for diabetic neuropathic and dysvascular foot problems. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons: Instr Course Lect 1979; 28: 143–65
- Waugh N R. Amputation in diabetic patients – a review of rates, relative risks, and resource use. Community Medicine 1988; 10: 279–88
- WHO Study Group: Diabetes Mellitus. Technical report series 727: 9–17. Geneva: World Health Organisation 1985
- Zimmet P, Alberti K G, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001; 414: 782–7
Acta Orthopaedica
Volume 79, 2008 - Issue 5