Framing blame: toward a better understanding of the effects of populist communication on populist party preferences

References

• Albertazzi, D., and D. McDonnell. 2008. “Introduction: The Scepter and the Spectre.” In Twenty-first Century Populism. The Spectre of Western European Democracy, edited by D. Albertazzi and D. McDonnell, 1–11. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Belanger, E., and K. Aarts. 2006. “Explaining the Rise of the LPF: Issues, Discontent, and the 2002 Dutch Election.” Acta Politica 41: 4–20. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellucci, P. 2014. “The Political Consequences of Blame Attribution for the Economic Crisis in the 2013 National Election.” Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 24 (2): 243–263. doi: 10.1080/17457289.2014.887720
   Google Scholar
• Boomgaarden, H. G., and R. Vliegenthart. 2007. “Explaining the Rise of Anti-immigrant Parties: The Role of News Media Content.” Electoral Studies 26: 404–417. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2006.10.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos, L., and W. van der Brug. 2010. “Public Images of Leaders of Anti-immigration Parties: Perceptions of Legitimacy and Effectiveness.” Party Politics 16 (6): 777–799. doi: 10.1177/1354068809346004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos, L., W. van der Brug, and C. H. de Vreese. 2011. “How the Media Shape Perceptions of Right-Wing Populist Leaders.” Political Communication 28 (2): 182–206. doi: 10.1080/10584609.2011.564605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos, L., W. van der Brug, and C. H. de Vreese. 2013. “An Experimental Test of the Impact of Style and Rhetoric on the Perception of Right-wing Populist and Mainstream Party Leaders.” Acta Politica 48 (2): 192–208. doi: 10.1057/ap.2012.27
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer, W. F., and G. V. Nakamura. 1984. The Nature and Functions of Schemas, Center for the Study of Reading Technical Report No. 325. Champaign: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
   Google Scholar
• Caiani, M., and D. della Porta. 2011. “The Elitist Populism of the Extreme Right: A Frame Analysis of Extreme Right-wing Discourses in Italy and Germany.” Acta Politica 46 (2): 180–202. doi: 10.1057/ap.2010.28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canovan, M. 1999. “Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of Democracy.” Political Studies 47: 2–16. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.00184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey, S. 2002. “Undivided Loyalties: Is National Identity an Obstacle to European Integration?” European Union Politics 3: 387–413. doi: 10.1177/1465116502003004001
   Google Scholar
• Cutler, F. 2004. “Government Responsibility and Electoral Accountability in Federations.” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 34 (2): 19–38. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a005028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon, T. L. 2008. “Crime News and Racialized Beliefs: Understanding the Relationship Between Local News Viewing and Perceptions of African Americans and Crime.” Journal of Communication 58: 106–125. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00376.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entman, R. M. 1993. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hameleers, M., L. Bos, and C. H. de Vreese. 2017. “‘They Did It’: The Effects of Emotionalized Blame Attribution in Populist Communication.” Communication Research 44 (6): 870–900. doi: 10.1177/0093650216644026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewstone, M. 1989. Causal Attribution: From Cognitive Processes to Collective Beliefs. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Hobolt, S. B., J. Tilley, and J. Wittrock. 2013. “Listening to the Government: How Information Shapes Responsibility Attributions.” Political Behavior 35 (1): 153–174. doi: 10.1007/s11109-011-9183-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood, C. 2007. “What Happens When Transparency Meets Blame-avoidance?” Public Management Review 9 (2): 191–210. doi: 10.1080/14719030701340275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyengar, S. 1991. Is Anyone Responsible? How Television Frames Political Issues. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jagers, J., and S. Walgrave. 2007. “Populism as Political Communication Style: An Empirical Study of Political Parties’ Discourse in Belgium.” European Journal of Political Research 46 (3): 319–345. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krämer, B. 2014. “Media Populism: A Conceptual Clarification and Some Theses on its Effects.” Communication Theory 24: 42–60. doi: 10.1111/comt.12029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, M., and J. Tilley. 2010. “The Attribution of Credit and Blame to Governments and Its Impact on Vote Choice.” British Journal of Political Science 40 (1): 115–134. doi: 10.1017/S0007123409990275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoleni, G. 2008. “Populism and the Media.” In Twenty-first Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy, edited by D. Albertazzi and D. McDonnell, 49–64. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Mols, F., and J. Jetten. 2014. “No Guts, No Glory: How Framing the Collective Past Paves the Way for Anti-immigrant Sentiments.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 43: 74–86. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.08.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. 2004. “The Populist Zeitgeist.” Government and Opposition 39: 542–563. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooduijn, M. 2014. “The Mesmerising Message: The Diffusion of Populism in Public Debates in Western European Media.” Political Studies 62 (4): 726–744. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.12074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroud, N. J. 2008. “Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure.” Political Behavior 30: 341–366. doi: 10.1007/s11109-007-9050-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taggart, P. 2004. “Populism and Representative Politics in Contemporary Europe.” Journal of Political Ideologies 9 (3): 269–288. doi: 10.1080/1356931042000263528
   Google Scholar
• Tingley, D., T. Yamamoto, K. Hirose, L. Keele, and K. Imai. 2014. “Mediation: R Package for Causal Mediation Analysis.” Journal of Statistical Software 59 (5): 1–38. doi: 10.18637/jss.v059.i05
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kessel, S. 2011. “Explaining the Electoral Performance of Populist Parties: The Netherlands as a Case Study.” Perspectives on European Politics and Society 12 (1): 68–88. doi: 10.1080/15705854.2011.546148
   Google Scholar
• Vasilopoulou, S., D. Halikiopoulou, and T. Exadaktylos. 2013. “Greece in Crisis: Austerity, Populism and the Politics of Blame.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 52 (2): 388–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziller, C., and T. Schübel. 2015. “‘The Pure People’ Versus ‘the Corrupt Elite’? Political Corruption, Political Trust and the Success of Radical Right Parties in Europe.” Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 25 (3): 368–386. doi: 10.1080/17457289.2014.1002792
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar