Can anyone be objective about Donald Trump? Assessing the personality of political figures

References

• Allen, N., and B. J. Brox. 2005. “The Roots of Third Party Voting: The 2000 Nader Campaign In Historical Perspective.” Party Politics 11 (5): 623–637. doi: 10.1177/1354068805054983
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonakis, J., and O. Dalgas. 2009. “Predicting Elections: Child's Play!.” Science 323 (5918): 1183–1183. doi: 10.1126/science.1167748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldassarri, D., and A. Gelman. 2008. “Partisans Without Constraint: Political Polarization and Trends in American Public Opinion.” American Journal of Sociology 114 (2): 408–446. doi: 10.1086/590649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berinsky, A. J., G. A. Huber, and G. S. Lenz. 2012. “Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk.” Political Analysis 20: 351–368. doi: 10.1093/pan/mpr057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berinsky, A. J., M. F. Margolis, and M. W. Sances. 2014. “Separating the Shirkers from the Workers? Making Sure Respondents Pay Attention on Self-Administered Surveys.” American Journal of Political Science 58 (3): 739–753. doi: 10.1111/ajps.12081
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bittner, A., and D. A. Peterson. 2018. “Introduction: Personality, Party Leaders, and Election Campaigns.” Electoral Studies 54: 237–239. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2018.04.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caprara, G. V., C. Barbaranelli, R. C. Fraley, and M. Vecchione. 2007. “The Simplicity of Politicians’ Personalities Across Political Context: An Anomalous Replication.” International Journal of Psychology 42 (6): 393–405. doi: 10.1080/00207590600991104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caprara, G. V., and P. G. Zimbardo. 2004. “Personalizing Politics: A Congruency Model of Political Preference.” American Psychologist 59 (7): 581–594. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.7.581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmines, E. G., M. J. Ensley, and M. W. Wagner. 2012. “Who Fits the Left-Right Divide? Partisan Polarization in the American Electorate.” American Behavioral Scientist 56 (12): 1631–1653. doi: 10.1177/0002764212463353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casler, K., L. Bickel, and E. Hackett. 2013. “Separate but Equal? A Comparison of Participants and Data Gathered Via Amazon’s MTurk, Social Media, and Face-To-Face Behavioral Testing.” Computers in Human Behavior 29: 2156–2160. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbert, A. E., T. A. Judge, D. Choi, and G. Wang. 2012. “Assessing the Trait Theory of Leadership Using Self and Observer Ratings of Personality: The Mediating Role of Contributions to Group Success.” The Leadership Quarterly 23 (4): 670–685. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa Lobo, M. 2018. “Personality Goes a Long Way.” Government and Opposition 53 (1): 159–179. doi: 10.1017/gov.2017.15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curini, L. 2010. “Experts’ Political Preferences and Their Impact on Ideological Bias: An Unfolding Analysis Based on a Benoit-Laver Expert Survey.” Party Politics 16 (3): 299–321. doi: 10.1177/1354068809341051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Landsheer, C., and L. Kalkhoven. 2014. “The Imagery of Geert Wilders, Leader of the Dutch Freedom Party (PVV).” Paper presented at the IPSA World Congress, Canada, July 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Faul, F., E. Erdfelder, A.-G. Lang, and A. Buchner. 2007. “G*Power 3: A Flexible Statistical Power Analysis Program for the Social, Behavioral, and Biomedical Sciences.” Behavior Research Methods 39: 175–191. doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortunato, D., M. V. Hibbing, and J. J. Mondak. 2018. “The Trump Draw: Voter Personality and Support for Donald Trump in the 2016 Republican Nomination Campaign.” American Politics Research 46 (5): 785–810.
   Google Scholar
• Gerber, A. S., G. A. Huber, D. Doherty, and C. M. Dowling. 2011. “The Big Five Personality Traits in The Political Arena.” Annual Review of Political Science 14: 265–287. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-051010-111659
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gosling, S. D., P. J. Rentfrow, and W. B. Swann. 2003. “A Very Brief Measure of the Big-Five Personality Domains.” Journal of Research in Personality 37 (6): 504–528. doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hacker, J. S., and P. Pierson. 2006. Off Center: The Republican Revolution and the Erosion of American Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hauser, D. J., and N. Schwarz. 2016. “Attentive Turkers: MTurk Participants Perform Better On Online Attention Checks than do Subject Pool Participants.” Behavior Research Methods 48: 400–407. doi: 10.3758/s13428-015-0578-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heixweg, S. 1979. “An Examination of Voter Conceptualizations of the Ideal Political Candidate.” Southern Journal of Communication 44 (4): 373–385. doi: 10.1080/10417947909372427
   Google Scholar
• Hyatt, C., W. K. Campbell, D. R. Lynam, and J. D. Miller. 2018. “Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? President Donald Trump’s Personality Profile as Perceived from Different Political Viewpoints.” Collabra: Psychology 4 (1). doi:10.1525/collabra.162.
   Google Scholar
• Joly, J., S. Soroka, and P. Loewen. 2018. “Nice Guys Finish Last: Personality and Political Success.” Acta Politica. doi:10.1057/s41269-018-0095-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonason, P. K., and G. D. Webster. 2010. “The Dirty Dozen: A Concise Measure of the Dark Triad.” Psychological Assessment 22 (2): 420. doi: 10.1037/a0019265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, J. W. 2003. “Political Cynicism and Third Party Support in American Presidential Elections.” American Politics Research 31 (1): 48–65. doi: 10.1177/1532673X02238579
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau, R. R., and D. P. Redlawsk. 2001. “Advantages and Disadvantages of Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making.” American Journal of Political Science 45 (4): 951–971. doi: 10.2307/2669334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson, C., G. S. Lenz, A. Baker, and M. Myers. 2010. “Looking Like a Winner: Candidate Appearance and Electoral Success in New Democracies.” World Politics 62 (04): 561–593. doi: 10.1017/S0043887110000195
   Google Scholar
• Layman, G. C., and T. M. Carsey. 2002. “Party Polarization and “Conflict Extension“ in the American Electorate.” American Journal of Political Science 46 (4): 786–802.
   Google Scholar
• Lilienfeld, S. O., J. D. Miller, and D. R. Lynam. 2018. “The Goldwater Rule: Perspectives from, and Implications for, Psychological Science.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 13 (1): 3–27. doi: 10.1177/1745691617727864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilienfeld, S. O., I. D. Waldman, K. Landfield, A. L. Watts, S. Rubenzer, and T. R. Faschingbauer. 2012. “Fearless Dominance and the US Presidency: Implications of Psychopathic Personality Traits for Successful and Unsuccessful Political Leadership.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 103 (3): 489–505. doi: 10.1037/a0029392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nai, A. 2018. “Going Negative, Worldwide. Towards a General Understanding of Determinants and Targets of Negative Campaigning.” Government & Opposition. doi:10.1017/gov.2018.32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nai, A. 2019. “Disagreeable Narcissists, Extroverted Psychopaths, and Elections. A New Dataset to Measure the Personality of Candidates Worldwide.” European Political Science 18 (2): 309–334. doi: 10.1057/s41304-018-0187-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nai, A., and J. Maier. 2018. “Perceived Personality and Campaign Style of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump.” Personality and Individual Differences 121: 80–83. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nai, A., and F. Martinez i Coma. 2019. “The Personality of Populists: Provocateurs, Charismatic Leaders, or Drunken Dinner Guests?” West European Politics. doi:10.1080/01402382.2019.1599570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nai, A., F. Martinez i Coma, and J. Maier. 2019. “Donald Trump, Populism, and the Age of Extremes: Comparing the Personality Traits and Campaigning Style of Trump and Other Leaders Worldwide.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. doi:10.1111/psq.12511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nørgaard, A. S., and R. Klemmensen. 2019. “The Personalities of Danish MPs: Trait-and Aspect-Level Differences.” Journal of Personality 87 (2): 267–275. doi:10.1111/jopy.12388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramey, A. J., J. D. Klingler, and G. E. Hollibaugh. 2019. “Measuring Elite Personality Using Speech.” Political Science Research and Methods 7 (1): 163–184. doi:10.1017/psrm.2016.12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubenzer, S. J., and T. R. Faschingbauer. 2004. Personality, Character, and Leadership in the White House: Psychologists Assess the Presidents. Washington, DC: Brassey’s.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, A. 2018. “US Senators on Twitter: Asymmetric Party Rhetoric in 140 Characters.” American Politics Research 46 (4): 695–723. doi: 10.1177/1532673X17715619
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, R. Y., and Y. Bloch-Elkon. 2006. “Political Polarization and the Rational Public.” Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR), Montreal, Canada, May 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Slatcher, R. B., C. K. Chung, J. W. Pennebaker, and L. D. Stone. 2007. “Winning Words: Individual Differences in Linguistic Style among US Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates.” Journal of Research in Personality 41 (1): 63–75. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solon, I. S. 2015. “Scholarly Elites Orient Left, Irrespective of Academic Affiliation.” Intelligence 51: 119–130. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taber, C. S., and M. Lodge. 2006. “Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (3): 755–769. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser, B. A., A. S. Book, and A. A. Volk. 2017. “Is Hillary dishonest and Donald narcissistic? A HEXACO Analysis of the Presidential Candidates’ Public Personas.” Personality and Individual Differences 106: 281–286. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watts, A. L., S. O. Lilienfeld, S. F. Smith, J. D. Miller, W. K. Campbell, I. D. Waldman, S. J. Rubenzer, and T. J. Faschingbauer. 2013. “The Double-Edged Sword of Grandiose Narcissism Implications For Successful and Unsuccessful Leadership among US presidents.” Psychological Science 24 (12): 2379–2389. doi: 10.1177/0956797613491970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox, C., L. Sigelman, and E. Cook. 1989. “Some like it Hot: Individual Differences in Responses to Group Feeling Thermometers.” Public Opinion Quarterly 53: 246–257. doi: 10.1086/269505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, J. D., and M. F. Tomlinson. 2018. “Personality profiles of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump: Fooled by your Own politics.” Personality and Individual Differences 128: 21–24. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar