6,713
Views
54
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLES

A re-examination of choking in sport

, , &
Pages 203-212 | Published online: 19 May 2009

References

  • Baumeister , R. F. 1984 . Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skilful performance . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 : 610 – 620 .
  • Baumeister , R. F. 1997 . Esteem threat, self-regulatory breakdown, and emotional distress as factors in self defeating behaviour . Review of General Psychology , 1 : 145 – 174 .
  • Baumeister , R. F. , Hamilton , J. C. and Tice , D. M. 1985 . Public versus private expectancy of success: Confidence booster or performance pressure? . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 1447 – 1457 .
  • Baumeister , R. F. and Showers , C. J. 1986 . A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests . European Journal of Social Psychology , 16 : 361 – 383 .
  • Beilock , S. L. and Carr , T. H. 2001 . On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 130 : 701 – 725 .
  • Beilock , S. L. and Gray , R. 2007 . “ Why do athletes choke under pressure? ” . In Handbook of sports psychology , 3rd edn , Edited by: Tenenbaum , G. and Eklund , R. C. 425 – 444 . Hoboken, NJ : Wiley .
  • Beilock , S. L. , Holt , L. E. , Kulp , C. A. and Carr , T. H. 2004 . More on the fragility of choking under pressure in mathematical problem solving . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 133 : 584 – 600 .
  • Bigus , O. E. , Hadden , S. C. and Glaser , B. G. 1994 . “ The study of basic social processes ” . In More grounded theory methodology: A reader , Edited by: Glaser , B. G. 38 – 64 . Mill Valley, CA : Sociology Press .
  • Bringer , J. , Brackenridge , C. H. and Johnston , L. H. 2006 . Swimming coaches’ perceptions of sexual exploitation in sport: A preliminary model of role conflict and role ambiguity . The Sport Psychologist , 20 : 465 – 479 .
  • Carver , C. S. and Scheier , M. F. 1981 . Attention and self-regulation , New York : Springer .
  • Chalabaev , A. S. , Sarrazin , P. , Stone , P. and Cury , J. 2008 . Do achievement goals mediate stereotype threat? An investigation on females' soccer performance . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 30 : 143 – 158 .
  • Charmaz , K. 2000 . “ Constructivist and objectivist grounded theory ” . In Handbook of qualitative research , Edited by: Denzin , N. K. and Lincoln , Y. 509 – 535 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Charmaz , K. 2002 . “ Grounded theory: Methodology and theory construction ” . In International encyclopaedia of the social and behavioural sciences , Edited by: Smelser , N. J. and Baltes , P. B. 6396 – 6399 . Amsterdam : Pergamon .
  • Charmaz , K. 2006 . Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Clark , A. E. 2003 . Situational analysis: Grounded theory mapping after the post-modern turn . Symbolic Interaction , 26 : 553 – 576 .
  • Clark , R. D. 2002 . Evaluating the phenomenon of choking in professional golfers . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 95 : 1287 – 1294 .
  • Clark , T. P. , Tofler , I. R. and Lardon , M. T. 2005 . The sport psychiatrist and golf . Clinics in Sports Medicine , 24 : 959 – 971 .
  • Cooper , C. L. , Dewe , P. J. and O' Driscoll , M. 2001 . Stress and work organizations: A review and critique of theory, research and applications , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Eysenck , M. W. and Calvo , M. G. 1992 . Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory . Cognition and Emotion , 6 : 409 – 434 .
  • Fletcher , D. , Hanton , S. and Mellalieu , S. D. 2006 . “ An organizational stress review: Conceptual and theoretical issues in competitive sport ” . In Literature reviews in sport psychology , Edited by: Hanton , S. and Mellalieu , S. D. 321 – 373 . Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science .
  • Geertz , C. 1973 . The interpretation of cultures , New York : Basic Books .
  • Giacobbi , P. R. , Hausenblas , H. A. , Fallon , E. A. and Hall , C. A. 2003 . Even more about exercise imagery: A grounded theory of exercise imagery . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 15 : 160 – 175 .
  • Gladwell , M. 2000 . The art of failure . The New Yorker , 21 : 84 – 92 .
  • Glaser , B. and Strauss , A. 1967 . The discovery of grounded theory , Chicago, IL : Aldine .
  • Gray , R. 2004 . Attending to the execution of complex sensorimotor skill: Expertise differences, choking and slumps . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 10 : 42 – 54 .
  • Gucciardi , D. F. and Dimmock , J. A. 2008 . Choking under pressure in sensorimotor skills: Conscious processing or depleted attentional resources? . Psychology of Sport and Exercise , 9 : 45 – 59 .
  • Hanton , S. , Fletcher , D. and Coughlan , G. 2005 . Stress in elite performers: A comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors . Journal of Sports Sciences , 23 : 1129 – 1141 .
  • Hardy , L. 1990 . “ A catastrophe model of anxiety and performance ” . In Stress and performance in sport , Edited by: Jones , G. and Hardy , L. 81 – 106 . Chichester, , UK : Wiley .
  • Hardy , L. , Mullen , R. and Martin , N. 2001 . Effect of task-relevant cues and state anxiety on motor performance . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 92 : 943 – 946 .
  • Holt , N. L. and Dunn , J. G. H. 2004 . Towards a grounded theory of the psychosocial competencies and environmental conditions associated with soccer success . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 16 : 199 – 219 .
  • Holt , N. L. and Mitchell , T. 2006 . Talent development in English professional soccer . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 37 : 77 – 98 .
  • Jackson , R. C. , Ashford , J. J. and Norsworthy , G. 2006 . Attentional focus, dispositional reinvestment and skilled performance under pressure . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 28 : 49 – 68 .
  • Jones , G. , Hanton , S. and Connaughton , D. 2002 . What is this thing called mental toughness? An investigation of elite sport performers . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 14 : 205 – 218 .
  • Jones , G. , Hanton , S. and Connaughton , D. 2007 . A framework of mental toughness in the world's best performers . The Sport Psychologist , 21 : 243 – 264 .
  • Lazarus , R. 1999 . Stress and emotion: A new synthesis , New York : Springer .
  • Lewis , B. P. and Linder , D. E. 1997 . Thinking about choking? Attentional processes and paradoxical performance . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 23 : 937 – 944 .
  • Lincoln , Y. S. and Guba , E. G. 1985 . Naturalistic inquiry , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Masters , R. S. W. 1992 . Knowledge, knerves and know-how . British Journal of Psychology , 83 : 343 – 358 .
  • Masters , R. S. W. , Polman , R. C. J. and Hammond , N. V. 1993 . Reinvestment: A dimension of personality implicated in skill breakdown under pressure . Personality and Individual Differences , 14 : 655 – 666 .
  • Mesagno , C. , Marchant , D. and Morris , T. 2008 . A pre-performance routine to alleviate choking in “choking susceptible” athletes . The Sport Psychologist , 22 : 439 – 457 .
  • Mullen , R. , Hardy , L. and Tattersall , A. 2005 . State anxiety and motor performance: Testing the conscious processing hypothesis . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 785 – 799 .
  • Patton , M. Q. 2002 . Qualitative research and evaluation methods , 3rd edn , London : Sage .
  • Smith , N. C. , Bellamy , M. , Collins , D. J. and Newell , D. 2001 . A test of processing efficiency theory in a team sport context . Journal of Sports Sciences , 19 : 321 – 332 .
  • Sparkes , A. C. 1998 . Validity in qualitative inquiry and the problem of criteria: Implications for sport psychology . The Sport Psychologist , 12 : 363 – 386 .
  • Strauss , A. and Corbin , J. 1998 . Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques , 2nd edn , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Thelwell , R. C. , Weston , N. J. V. , Greenlees , I. A. and Hutchings , N. V. 2008 . A qualitative exploration of psychological-skills use in coaches . The Sport Psychologist , 22 : 38 – 53 .
  • Thomas , O. , Hanton , S. and Maynard , I. 2007 . A qualitative investigation of the temporal patterning of athletes’ pre-competitive symptoms and their use of pre-performance strategies: The role of facilitative and debilitative anxiety . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 19 : 379 – 397 .
  • Vickers , J. and Williams , M. 2007 . Performing under pressure: The effects of physiological arousal, cognitive anxiety and gaze control in biathlon . Journal of Motor Behavior , 39 : 381 – 394 .
  • Wallace , H. M. , Baumeister , R. F. and Vohs , K. D. 2005 . Audience support and choking under pressure: A home advantage . Journal of Sports Sciences , 23 : 429 – 438 .
  • Wang , J. , Marchant , D. B. , Morris , T. and Gibbs , P. 2004 . Coping style and susceptibility to choking . Journal of Sport Behavior , 27 : 75 – 92 .
  • Wilson , M. , Chattington , M. , Marple-Horvat , D. E. and Smith , C. N. 2007 . A comparison of self-focus versus attentional explanations of choking . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 29 : 439 – 456 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.