2,822
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

Sport imagery ability predicts trait confidence, and challenge and threat appraisal tendencies

&
Pages 499-508 | Received 13 Apr 2011, Accepted 30 Sep 2011, Published online: 03 Feb 2012

References

  • Abma , C.L. , Fry , M.D. , Li , Y. and Reylea , G. 2002 . Differences in imagery content and imagery ability between high and low confident track and field athletes . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 14 : 67 – 75 .
  • Albrecht , R.R. and Feltz , D.L. 1987 . Generality and specificity of attention related to competitive anxiety and sport performance . Journal of Sport Psychology , 9 : 231 – 248 .
  • Arbuckle , J.L. 1999 . AMOS (Version 16.0) , Chicago : Smallwaters Corporation. [Computer software] .
  • Bandura , A. 1977 . Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change . Psychological Review , 84 : 191 – 215 .
  • Bandura , A. 1997 . Self-efficacy: The exercise of control , New York : W.H. Freeman .
  • Baron , R.M. and Kenny , D.A. 1986 . The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
  • Barr , K. and Hall , C. 1992 . The use of imagery by rowers . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 23 : 243 – 261 .
  • Beauchamp , M.R. , Bray , S.R. and Albinson , J.G. 2002 . Pre-competition imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers . Journal of Sports Sciences , 20 : 697 – 705 .
  • Bentler , P.M. 1995 . EQS structural equations program manual , Encino , CA : Multivariate Software Inc .
  • Blascovich , J. and Mendes , W.B. 2000 . “ Challenge and threat appraisals. The role of affective cues ” . In Feeling and thinking: The role of affect in social cognition , 1st ed , Edited by: Forgas , J.P. 59 – 82 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Byrne , B.M. 2010 . Structural equation modelling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming , 2nd ed , New York : Taylor and Francis .
  • Callow , N. and Hardy , L. 2001 . Types of imagery associated with sport confidence in netball players of varying skill levels . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 13 : 1 – 17 .
  • Callow , N. , Hardy , L. and Hall , C. 1998 . The effect of a motivational-mastery imagery intervention on the sport confidence of three elite badminton players . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 10 : 135S
  • Callow , N. , Roberts , R. , & Fawkes , J.Z. 2006 . Effects of dynamic and static imagery on vividness of imagery, skiing performance, and confidence . Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity , 1 , 12 – 24 .
  • Callow , N. and Waters , A. 2005 . The effect of kinesthetic imagery on the sport confidence of flat-race horse jockeys . Psychology of Sport and Exercise , 6 : 443 – 459 .
  • Cumming , J. and Hall , C. 2002 . Athletes' use of imagery in the off-season . The Sport Psychologist , 16 : 160 – 172 .
  • Cumming , J. , Olphin , T. and Law , M. 2007 . Self-reported psychological states and physiological responses to different types of motivational general imagery . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 29 : 629 – 644 .
  • Feltz , D.L. 1984 . “ Self-efficacy as a cognitive mediator of athletic performance ” . In Cognitive sport psychology , 1st ed , Edited by: Straub , W.F. and Williams , J.M. 191 – 198 . Lansing , NY : Sport Science Associates .
  • Goss , S. , Hall , C. , Buckolz , E. and Fishburne , G. 1986 . Imagery ability and the acquisition and retention of movements . Memory and Cognition , 14 : 469 – 477 .
  • Hair J.F Anderson R.E & Black W.C 1998 Multivariate data analysis Upper Saddle River NJ Prentice Hall
  • Hall , C.R. 1998 . “ Measuring imagery abilities and imagery use ” . In Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement , Edited by: Duda , J.L. 165 – 172 . Morgantown , WV : Fitness Information Technology .
  • Hall , C. , Mack , D. , Paivio , A. and Hausenblas , H. 1998 . Imagery use by athletes: Development of the sport imagery questionnaire . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 29 : 73 – 89 .
  • Hall , C. and Martin , K.A. 1997 . Measuring movement imagery abilities: A revision of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire . Journal of Mental Imagery , 21 : 143 – 154 .
  • Hofmann , R. 1995 . Establishing factor validity using variable reduction in confirmatory factor analysis . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 55 : 572 – 582 .
  • Holmbeck , G.N. 1997 . Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 65 : 599 – 610 .
  • Hu , L. and Bentler , P.M. 1999 . Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives . Structural Equation Modelling , 6 : 1 – 55 .
  • Jones , G. , Hanton , S. and Swain , A. 1994 . Intensity and interpretations of anxiety symptoms in elite and non-elite performers . Personality and Individual Differences , 17 : 657 – 663 .
  • Jones , G. and Swain , A. 1995 . Predispositions to experience debilitative and facilitative anxiety in elite and non-elite performance . The Sport Psychologist , 9 : 201 – 211 .
  • Jones , M.V. , Mace , R.D. , Bray , S.R. , MacRae , A.W. and Stockbridge , C. 2002 . The impact of motivational imagery on the emotional state and self-efficacy levels of novice climbers . Journal of Sport Behavior , 25 : 57 – 73 .
  • Jones , M.V. , Meijen , C. , McCarthy , P.J. and Sheffield , D. 2009 . A theory of Challenge and Threat States in Athletes . International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 2 : 161 – 180 .
  • Jöreskog , K.G. and Sörbom , D. 1993 . LISREL 8 user's reference guide , Chicago : Scientific Software .
  • Kline , R.B. 2005 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , London : The Guilford Press .
  • Lazarus , R.S. 1991 . Emotion and adaptation , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Little , T.D. , Cunningham , W.A. , Shahar , G. and Widaman , K.F. 2002 . To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits . Structural Equation Modeling , 9 : 151 – 173 .
  • MacKinnon , D.P. 2000 . “ Contrasts in multiple mediator models ” . In Multivariate applications in substance use research , Edited by: Rose , J. , Chassin , L. , Presson , C.C. and Sherman , S.J. 141 – 160 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Markland , D. 2007 . The golden rule is that there are no golden rules: A commentary on Paul Barrett's recommendations for reporting model fit in structural equation modelling . Personality and Individual Differences , 42 : 851 – 858 .
  • Marsh , H.W. , Hau , K.-T. and Wen , Z. 2004 . In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings . Structural Equation Modeling , 11 : 320 – 341 .
  • Martin , K. A. and Hall , C.R. 1995 . Using mental imagery to enhance intrinsic motivation . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 17 : 54 – 69 .
  • Martin , K.A. , Moritz , S.E. and Hall , C. 1999 . Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model . The Sport Psychologist , 13 : 245 – 268 .
  • McKenzie , A.D. and Howe , B.L. 1997 . The effect of imagery on self-efficacy for a motor skill . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 28 : 196 – 210 .
  • Moritz , S. , Hall , C. , Martin , K. and Vadocz , E. 1996 . What are confident athletes imaging? An examination of image content . The Sport Psychologist , 10 : 171 – 179 .
  • Murphy , S. , Nordin , S.M. and Cumming , J. 2008 . “ Imagery in sport, exercise and dance ” . In Advances in sport and exercise psychology , 3rd ed , Edited by: Horn , T. 297 – 324 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
  • Neil , R. , Mellalieu , S.D. and Hanton , S. 2006 . Psychological skills usage and the competitive anxiety response as a function of skill level in rugby union . Journal of Sports Science and Medicine , 5 : 415 – 423 .
  • Nordin , S.M. and Cumming , J. 2005 . More than meets the eye: Investigating imagery type, direction, and outcome . The Sport Psychologist , 19 : 1 – 17 .
  • Orlick , T. and Partington , J. 1988 . Mental links to excellence . The Sport Psychologist , 2 : 105 – 130 .
  • Paivio , A. 1985 . Cognitive and motivational functions of imagery in human performance . Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science , 10 : 22S – 28S .
  • Preacher , K.J. and Hayes , A.F. 2008 . “ Contemporary approaches to assessing mediation in communication research ” . In The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research , Edited by: Hayes , A.F. , Slater , M.D. and Snyder , L.B. Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications .
  • Quested , E. and Duda , J.L. 2010 . Exploring the social-environmental determinants of well- and ill-being in dancers: A test of basic needs theory . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 32 : 39 – 60 .
  • Robin , N. , Dominique , L. , Toussaint , L. , Blandin , Y. , Guillot , A. and Le Her , M. 2007 . Effect of motor imagery training on service return accuracy in tennis: The role of imagery ability . International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 2 : 175 – 186 .
  • Short , S.E. , Bruggeman , J.M. , Engel , S.G. , Marback , T.L. , Wang , L.J. Willadsen , A. 2002 . The effect of imagery function and imagery direction on self-efficacy and performance on a golf-putting task . The Sport Psychologist , 16 : 48 – 67 .
  • Short , S.E. , Monsma , E.V. and Short , M.W. 2004 . Is what you see really what you get? Athletes’ perceptions of imagery's functions . The Sport Psychologist , 18 : 341 – 349 .
  • Skinner , N. and Brewer , N. 2002 . The dynamics of threat and challenge appraisals prior to stressful achievement events . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 83 : 678 – 692 .
  • Tabachnick , B.G. and Fidell , L.S. 2007 . Using multivariate statistics , 5th ed , Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
  • Vadocz , E.A. , Hall , C.R. and Moritz , S.E. 1997 . The relationship between cognitive anxiety and imagery use . Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 9 : 241 – 253 .
  • White , A. and Hardy , L. 1998 . An in-depth analysis of the uses of imagery by high-level slalom canoeists and artistic gymnasts . The Sport Psychologist , 12 : 387 – 403 .
  • Williams , S.E. and Cumming , J. 2011 . Measuring athlete imagery ability: The Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 33 : 416 – 440 .
  • Williams , S.E. , Cumming , J. and Balanos , G.M. 2010 . The use of imagery to manipulate challenge and threat appraisal states in athletes . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 32 : 339 – 358 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.