6,505
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Full squat produces greater neuromuscular and functional adaptations and lower pain than partial squats after prolonged resistance training

ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, &

References

  • Bellamy, N., Buchanan, W. W., Goldsmith, C. H., Campbell, J., & Stitt, L. W. (1988). Validation study of WOMAC: A health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. The Journal of Rheumatology, 15(12), 1833–1840.
  • Bloomquist, K., Langberg, H., Karlsen, S., Madsgaard, S., Boesen, M., & Raastad, T. (2013). Effect of range of motion in heavy load squatting on muscle and tendon adaptations, 113(8), 2133–2142. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2642-7
  • Calhoon, G., & Fry, A. C. (1999). Injury rates and profiles of elite competitive weightlifters. Journal of Athletic Training, 34(3), 232–238. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199805001-00298
  • Courel-Ibáñez, J., Martinez-Cava, A., Moran-Navarro, R., Escribano-Peñas, P., Chavarren-Cabrero, J., Gonzalez-Badillo, J. J., & Pallarés, J. G. (2019). Reproducibility and repeatability of five different technologies for bar velocity measurement in resistance training. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, In press. doi: 10.1007/s10439-019-02265-6
  • Escamilla, R. F., Fleisig, G. S., Lowry, T. M., Barrentine, S. W., & Andrews, J. R. (2001). A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the squat during varying stance widths. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6), 984–998. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200106000-00019
  • Escobar, A., Quintana, J. M., Bilbao, A., Azkárate, J., & Güenaga, J. I. (2002). Validation of the Spanish version of the WOMAC questionnaire for patients with Hip or Knee osteoarthritis. Clinical Rheumatology, 21(6), 466–471. doi: 10.1007/s100670200117
  • Fry, A. C. (2004). The role of resistance exercise intensity on muscle fibre adaptations. Sports Medicine, 34(10), 663–679. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200434100-00004
  • García-Pallarés, J. G., Sánchez-Medina, L., Carrasco, L., Díaz, A., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Endurance and neuromuscular changes in world-class level kayakers during a periodized training cycle. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(4), 629–638. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1061-2
  • García-Pallarés, J., Sánchez-Medina, L., Pérez, C. E., Izquierdo-Gabarren, M., & Izquierdo, M. (2010). Physiological effects of tapering and detraining in world-class kayakers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42(6), 1209–1214. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c9228c
  • González-Badillo, J. J., & Sánchez-Medina, L. (2010). Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(5), 347–352. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1248333
  • Guermazi, M., Ghroubi, S., Kassis, M., Jaziri, O., Keskes, H., Kessomtini, W., … Elleuch, M. H. (2006). Validity and reliability of Spinal Mouse® to assess lumbar flexion. Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique, 49(4), 172–177. doi: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2006.03.001
  • Hamill, B. P. (1994). Relative safety of weightlifting and weight training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 8(1), 53–57.
  • Hartmann, H., Wirth, K., & Klusemann, M. (2013). Analysis of the load on the knee joint and vertebral column with changes in squatting depth and weight load. Sports Medicine, 43(10), 993–1008. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0073-6
  • Hartmann, H., Wirth, K., Klusemann, M., Dalic, J., Matuschek, C., & Schmidtbleicher, D. (2012). Influence of squatting depth on jumping performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(12), 3243–3261. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824ede62
  • Hartmann, H., Wirth, K., Mickel, C., Keiner, M., Sander, A., Yaghobi, D., … Yaghobi, D. (2016). Stress for vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs with respect to squatting depth. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 1(2), 254–268. doi: 10.3390/jfmk1020254
  • Izquierdo-Gabarren, M., González De Txabarri Expósito, R., García-Pallarés, J., Sánchez-medina, L., De Villarreal, E. S., & Izquierdo, M. (2010). Concurrent endurance and strength training not to failure optimizes performance gains. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42(6), 1191–1199. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c67eec
  • Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 863. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
  • Martínez-Cava, A., Morán-Navarro, R., Sánchez-Medina, L., González-Badillo, J. J., & Pallarés, J. G. (2019). Velocity- and power-load relationships in the half, parallel and full back squat. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(10), 1088–1096. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1544187
  • Morán-Navarro, R., Pérez, C. E., Mora-Rodríguez, R., de la Cruz-Sánchez, E., González-Badillo, J. J., Sánchez-Medina, L., & Pallarés, J. G. (2017). Time course of recovery following resistance training leading or not to failure. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 117(12), 2387–2399. doi: 10.1007/s00421-017-3725-7
  • Pallarés, J. G., Fernández-Elías, V. E., Ortega, J. F., Muñoz, G., Munoz-Guerra, J., & Mora-Rodríguez, R. (2013). Neuromuscular responses to incremental caffeine doses: Performance and side effects. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45(11), 2184–2192. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829a6672
  • Pallarés, J. G., Sánchez-Medina, L., Pérez, C. E., De La Cruz-Sánchez, E., & Mora-Rodriguez, R. (2014). Imposing a pause between the eccentric and concentric phases increases the reliability of isoinertial strength assessments. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(12), 1165–1175. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2014.889844
  • Pareja-Blanco, F., Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Sánchez-Medina, L., Gorostiaga, E., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2014). Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on neuromuscular performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(11), 916–924. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1363985
  • Pareja-Blanco, F., Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Sánchez-Medina, L., Sanchis-Moysi, J., Dorado, C., Mora-Custodio, R., … González-Badillo, J. J. (2017). Effects of velocity loss during resistance training on athletic performance, strength gains and muscle adaptations. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(7), 724–735. doi: 10.1111/sms.12678
  • Rhea, M. R., Kenn, J. G., & Dermody, B. M. (2009). Alterations in speed of squat movement and the use of accommodated resistance among college athletes training for power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research / National Strength & Conditioning Association, 23(9), 2645–2650. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3e1b6
  • Rhea, M. R., Kenn, J. G., Peterson, M. D., & Massey, D. (2016). Joint-angle specific strength adaptations influence improvements in power in highly trained athletes. Human Movement, 17(1), 43–49. doi: 10.1515/humo-2016-0006
  • Rønnestad, B. R., Hansen, J., Hollan, I., & Ellefsen, S. (2015). Strength training improves performance and pedaling characteristics in elite cyclists. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 25(1), e89–e98. doi: 10.1111/sms.12257
  • Ronnestad, B. R., & Mujika, I. (2014). Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance: A review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(4), 603–612. doi: 10.1111/sms.12104
  • Sánchez-Medina, L., Perez, C. E., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2010). Importance of the propulsive phase in strength assessment. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(2), 123–129. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1242815
  • Seitz, L. B., Reyes, A., Tran, T. T., de Villarreal, E. S., & Haff, G. G. (2014). Increases in lower-body strength transfer positively to sprint performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 44(12), 1693–1702. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0227-1
  • Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., & Stone, M. H. (2016). The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 46(10), 1419–1449. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0486-0
  • Weiss, L. W., Fry, A. C., Wood, L. E., Relyea, G. E., & Melton, C. (2000). Comparative effects of deep versus shallow squat and leg-press training on vertical jumping ability and related factors. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14(3), 241–247. doi: 10.1519/00124278-200008000-00001
  • Wilson, G. J. (1998). Strength and power in sport. In J. Bloomfield, T. R. Ackland, & B. C. Elliot (Eds.), Applied anatomy and biomechanics in sport (3rd ed., pp. 110–208). Berlin: Blackwell.
  • Wirth, K., Hartmann, H., Sander, A., Mickel, C., Szilvas, E., & Keiner, M. (2016). The impact of back squat and leg-press exercises on maximal strength and speed-strength parameters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1205–1212. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001228
  • Wretenberg, P., Feng, Y., & Arborelius, U. P. (1996). High- and low-bar squatting techniques during weight-training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(2), 218–224. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199602000-00010
  • Young, W., Benton, D., Duthie, G., & Pryor, J. (2001). Resistance training for short sprints and maximum-speed sprints. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 23(2), 7–13. doi: 10.1519/00126548-200104000-00001
  • Zatsiorsky, V. M., & Kraemer, W. J. (2006). Science and practice of strength training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.