Increased footwear comfort is associated with improved running economy – a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Agresta, C., Peacock, J., Carmichael, A., Nielsen, K. E., Zendler, J., & Gonzalez, R. (2020). The perception of ride is multidimensional for running footwear. Footwear Science, 12(1), 15–24. doi:10.1080/19424280.2019.1706645
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardern, C. L., Glasgow, P., Schneiders, A., Witvrouw, E., Clarsen, B., Cools, A., … Bizzini, M. (2016). 2016 consensus statement on return to sport from the first world congress in sports physical therapy, Bern. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(14), 853–864. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armijo-Olivo, S., Fuentes, J., da Costa, B. R., Saltaji, H., Ha, C., & Cummings, G. G. (2017). Blinding in physical therapy trials and its association with treatment effects: A meta-epidemiological study. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 96(1), 34–44. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armijo-Olivo, S., Stiles, C. R., Hagen, N. A., Biondo, P. D., & Cummings, G. G. (2012). Assessment of study quality for systematic reviews: A comparison of the Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool and the effective public health practice project quality assessment tool: Methodological research. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 18(1), 12–18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01516.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schunemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., … Guyatt, G. H. (2011). GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 64(4), 401–406. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop, C., Buckley, J. D., Esterman, A. E., & Arnold, J. B. (2020). The running shoe comfort assessment tool (RUN-CAT): Development and evaluation of a new multi-item assessment tool for evaluating the comfort of running footwear. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(18), 2100–2107. doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1773613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg, G. A. V. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14(5), 377. doi:10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke, J. R., & Papuga, M. O. (2012). Effects of foot orthotics on running economy: Methodological considerations. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 35(4), 327–336. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crago, D., Bishop, C., & Arnold, J. B. (2019). The effect of foot orthoses and insoles on running economy and performance in distance runners: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(22), 2613–2624. doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1651582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P. T., & Altman, D. G. (2020). Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In J. P. T. Higgins, J. Thomas, J. Chandler, M. Cumpston, T. Li, M. J. Page, & V. A. Welch (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane. www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
   Google Scholar
• Dinato, R. C., Ribeiro, A. P., Butugan, M. K., Pereira, I. L., Onodera, A. N., & Sacco, I. C. (2015). Biomechanical variables and perception of comfort in running shoes with different cushioning technologies. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(1), 93–97. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effective Public Health Practice Project. (2009). Quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Retrieved from https://merst.ca/ephpp/
   Google Scholar
• Fuller, J. T., Bellenger, C. R., Thewlis, D., Tsiros, M. D., & Buckley, J. D. (2015). The effect of footwear on running performance and running economy in distance runners. Sports Medicine, 45(3), 411–422. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0283-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidetti, L., Meucci, M., Bolletta, F., Emerenziani, G. P., Gallotta, M. C., & Baldari, C. (2018). Validity, reliability and minimum detectable change of COSMED K5 portable gas exchange system in breath-by-breath mode. PLoS One, 13(12), e0209925. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, W. V. (Eds.). (2020). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Vol. 6.1). Cochrane. Retrieved from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook
   Google Scholar
• Hintzy, F., Cavagna, J., & Horvais, N. (2015). Evolution of perceived footwear comfort over a prolonged running session. The Foot, 25(4), 220–223. doi:10.1016/j.foot.2015.08.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hirschmuller, A., Baur, H., Muller, S., Helwig, P., Dickhuth, H. H., & Mayer, F. (2011). Clinical effectiveness of customised sport shoe orthoses for overuse injuries in runners: A randomised controlled study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(12), 959–965. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.055830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges, L. D., Brodie, D. A., & Bromley, P. D. (2005). Validity and reliability of selected commercially available metabolic analyzer systems. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 15(5), 271–279. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00477.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honert, E. C., Mohr, M., Lam, W. K., & Nigg, S. (2020). Shoe feature recommendations for different running levels: A Delphi study. PLoS One, 15(7), e0236047. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogkamer, W., Kipp, S., Frank, J. H., Farina, E. M., Luo, G., & Kram, R. (2018). A comparison of the energetic cost of running in Marathon racing shoes. Sports Medicine, 48(4), 1009–1019. doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0811-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogkamer, W., Kipp, S., & Kram, R. (2019). The biomechanics of competitive male runners in three Marathon racing shoes: A randomized crossover study. Sports Medicine, 49(1), 133–143. doi:10.1007/s40279-018-1024-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurst, B., Branthwaite, H., Greenhalgh, A., & Chockalingam, N. (2017). Medical-grade footwear: The impact of fit and comfort. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 10, 2. doi:10.1186/s13047-016-0184-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, N., Waters, E., Guidelines for Systematic Reviews in Health Promotion, & Public Health Taskforce. (2005). Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions. Health Promotion International, 20(4), 367–374. doi:10.1093/heapro/dai022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby, K. A. (2017). Evolution of foot orthoses in sports. In M. B. Werd, E. Leslie Knight, & P. R. Langer (Eds.), Athletic footwear and orthoses in sports medicine (pp. 19–40). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lindorfer, J., Kroll, J., & Schwameder, H. (2019). Comfort assessment of running footwear: Does assessment type affect inter-session reliability? European Journal of Sport Science, 19(2), 177–185. doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1502358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindorfer, J., Kroll, J., & Schwameder, H. (2020). Does enhanced footwear comfort affect oxygen consumption and running biomechanics? European Journal of Sport Science, 20(4), 468–476. doi:10.1080/17461391.2019.1640288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, S. P., Worobets, J., Nigg, B., & Stefanyshyn, D. (2009). Improved footwear comfort reduces oxygen consumption during running. Footwear Science, 1(1), 25–29. doi:10.1080/19424280902993001
   Google Scholar
• Luo, Z. P., Berglund, L. J., & An, K. N. (1998). Validation of F-scan pressure sensor system: A technical note. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 35(2), 186–191. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9651890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, T., Georg, T., Becker, C., & Kindermann, W. (2001). Reliability of gas exchange measurements from two different spiroergometry systems. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(8), 593–597. doi:10.1055/s-2001-18523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills, K., Blanch, P., & Vicenzino, B. (2011). Influence of contouring and hardness of foot orthoses on ratings of perceived comfort. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(8), 1507–1512. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31820e783f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Group, P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLOS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, I. S. (2016). Is there an economical running technique? A review of modifiable biomechanical factors affecting running economy. Sports Medicine, 46(6), 793–807. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0474-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, I. S., Jones, A., & Dixon, S. (2014). The pursuit of improved running performance: Can changes in cushioning and somatosensory feedback influence running economy and injury risk? Footwear Science, 6(1), 1–11. doi:10.1080/19424280.2013.873487
   Google Scholar
• Mundermann, A., Nigg, B. M., Humble, R. N., & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (2003). Orthotic comfort is related to kinematics, kinetics, and EMG in recreational runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(10), 1710–1719. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000089352.47259.CA
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundermann, A., Nigg, B. M., Stefanyshyn, D. J., & Humble, R. N. (2002). Development of a reliable method to assess footwear comfort during running. Gait & Posture, 16(1), 38–45. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12127185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundermann, A., Stefanyshyn, D. J., & Nigg, B. M. (2001). Relationship between footwear comfort of shoe inserts and anthropometric and sensory factors. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(11), 1939–1945. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11689747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, B. M. (2001). The role of impact forces and foot pronation: A new paradigm. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 11(1), 2–9. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11176139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, B. M., Baltich, J., Hoerzer, S., & Enders, H. (2015). Running shoes and running injuries: Myth busting and a proposal for two new paradigms: ‘Preferred movement path’ and ‘comfort filter’. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(20), 1290–1294. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg, B. M., Nurse, M. A., & Stefanyshyn, D. J. (1999). Shoe inserts and orthotics for sport and physical activities. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 31(7 Suppl), S421–S428. doi:10.1097/00005768-199907001-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, C. D., Pivarnik, J. M., & Green, M. R. (2004). Reliability and validity of the VmaxST portable metabolic analyzer. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 1(4), 413–422. doi:10.1123/jpah.1.4.413
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair, J., McGrath, R., Brook, O., Taylor, P. J., & Dillon, S. (2016). Influence of footwear designed to boost energy return on running economy in comparison to a conventional running shoe. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(11), 1094–1098. doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1088961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair, J., Shore, H., & Dillon, S. (2016). The effect of minimalist, maximalist and energy return footwear of equal mass on running economy and substrate utilisation. Comparative Exercise Physiology, 12(1), 49–54. doi:10.3920/cep150029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavin, R. (2009). The relationship between sample sizes and effect sizes in systematic reviews in education. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 31(4), 7. doi:10.3102/0162373709352369
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sousa, F. F., Pereira, L. V., Cardoso, R., & Hortense, P. (2010). Escala multidimensional de avaliação de dor (EMADOR). Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 18(1), 1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Souza, R. F., Rezende, P. E., Matos, D. G., Zanona, A. F., Silva, R. A., Schemly, P. A., … Aidar, F. J. (2018). Analysis of race performance on different floors using cushioned sneakers and barefoot. Motricidade, 14(S1), 142–148.
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, C. J., Mauger, A. R., Hassmèn, P., & Taylor, L. (2018). Endurance performance is influenced by perceptions of pain and temperature: Theory, applications and safety considerations. Sports Medicine, 48(3), 525–537. doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0852-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, X., Lam, W. K., Zhang, X., Wang, J., & Fu, W. (2020). Systematic review of the role of footwear constructions in running biomechanics: Implications for running-related injury and performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 19(1), 20–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, B. H., Ciliska, D., Dobbins, M., & Micucci, S. (2004). A process for systematically reviewing the literature: Providing the research evidence for public health nursing interventions. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 1(3), 176–184. doi:10.1111/j.1524-475X.2004.04006.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Utter, A. C., Robertson, R. J., Green, J. M., Suminski, R. R., McAnulty, S. R., & Nieman, D. C. (2004). Validation of the adult OMNI scale of perceived exertion for walking/running exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(10), 1776–1780. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000142310.97274.94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Alsenoy, K., Ryu, J. H., & Girard, O. (2019). The effect of EVA and TPU custom foot orthoses on running economy, running mechanics, and comfort. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 1, 34. doi:10.3389/fspor.2019.00034
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vicenzino, B. (2004). Foot orthotics in the treatment of lower limb conditions: A musculoskeletal physiotherapy perspective. Manual Therapy, 9(4), 185–196. doi:10.1016/j.math.2004.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakeling, J. M., Von Tscharner, V., Nigg, B. M., & Stergiou, P. (2001). Muscle activity in the leg is tuned in response to ground reaction forces. Journal of Applied Physiology, 91(3), 1307–1317. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.3.1307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, A. E., & Nester, C. J. (2006). Patient perceptions of stock footwear design features. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 30(1), 61–71. doi:10.1080/03093640600574425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witana, C. P., Goonetilleke, R. S., Au, E. Y., Xiong, S., & Lu, X. (2009). Footbed shapes for enhanced footwear comfort. Ergonomics, 52(5), 617–628. doi:10.1080/00140130802419503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusof, N. A. D. M., Jamil, P. A. S. M., Hashim, N. M., Karuppiah, K., Rasdi, I., Tamrin, S. B. M., … Sambasivam, S. (2019). Likert scale vs. visual analogue scale on vehicle seat discomfort questionnaire: A review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 15(204).
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., Luo, Z., Wang, X., Yang, Y., Niu, J., & Fu, W. (2019). Shoe cushioning effects on foot loading and comfort perception during typical basketball maneuvers. Applied Sciences, 9(18), 3893. doi:10.3390/app9183893
   Google Scholar