Perfectionism and performance-related psychobiosocial states: The mediating role of competition appraisals

References

• Adie, J. W., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2008). Achievement goals, competition appraisals, and the psychological and emotional welfare of sport participants. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(3), 302–322. doi:10.1123/jsep.30.3.302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beatty, G. F., & Janelle, C. M. (2020). Emotion regulation and motor performance: An integrated review and proposal of the Temporal Influence Model of Emotion Regulation (TIMER). International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 266–296. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2019.1695140
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blascovich, J. (2008). Challenge and threat. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation (pp. 431–445). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blascovich, J., Seery, M. D., Mugridge, C. A., Norris, R. K., & Weisbuch, M. (2004). Predicting athletic performance from cardiovascular indexes of challenge and threat. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(5), 683–688. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2003.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brimmell, J., Parker, J., Wilson, M. R., Vine, S. J., & Moore, L. J. (2019). Challenge and threat states, performance, and attentional control during a pressurized soccer penalty task. Sport. Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 8(1), 63–79. doi:10.1037/spy0000147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, P. R. E., Gaudreau, P., Mosewich, A. D., & Kljajic, K. (2014). Perfectionism and the stress process in intercollegiate athletes: Examining the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism in sport competition. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 45(4), 325–348. doi:10.7352/IJSP2014.45.325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donachie, T. C., & Hill, A. P. (2020). Helping soccer players help themselves: Effectiveness of a psychoeducational book in reducing perfectionism. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. doi:10.1080/10413200.2020.1819472
   Google Scholar
• Donachie, T. C., Hill, A. P., & Hall, H. K. (2018). The relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and pre-competition emotions of youth footballers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 37, 33–42. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.04.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, J. G. H., Gotwals, J. K., Dunn, J. C., & Lizmore, M. R. (2020). Perfectionism, pre-competitive worry, and optimism in high-performance youth athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(6), 749–763. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2019.1577900
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekkekakis, P. (2013). The measurement of affect, mood, and emotion: A guide for health-behavioral research. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Friesen, A. P., Lane, A. M., Devonport, T. J., Sellars, C. N., Stanley, D. N., & Beedie, C. J. (2013). Emotion in sport: Considering interpersonal regulation strategies. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(1), 139–154. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2012.742921
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotwals, J. K., & Dunn, J. G. H. (2009). A multi-method multi-analytic approach to establishing internal construct validity evidence: The sport multidimensional perfectionism scale 2. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 13(2), 71–92. doi:10.1080/10913670902812663
   Google Scholar
• Gotwals, J. K., Dunn, J. G. H., Causgrove Dunn, J., & Gamache, V. (2010). Establishing validity evidence for the sport multidimensional perfectionism scale-2 in intercollegiate sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(6), 423–432. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.04.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotwals, J. K., Stoeber, J., Dunn, J. G. H., & Stoll, O. (2012). Are perfectionistic strivings in sport adaptive? A systematic review of confirmatory, contradictory, and mixed evidence. Canadian Psychology, 53(4), 263–279. doi:10.1037/a0030288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gucciardi, D. F., Mahoney, J., Jalleh, G., Donovan, R. J., & Parkes, J. (2012). Perfectionistic profiles among elite athletes and differences in their motivational orientations. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(2), 159–183. doi:10.1123/jsep.34.2.159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F. F., Black, B., Babin, B. J. J., Anderson, R. E. E., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. J., & Anderson, R. E. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Hampshire, UK: Cengage.
   Google Scholar
• Hanin, Y. L. (2007). Emotions in sport: Current issues and perspectives. In G. Tenenbaum, & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 31–58). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Hase, A., O’Brien, J., Moore, L. J., & Freeman, P. (2019). The relationship between challenge and threat states and performance: A systematic review. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 8(2), 123–144. doi:10.1037/spy0000132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, A. P., Mallinson-Howard, S. H., & Jowett, G. E. (2018). Multidimensional perfectionism in sport: A meta-analytical review. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 7(3), 235–270. doi:10.1037/spy0000125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, M., Meijen, C., McCarthy, P. J., & Sheffield, D. (2009). A theory of challenge and threat states in athletes. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2, 161–180. doi:10.1080/17509840902829331
   Google Scholar
• Kilby, C. J., Sherman, K. A., & Wuthrich, V. (2018). Towards understanding interindividual differences in stressor appraisals: A systematic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 92–100. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S. (2000). How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. The Sport Psychologist, 14(3), 229–252. doi:10.1123/tsp.14.3.229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 151–173. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• McLoughlin, E., Arnold, R., Fletcher, D., Spahr, C. M., Slavich, G. M., & Moore, L. J. (2022). Assessing lifetime stressor exposure in sport performers: Associations with trait stress appraisals, health, well-being, and performance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 58, 102078. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, L. J., Freeman, P., Hase, A., Solomon-Moore, E., & Arnold, R. (2019). How consistent are challenge and threat evaluations? A generalizability analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1778. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morano, M., Robazza, C., Ruiz, M. C., Cataldi, S., Fischetti, F., & Bortoli, L. (2020). Gender-typed sport practice, physical self-perceptions, and performance-related emotions in adolescent girls. Sustainability, 12, 20. doi:10.3390/su12208518
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus user’s guide. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• Peña-Sarrionandia, A., Mikolajczak, M., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Integrating emotion regulation and emotional intelligence traditions: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 160. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossato, C. J. L., Uphill, M. A., Swain, J., & Coleman, D. A. (2018). The development and preliminary validation of the challenge and threat in sport (CAT-Sport) scale. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(2), 164–177. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2016.1182571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz, M. C., Bortoli, L., & Robazza, C. (2021). The multi-states (MuSt) theory for emotion- and action-regulation in sports. In R. M. C., & R. C. (Eds.), Feelings in sport: Theory, research, and practical implications for performance and well-being (pp. 3–17). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz, M. C., Hanin, Y. L., & Robazza, C. (2016). Assessment of performance-related experiences: An individualized approach. The Sport Psychologist, 30(3), 201–218. doi:10.1123/tsp.2015-0035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz, M. C., Raglin, J. S., & Hanin, Y. L. (2017). The individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model (1978–2014): Historical overview of its development and use. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 41–63. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2015.1041545
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz, M. C., Robazza, C., Tolvanen, A., & Hanin, J. (2019). The Psychobiosocial States (PBS-S) Scale: Factor structure and reliability. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 35(5), 658–665. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000454
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sammy, N., Harris, D., & Vine, S. (2021). Challenge and threat states, and emotions. In M. C. Ruiz & C. Robazza (Eds.), Feelings in sport: Theory, research, and practical implications for performance and well-being (pp. 18–26). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003052012-2
   Google Scholar
• Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2016). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Seery, M. D. (2011). Challenge or threat? Cardiovascular indexes of resilience and vulnerability to potential stress in humans. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(7), 1603–1610. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soper, D. S. (2021). A-priori sample size calculator for structural equation models. http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc.
   Google Scholar
• Stoeber, J. (2012). The 2×2 model of perfectionism: A critical comment and some suggestions. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(5), 541–545. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.04.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoeber, J. (2018). The psychology of perfectionism: Theory, research, applications. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stoeber, J., & Madigan, D. J. (2016). Measuring perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise: Review, critique, recommendations. In A. P. Hill (Ed.), The psychology of perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise (pp. 31–56). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stoeber, J., & Rennert, D. (2008). Perfectionism in school teachers: Relations with stress appraisals, coping styles, and burnout. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 21(1), 37–53. doi:10.1080/10615800701742461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoeber, J., Stoll, O., Pescheck, E., & Otto, K. (2008). Perfectionism and achievement goals in athletes: Relations with approach and avoidance orientations in mastery and performance goals. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(2), 102–121. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomaka, J., Palacios, R. L., Champion, C., & Monks, S. (2018). Development and validation of an instrument that assesses individual differences in threat and challenge appraisal. Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 7, 313. doi:10.4172/2167-1044.1000313
   Google Scholar
• Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2020). Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus. New York, NY: Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, N., Parker, J., Freeman, P., Black, M., & Moore, L. (2018). The relationship between challenge and threat states and anaerobic power, core affect, perceived exertion, and self-focused attention during a competitive sprint cycling task. Progress in Brain Research, 240, 1–17. doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, W. (2012). Sadly, the earth is still round (p<0.05). Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1(1), 9–11. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2012.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zureck, E., Altstötter-Gleich, C., Gerstenberg, F. X. R., & Schmitt, M. (2015). Perfectionism in the transactional stress model. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 18–23. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar