Intergroup images mediate the relationships between government abuse, sociopolitical orientations, and political action

References

• Alexander, M. G., Brewer, M. B., & Hermann, R. K. (1999). Images and affect: A functional analysis of out-group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(1), 78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander, M. G., Brewer, M. B., & Livingston, R. W. (2005). Putting stereotype content in context: Image theory and interethnic stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(6), 781–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander, M. G., Levin, S., & Henry, P. J. (2005). Image theory, social identity, and social dominance: Structural characteristics and individual motives underlying international images. Political Psychology, 26(1), 27–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom: Understanding right-wing authoritarianism. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Altemeyer, R. A., & Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bloom, M. (2005). Dying to kill: The allure of suicide terror. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boulding, K. E. (1956). The image: Knowledge in life and society (Vol. 47). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan press.
   Google Scholar
• Brachman, J. (2010). Policing Al Qaeda's Army of Rhetorical Terrorists. Wm. Mitchell L.Rev., 37, 5225.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, J. E., & Nickerson, S. L. (2009). Predictors of protest among anti‐globalization demonstrators 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(3), 734–761.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, D., Liu, M., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Collective resistance under authoritarianism: Elite–mass strategies in an experimental game. Political Behavior, 38(4), 951–976.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2004). Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic Papers, 56(4), 563–595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottam, R. W. (1977). Foreign policy motivation: A general theory and a case study. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, M. (1981). The causes of terrorism. Comparative Politics, 13(4), 379–399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronin, T., & Smith, H. (2011). Protest, exit, or deviance: Adjunct university faculty reactions to occupational rank‐based mistreatment 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(10), 2352–2373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuddy, A. J., Fiske, S. T., & Glick, P. (2008). Warmth and competence as universal dimensions of social perception: The stereotype content model and the BIAS map. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 61–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duckitt, J. (2001). A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory of ideology and prejudice. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 41–113.
   Google Scholar
• Duckitt, J., & Sibley, C. G. (2010). Personality, ideology, prejudice, and politics: A dual‐ process motivational model. Journal of Personality, 78(6), 1861–1894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eicher, V., Pratto, F., & Wilhelm, P. (2013). Value differentiation between enemies and allies: Value projection in national images. Political Psychology, 34(1), 127–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon, J. D., & Laitin, D. D. (2003). Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war. American Political Science Review, 97(1), 75–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick, P. (2002). Sacrificial lambs dressed in wolves’ clothing. Understanding Genocide: The Social Psychology of the Holocaust, 113, 113–142
   Google Scholar
• Gurr, T. R. (2000). Peoples versus states: Minorities at risk in the new century. Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gurr, T. R. (2015). Why men rebel. New York, NY.: Routledge. [Originally published was 1970].
   Google Scholar
• Herrmann, R. K. (1985). Perceptions and behavior in Soviet foreign policy. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ho, A. K., Sidanius, J., Kteily, N., Sheehy-Skeffington, J., Pratto, F., Henkel, K. E., … Stewart, A. L. (2015). The nature of social dominance orientation: Theorizing and measuring preferences for intergroup inequality using the new SDO scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(6), 1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horgan, J. (2004). The psychology of terrorism. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Irons, J. (1998). The shaping of activist recruitment and participation: A study of women in the Mississippi civil rights movement. Gender & Society, 12(6), 692–709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, J. (2008). Blood that cries out from the earth: The psychology of religious terrorism. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Juergensmeyer, M. (2017). Terror in the mind of God: The global rise of religious violence (Vol. 13). Berkley and Los Angeles, CA: Univ of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kalyvas, S. N., & Kocher, M. A. (2007). How “free” is free riding in civil wars?: Violence, insurgency, and the collective action problem. World Politics, 59(2), 177–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearns, E. M., Asal, V., Walsh, J. I., Federico, C., & Lemieux, A. F. (2018). Political action as a function of grievances, risk, and social identity: An experimental approach. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (2014). Activists beyond borders: Advocacy networks in international politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Keppel, G., Milelli, J. P., & Ghazaleh, P. (2008). Al Qaeda in its own words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Klandermans, P. G. (1997). The social psychology of protest. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Kteily, N., Bruneau, E., Waytz, A., & Cotterill, S. (2015). The ascent of man: Theoretical and empirical evidence for blatant dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), 901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, B. (2005). Messages to the world: The statements of Osama Bin Laden. London, UK: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Lemieux, A. F., & Asal, V. H. (2010). Grievance, social dominance orientation, and authoritarianism in the choice and justification of terror versus protest. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 3(3), 194–207.
   Google Scholar
• Lemieux, A. F., Kearns, E. M., Asal, V., & Walsh, J. I. (2017). Support for political mobilization and protest in Egypt and Morocco: an online experimental study. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict,10(2–3), 124–142.
   Google Scholar
• Leudar, I., Marsland, V., & Nekvapil, J. (2004). On membership categorization: ‘us’, ‘them’ and ‘doing violence ’in political discourse. Discourse & Society, 15(2–3), 243–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, B. J., & Kteily, N. S. (2018). (Anti-) egalitarianism differentially predicts empathy for members of advantaged versus disadvantaged groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(5), 665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie, D. M., Devos, T., & Smith, E. R. (2000). Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(4), 602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsella, A. J. (2005). Culture and conflict: Understanding, negotiating, and reconciling conflicting constructions of reality. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 651–673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, C. (2001). Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McCauley, C. (2004). Psychological issues in understanding terrorism and the response to terrorism. In C. Stout (Ed.), Psychology of Terrorism: Coping with the Continuing Threat, Condensed Edition, 33–65. The Psychology of Terrorism, Greenwood Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Olson, J. M., Roesesc, N. J., Meen, J., & Robertson, D. J. (1995). The preconditions and consequences of relative deprivation: Two field studies 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25(11), 944–964.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opotow, S. (1995). Drawing the line: Social categorization, moral exclusion, and the scope of justice. In B. B. Bunker & J. Z. Rubin (Eds.), The Jossey-Bass management series and The Jossey-Bass conflict resolution series. Conflict, cooperation, and justice: Essays inspired by the work of Morton Deutsch (pp. 347–369). San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Opp, K. D. (1988). Grievances and participation in social movements. American Sociological Review, 53(6), 853–864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pager, D., & Shepherd, H. (2008). The sociology of discrimination: Racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit, and consumer markets. Annual Review of Sociology, 34(1), 181–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pape, R. A. (2006). Dying to win: The strategic logic of suicide terrorism. New York, NY: Random House Incorporated.
   Google Scholar
• Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, J. I. (1993). Structural causes of oppositional political terrorism: Towards a causal model. Journal of Peace Research, 30(3), 317–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. H., & Struch, N. (1989). Values, stereotypes, and intergroup antagonism. In D. Bar-Tal, C. F. Graumann, A. W. Kruglanski, W. Stroebe (Eds.), Stereotyping and prejudice (pp. 151–167). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, J., Hao, Z., Saeri, A. K., & Cui, L. (2015). The dual-pathway model of collective action: Impacts of types of collective action and social identity. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 18(1), 45–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (2001). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, B., & Klandermans, B. (2001). Politicized collective identity: A social psychological analysis. American Psychologist, 56(4), 319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staub, E. (1990). Moral exclusion, personal goal theory, and extreme destructiveness. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 47–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarrow, S. G. (2011). Power in movement: Social movements and contentious politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• The Economist/YouGov. (2020, June). 1500 US Adult Citizens. Retrieved from https://docs.cdn.yougov.com/vgqowgynze/econTabReport.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C. (1978). From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dyke, N. (2003). Crossing movement boundaries: Factors that facilitate coalition protest by American college students, 1930–1990. Social Problems, 50(2), 226–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Stekelenburg, J., Klandermans, B., & Van Dijk, W. W. (2011). Combining motivations and emotion: The motivational dynamics of protest participation. Revista de Psicología Social, 26(1), 91–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren, M., Kutlaca, M., & Turner-Zwinkels, F. (2018). Integrating who “we” are with what “we”(will not) stand for: A further extension of the social identity model of collective action. European Review of Social Psychology, 29(1), 122–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren, M., Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2008). Toward an integrative social identity model of collective action: A quantitative research synthesis of three socio- psychological perspectives. Psychological Bulletin, 134(4), 504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhulst, J., & Walgrave, S. (2009). The first time is the hardest? A cross-national and cross- issue comparison of first-time protest participants. Political Behavior, 31(3), 455–484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victoroff, J. (2005). The mind of the terrorist: A review and critique of psychological approaches. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(1), 3–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar