Structural and functional evaluations for the early detection of glaucoma

References

• Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:262–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang XR, Knighton RW. Microtubules contribute to the birefringence of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:4588–4593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinreb RN, Shakiba S, Zangwill L. Scanning laser polarimetry to measure the nerve fiber layer of normal and glaucomatous eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119:627–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgansky-Eliash Z, Wollstein G, Bilonick RA, et al. glaucoma detection with the Heidelberg retina tomograph 3. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:466–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mai TA, Reus NJ, Lemij HG. Diagnostic accuracy of scanning laser polarimetry with enhanced versus variable corneal compensation. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1988–1993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim TW, Park UC, Park KH, et al. Ability of stratus OCT to identify localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects in patients with normal standard automated perimetry results. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:1635–1641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwanza JC, Oakley JD, Budenz DL, et al. Ability of cirrus HD-OCT optic nerve head parameters to discriminate normal from glaucomatous eyes. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:241–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotowski J, Folio LS, Wollstein G, et al. Glaucoma discrimination of segmented cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) macular scans. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:1420–1425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Beltagi TA, Bowd C, Boden C, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured with optical coherence tomography is related to visual function in glaucomatous eyes. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:2185–2191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreras A, Pablo LE, Garway-Heath DF, et al. Mapping standard automated perimetry to the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucoma. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:3018–3025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilforushan N, Nassiri N, Moghimi S, et al. Structure–function relationships between spectral-domain OCT and standard achromatic perimetry. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:2740–2748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leite MT, Zangwill LM, Weinreb RN, et al. Structure-function relationships using the cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography and standard automated perimetry. J Glaucoma. 2012;21:49–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwerth RS, Quigley HA. Visual field defects and retinal ganglion cell losses in patients with glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:853–859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leske MC, Heijl A, Hyman L, et al. Early manifest glaucoma trial: design and baseline data. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:2144–2153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miglior S, Zeyen T, Pfeiffer N, et al. Results of the European glaucoma prevention study. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:366–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer A, Katz J, Quigley HA, et al. Clinically detectable nerve fiber atrophy precedes the onset of glaucomatous field loss. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109:77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pederson JE, Anderson DR. The mode of progressive disc cupping in ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1980;98:490–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Price LL, et al. Optical coherence tomography longitudinal evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:464–470.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hood DC, Kardon RH. A framework for comparing structural and functional measures of glaucomatous damage. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2007;26:688–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung KR, Kim S, Lee Y, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer normative classification by optical coherence tomography for prediction of future visual field loss. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:2634–2639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medeiros FA, Zangwill LM, Bowd C, et al. The structure and function relationship in glaucoma: implications for detection of progression and measurement of rates of change. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:6939–6946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuang TM, Zhang C, Zangwill LM, et al. Estimating lead time gained by optical coherence tomography in detecting glaucoma before development of visual field defects. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:2002–2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan BC, McCormick TA, Nicolela MT, et al. Optic disc and visual field changes in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with glaucoma: comparison of scanning laser tomography with conventional perimetry and optic disc photography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:1492–1499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinreb RN, Zangwill LM, Jain S, et al. Predicting the onset of glaucoma: the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy ancillary study to the ocular hypertension treatment study. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1674–1683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadi K, Bowd C, Weinreb RN, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements with scanning laser polarimetry predict glaucomatous visual field loss. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138:592–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reus NJ, Lemij HG. The relationship between standard automated perimetry and GDx VCC measurements. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:840–845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerrigan–Baumrind LA, Quigley HA, Pease ME, et al. Number of ganglion cells in glaucoma eyes compared with threshold visual field tests in the same persons. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:741–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollstein G, Kagemann L, Bilonick RA, et al. Retinal nerve fibre layer and visual function loss in glaucoma: the tipping point. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:47–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckingham BP, Inman DM, Lambert W, et al. Progressive ganglion cell degeneration precedes neuronal loss in a mouse model of glaucoma. J Neurosci. 2008;28:2735–2744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ventura LM, Porciatti V. Restoration of retinal ganglion cell function in early glaucoma after intraocular pressure reduction: a pilot study. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:20–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthauser U, Flammer J. Quantifying visual field damage caused by cataract. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;106:480–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam BL, Alward WLM, Kolder HE. Effect of cataract on automated perimetry. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:1066–1070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi K, Hayashi H, Nakao F, et al. Influence of cataract surgery on automated perimetry in patients with glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132:41–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee J, Morales E, Yu F, et al. Effect of cataract extraction on the visual field decay rate in patients with glaucoma. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132:1296–1302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao HL, Jonnadula GB, Addepalli UK, et al. Effect of cataract extraction on visual field index in glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2013;22:164–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik R, Swanson WH, Garway-Heath DF. Structure–function relationship” in glaucoma: past thinking and current concepts. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2012;40:369–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonomi L, Marchini G, Marraffa M, et al. Vascular risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma: the egna-neumarkt study. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:1287–1293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto T, Kitazawa Y. Vascular pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucoma: a possible pathogenetic factor, other than intraocular pressure, of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Prog Retin Eye Res. 1998;17:127–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leske MC, Heijl A, Hyman L, et al. Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1965–1972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grieshaber MC, Mozaffarieh M, Flammer J. What is the link between vascular dysregulation and glaucoma? Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52:144–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flammer J, Orgül S. Optic nerve blood-flow abnormalities in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 1998;17:267–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hafez AS, Bizzarro RLG, Lesk MR. Evaluation of optic nerve head and peripapillary retinal blood flow in glaucoma patients, ocular hypertensives, and normal subjects. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:1022–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokoyama Y, Aizawa N, Chiba N, et al. Significant correlations between optic nerve head microcirculation and visual field defects and nerve fiber layer loss in glaucoma patients with myopic glaucomatous disk. Clin Ophthalmol. 2011;5:1721–1727.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piltz-Seymour JR, Grunwald JE, Hariprasad SM, et al. Optic nerve blood flow is diminished in eyes of primary open-angle glaucoma suspects. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132:63–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Milner TE, Dave D, et al. Optical Doppler tomographic imaging of fluid flow velocity in highly scattering media. Opt Lett. 1997;22:64–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitgeb RA, Schmetterer L, Hitzenberger CK, et al. Real-time measurement of in vitro flow by Fourier-domain color Doppler optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 2004;29:171–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdanfar S, Rollins AM, Izatt JA. Imaging and velocimetry of the human retinal circulation with color Doppler optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 2000;25:1448–1450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdanfar S, Rollins AM, Izatt JA. In vivo imaging of human retinal flow dynamics by color doppler optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:235–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jia Y, Wei E, Wang X, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of optic disc perfusion in glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:1322–1332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia Y, Morrison JC, Tokayer J, et al. Quantitative OCT angiography of optic nerve head blood flow. Biomed Opt Express. 2012;3:3127–3137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riva CE, Geiser M, Petrig BL, et al. Ocular blood flow assessment using continuous laser Doppler flowmetry. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88:622–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiyama T, Araie M, Riva CE, et al. Use of laser speckle flowgraphy in ocular blood flow research. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88:723–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang RK, Jacques SL, Ma Z, et al. Three dimensional optical angiography. Opt Express. 2007;15:4083–4097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Jia Y, Takusagawa HL, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the peripapillary retina in glaucoma. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133:1045–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CL, Bojikian KD, Gupta D, et al. Optic nerve head perfusion in normal eyes and eyes with glaucoma using optical coherence tomography-based microangiography. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2016;6:125–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Jiang C, Ko T, et al. Correlation between optic disc perfusion and glaucomatous severity in patients with open-angle glaucoma: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;253:1557–1564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curcio CA, Allen KA. Topography of ganglion cells in human retina. J Comp Neurol. 1990;300:5–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medeiros FA, Zangwill LM, Bowd C, et al. Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer, optic nerve head, and macular thickness measurements for glaucoma detection using optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139:44–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa H, Stein DM, Wollstein G, et al. Macular segmentation with optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:2012–2017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanal S, Davey PG, Racette L, et al. Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness for discriminating primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma using optical coherence tomography. Clin Exp Optom. 2016;99:373–381. [Epub 2016 Mar 21]. DOI:10.1111/cxo.12366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood DC, Raza AS, de Moraes CGV, et al. Glaucomatous damage of the macula. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013;32:1–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwanza JC, Oakley JD, Budenz DL, et al. Macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer: automated detection and thickness reproducibility with spectral domain–optical coherence tomography in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:8323–8329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim KE, Yoo BW, Jeoung JW, et al. Long-term reproducibility of macular ganglion cell analysis in clinically stable glaucoma patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:4857–4864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takayama K, Hangai M, Durbin M, et al. A novel method to detect local ganglion cell loss in early glaucoma using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:6904–6913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z, Tatham AJ, Weinreb RN, et al. Diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer measurements in glaucoma using swept source and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0125957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwanza JC, Durbin MK, Budenz DL, et al. Glaucoma diagnostic accuracy of ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness: comparison with nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:1151–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung MS, Yoon JH, Park SW. Diagnostic validity of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness deviation map algorithm using cirrus HD-OCT in preperimetric and early glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2014;23:144–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin HY, Park HY, Jung KI, et al. Glaucoma diagnostic ability of ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness differs according to the location of visual field loss. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:93–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin HY, Park HY, Jung Y, et al. Glaucoma diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography parameters in early glaucoma with different types of optic disc damage. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:1990–1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoji T, Sato H, Ishida M, et al. Assessment of glaucomatous changes in subjects with high myopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Investig Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(2):1098. DOI:10.1167/iovs.10-5922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoji T, Nagaoka Y, Sato H, et al. Impact of high myopia on the performance of SD-OCT parameters to detect glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;250:1843–1849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seol BR, Jeoung JW, Park KH. Glaucoma detection ability of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in myopic preperimetric glaucoma. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:8306–8313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis AS, Sharpe GP, Yang H, et al. Optic disc margin anatomy in patients with glaucoma and normal controls with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:738–747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauhan BC, O’Leary N, Almobarak FA, et al. Enhanced detection of open-angle glaucoma with an anatomically accurate optical coherence tomography–derived neuroretinal rim parameter. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:535–543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis AS, O’Leary N, Yang H, et al. Influence of clinically invisible, but optical coherence tomography detected, optic disc margin anatomy on neuroretinal rim evaluation. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:1852–1860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muth DR, Hirneiß CW. Structure-function relationship between bruch’s membrane opening-based optic nerve head parameters and visual field defects in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:3320–3328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knighton RW, Huang X, Zhou Q. Microtubule contribution to the reflectance of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:189–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortune B, Wang L, Cull G, et al. Intravitreal colchicine causes decreased RNFL birefringence without altering RNFL thickness. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:255–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang XR, Kong W, Zhou Y, et al. Distortion of axonal cytoskeleton: an early sign of glaucomatous damage. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(6):2879–2888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang XR, Zhou Y, Kong W, et al. Reflectance decreases before thickness changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucomatous retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:6737–6742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwelle J, Liu S, Wang B, et al. Thickness, phase retardation, birefringence, and reflectance of the retinal nerve fiber layer in normal and glaucomatous non-human primates. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:4380–4395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Wang B, Yin B, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer reflectance for early glaucoma diagnosis. J Glaucoma. 2014;23:45–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner SK, Demirel S, Reynaud J, et al. Changes in retinal nerve fiber layer reflectance intensity as a predictor of functional progression in glaucoma. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:1221–1227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quigley HA, Hohman RM, Addicks EM, et al. Morphologic changes in the lamina cribrosa correlated with neural loss in open-angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;95:673–691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellezza AJ, Rintalan CJ, Thompson HW, et al. Deformation of the lamina cribrosa and anterior scleral canal wall in early experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:623–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sredar N, Ivers KM, Queener HM, et al. 3D modeling to characterize lamina cribrosa surface and pore geometries using in vivo images from normal and glaucomatous eyes. Biomed Opt Express. 2013;4:1153–1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadler Z, Wang B, Wollstein G, et al. Automated lamina cribrosa microstructural segmentation in optical coherence tomography scans of healthy and glaucomatous eyes. Biomed Opt Express. 2013;4:2596–2608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B, Nevins JE, Nadler Z, et al. In vivo lamina cribrosa micro-architecture in healthy and glaucomatous eyes as assessed by optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:8270–8274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivers KM, Sredar N, Patel NB, et al. In vivo changes in lamina cribrosa microarchitecture and optic nerve head structure in early experimental glaucoma. PloS One. 2015;10:e0134223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HY, Park CK. Diagnostic capability of lamina cribrosa thickness by enhanced depth imaging and factors affecting thickness in patients with glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:745–752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiumehr S, Park S, Dorairaj S, et al. In vivo evaluation of focal lamina cribrosa defects in glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130:552–559.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• You J, Park S, Su D, et al. Focal lamina cribrosa defects associated with glaucomatous rim thinning and acquired pits. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131:314–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takayama K, Hangai M, Kimura Y, et al. Three-dimensional imaging of lamina cribrosa defects in glaucoma using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:4798–4807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatham AJ, Miki A, Weinreb RN, et al. Defects of the lamina cribrosa in eyes with localized retinal nerve fiber layer loss. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:110–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faridi OS, Park SC, Kabadi R, et al. Effect of focal lamina cribrosa defect on glaucomatous visual field progression. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:1524–1530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glovinsky Y, Quigley HA, Dunkelberger GR. Retinal ganglion cell loss is size dependent in experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991;32:484–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cello KE, Nelson-Quigg JM, Johnson CA. Frequency doubling technology perimetry for detection of glaucomatous visual field loss. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129:314–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spry PGD, Hussin HM, Sparrow JM. Clinical evaluation of frequency doubling technology perimetry using the Humphrey matrix 24-2 threshold strategy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:10315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medeiros FA, Sample PA, Weinreb RN. Frequency doubling technology perimetry abnormalities as predictors of glaucomatous visual field loss. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137:863–871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan X, Wu LL, Ma ZZ, et al. Usefulness of frequency-doubling technology for perimetrically normal eyes of open-angle glaucoma patients with unilateral field loss. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1530–1537.e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Yu M, Weinreb RN, et al. Frequency-doubling technology perimetry for detection of the development of visual field defects in glaucoma suspect eyes: a prospective study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2014;132:77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeprechanon N, Giangiacomo A, Fontana H, et al. Frequency-doubling perimetry: comparison with standard automated perimetry to detect glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:263–271.e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim TW, Zangwill LM, Bowd C, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer damage as assessed by optical coherence tomography in eyes with a visual field defect detected by frequency doubling technology perimetry but not by standard automated perimetry. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1053–1057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redmond T, O’Leary N, Hutchison DM, et al. Visual field progression with frequency-doubling matrix perimetry and standard automated perimetry in patients with glaucoma and in healthy controls. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131:1565–1572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu R, Wang C, Gu Y, et al. Comparison of standard automated perimetry, short-wavelength automated perimetry, and frequency-doubling technology perimetry to monitor glaucoma progression. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e2618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamparter J, Russell RA, Schulze A, et al. Structure-function relationship between FDF, FDT, SAP, and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in glaucoma patients. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:7553–7559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn FK, Kremers J, Mardin CY, et al. Flicker-defined form perimetry in glaucoma patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;253(3):447–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn FK, Jonas JB, Korth M, et al. The full-field flicker test in early diagnosis of chronic open-angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;123:313–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reznicek L, Lamparter J, Vogel M, et al. Flicker defined form perimetry in glaucoma suspects with normal achromatic visual fields. Curr Eye Res. 2015;40:683–689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn FK, Tornow RP, Jünemann AG, et al. Perimetric measurements with flicker-defined form stimulation in comparison with conventional perimetry and retinal nerve fiber measurements. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:2317–2323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokosch V, Eter N. Correlation between early retinal nerve fiber layer loss and visual field loss determined by three different perimetric strategies: white-on-white, frequency-doubling, or flicker-defined form perimetry. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;252:1599–1606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marvasti AH, Tatham AJ, Weinreb RN, et al. Heidelberg edge perimetry for the detection of early glaucomatous damage: a case report. Case Rep Ophthalmol. 2013;4:144–150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mulak M, Szumny D, Sieja-Bujewska A, et al. Heidelberg edge perimeter employment in glaucoma diagnosis–preliminary report. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2012;21:665–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood DC, Greenstein VC. Multifocal VEP and ganglion cell damage: applications and limitations for the study of glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003;22:201–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham SL, Klistorner AI, Goldberg I. Clinical application of objective perimetry using multifocal visual evoked potentials in glaucoma practice. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:729–739.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hood DC, Thienprasiddhi P, Greenstein VC, et al. Detecting early to mild glaucomatous damage: a comparison of the multifocal VEP and automated perimetry. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:492–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortune B, Demirel S, Zhang X, et al. Comparing multifocal VEP and standard automated perimetry in high-risk ocular hypertension and early glaucoma. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:1173–1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Moraes CG, Liebmann JM, Ritch R, et al. Clinical use of multifocal visual-evoked potentials in a glaucoma practice: a prospective study. Doc Ophthalmol. 2012;125:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colotto A, Falsini B, Salgarello T, et al. Photopic negative response of the human ERG: losses associated with glaucomatous damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:2205–2211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papst N, Bopp M, Schnaudigel OE. Pattern electroretinogram and visually evoked cortical potentials in glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1984;222:29–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein GW, Arden GB, Hitchings RA, et al. The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988;106:923–928.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Donaghue E, Arden GB, O’Sullivan F, et al. The pattern electroretinogram in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992;76:387–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer N, Tillmon B, Bach M. Predictive value of the pattern electroretinogram in high-risk ocular hypertension. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34:1710–1715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayer AU, Erb C. Short wavelength automated perimetry, frequency doubling technology perimetry, and pattern electroretinography for prediction of progressive glaucomatous standard visual field defects. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1009–1017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ventura LM, Porciatti V, Ishida K, et al. Pattern electroretinogram abnormality and glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2005;122:10–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bode SF, Jehle T, Bach M. Pattern electroretinogram in glaucoma suspects: new findings from a longitudinal study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:4300–4306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viswanathan S, Frishman LJ, Robson JG, et al. The photopic negative response of the macaque electroretinogram: reduction by experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:1124–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viswanathan S, Frishman LJ, Robson JG, et al. The photopic negative response of the flash electroretinogram in primary open angle glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:514–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machida S, Gotoh Y, Toba Y, et al. Correlation between photopic negative response and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic disc topography in glaucomatous eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49:2201–2207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preiser D, Lagrèze WA, Bach M, et al. Photopic negative response versus pattern electroretinogram in early glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:1182–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar