Treat-and-extend regimens with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in age-related macular degeneration

References

• Wong TY, Chakravarthy U, Klein R, et al. The natural history and prognosis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:116–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanzetta P, Loewenstein A. Fundamental principles of an anti-VEGF treatment regimen: optimal application of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy of macular diseases. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;255:1259–1273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloch SB, Larsen M and Munch IC. Incidence of legal blindness from age-related macular degeneration in denmark: year 2000 to 2010. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:209–213.e202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantel I, Niderprim S-A, Gianniou C, et al. Reducing the clinical burden of ranibizumab treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration using an individually planned regimen. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98:1192–1196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DM, Michels M, Kaiser PK, et al. Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of the ANCHOR study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:57–65.e55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld PJ, Brown DM, Heier JS, et al. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1419–1431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regillo CD, Brown DM, Abraham P, et al. Randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled trial of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: PIER Study year 1. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145:239–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Erfurth U, Eldem B, Guymer R, et al. Efficacy and safety of monthly versus quarterly ranibizumab treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the EXCITE study. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:831–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung AE, Lalwani GA, Rosenfeld PJ, et al. An optical coherence tomography-guided, variable dosing regimen with intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:566–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busbee BG, Ho AC, Brown DM, et al. Twelve-month efficacy and safety of 0.5 mg or 2.0 mg ranibizumab in patients with subfoveal neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1046–1056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakravarthy U, Harding SP, Rogers CA, et al. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:1399–1411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin DF, Maguire MG, Ying GS, et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1897–1908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakravarthy U, Harding SP, Rogers CA, et al. Alternative treatments to inhibit VEGF in age-related choroidal neovascularisation: 2-year findings of the IVAN randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;382:1258–1267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin DF, Maguire MG, Fine SL, et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:1388–1398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantel I. Optimizing the anti-VEGF treatment strategy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: from clinical trials to real-life requirements. Transl Vis Sci Techn. 2015;4:6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauser S, Schwabecker V and Muether PS. Suppression of intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor during aflibercept treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;158:532–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantel I, Deli A, Iglesias K, et al. Prospective study evaluating the predictability of need for retreatment with intravitreal ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251:697–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaide RF. The as-needed treatment strategy for choroidal neovascularization: a feedback-based treatment system. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148:1–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Downey L, Mehta H, et al. Resource use and real-world outcomes for ranibizumab treat and extend for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the UK: interim results from TERRA. Ophthalmol Ther. 2017;6:175–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augsburger M, Sarra GM, Imesch P. Treat and extend versus pro re nata regimens of ranibizumab and aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a comparative study. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019 Sep;257(9):1889–1895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim LN, Mehta H, Barthelmes D, et al. Metaanalysis of real-world outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2016;36:1418–1431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller JA. Current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor dosing regimens: benefits and burden. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:S3–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essex RW, Nguyen V, Walton R, et al. Treatment patterns and visual outcomes during the maintenance phase of treat-and-extend therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:2393–2400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freund KB, Korobelnik J-F, Devenyi R, et al. Treat-and-extend regimens with anti-VEGF agents in retinal diseases: a literature review and consensus recommendations. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2015;35:1489–1506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh A, Lanzetta P, Lee WK, et al. Recommended guidelines for use of intravitreal aflibercept with a treat-and-extend regimen for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the asia-pacific region: report from a consensus panel. Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol. 2017;6:296–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Erfurth U, Chong V, Loewenstein A, et al. Guidelines for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration by the European society of retina specialists (EURETINA). Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98:1144–1167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg K, Pedersen TR, Sandvik L, et al. Comparison of ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration according to LUCAS treat-and-extend protocol. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:146–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg K, Hadzalic E, Gjertsen I, et al. Ranibizumab or bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration according to the lucentis compared to avastin study treat-and-extend protocol: two-year results. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:51–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeCroos FC, Reed D, Adam MK, et al. Treat-and-extend therapy using aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a prospective clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;180:142–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kertes PJ, Galic IJ, Greve M, et al. Canadian treat-and-extend analysis trial with ranibizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular disease: one-year results of the randomized canadian treat-and-extend analysis trial with ranibizumab study. Ophthalmology. 2019;126:841–848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wykoff CC, Croft DE, Brown DM, et al. Prospective trial of treat-and-extend versus monthly dosing for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: TREX-AMD 1-year results. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:2514–2522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva R, Berta A, Larsen M, et al. Treat-and-extend versus monthly regimen in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results with ranibizumab from the TREND study. Ophthalmology. 2018;125::57–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillies MC, Campain A, Walton R, et al. Time to initial clinician-reported inactivation of neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated primarily with ranibizumab. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:589–594.e581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eldem BM, Muftuoglu G, Topbaş S, et al. A randomized trial to compare the safety and efficacy of two ranibizumab dosing regimens in a Turkish cohort of patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015;93:e458–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haga A, Kawaji T, Ideta R, et al. Treat-and-extend versus every-other-month regimens with aflibercept in age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96:e393–e398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias L, Cervera E, Vilimelis JC, et al. Efficacy and safety of a treat-and-extend regimen with aflibercept in treatment-naive patients with type 3 neovascularization: a 52-week, single-arm, multicenter trial. Retina (Philadelphia, PA). 2019 Jun 11. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002582
   Google Scholar
• Shienbaum G, Gupta OP, Fecarotta C, et al. Bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration using a treat-and-extend regimen: clinical and economic impact. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:468–473.e461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mrejen S, Jung JJ, Chen C, et al. Long-term visual outcomes for a treat and extend anti-vascular endothelial growth factor regimen in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Clin Med. 2015;4:1380–1402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YN, Powell A-M, Mao A, et al. Retrospective review of lucentis “treat and extend” patterns and outcomes in age-related macular degeneration. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2016;36:272–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito A, Matsumoto H, Morimoto M, et al. Two-year outcomes of a treat-and-extend regimen using intravitreal aflibercept injections for typical age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol J Int D’ophtalmologie Int J ophthalmol Zeitschrift Fur Augenheilkunde. 2017;238:236–242.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang RY, Santos D, Oliver SCN. Rates of exudative recurrence for eyes with inactivated wet age-related macular degeneration on 12-week interval dosing with bevacizumab therapy. Retina (Philadelphia, PA). 2019 Jan 14. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002446
   Google Scholar
• Ohnaka M, Nagai Y, Sho K, et al. A modified treat-and-extend regimen of aflibercept for treatment-naive patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;255:657–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelbert M, Zweifel SA, Freund KB. Long-term follow-up for type 1 (subretinal pigment epithelium) neovascularization using a modified “treat and extend” dosing regimen of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2010;30:1368–1375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf M, Souka A, Adelman RA. Age-related macular degeneration: using morphological predictors to modify current treatment protocols. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96:120–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee AY, Lee CS, Egan CA, et al. UK AMD/DR EMR REPORT IX: comparative effectiveness of predominantly as needed (PRN) ranibizumab versus continuous aflibercept in UK clinical practice. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101:1683–1688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldstein SM, Wright J, Warburton J, et al. Predictive value of retinal morphology for visual acuity outcomes of different ranibizumab treatment regimens for neovascular AMD. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:60–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guymer RH, Markey CM, McAllister IL, et al. Tolerating subretinal fluid in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with ranibizumab using a Treat-and-extend regimen: FLUID study 24-month results. Ophthalmology. 2019;126:723–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Erfurth U, Waldstein SM. A paradigm shift in imaging biomarkers in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016;50:1–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homer N, Grewal DS, Mirza RG, et al. Transitioning to intravitreal aflibercept following a previous treat-and-extend dosing regimen in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 24-month results. Eye (Lond). 2015;29:1152–1155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toalster N. Russell M and Ng P. A 12-month prospective trial of inject and extend regimen for ranibizumab treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2013;33:1351–1358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchida A, Hu M, Babiuch A, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of choroidal neovascularization requiring varied dosing frequencies in treat-and-extend management: an analysis of the AVATAR study. PloS One. 2019;14:e0218889.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung JJ, Chen CY, Mrejen S, et al. The incidence of neovascular subtypes in newly diagnosed neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;158:769–779.e762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdin AD, Suffo S, Asi F, et al. Intravitreal ranibizumab versus aflibercept following treat and extend protocol for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019 Aug;257(8):1671–1677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg K, Roald AB, Navaratnam J, et al. An 8-year follow-up of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment with a treat-and-extend modality for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95:796–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillies MC, Hunyor AP, Arnold JJ, et al. Effect of ranibizumab and aflibercept on best-corrected visual acuity in treat-and-extend for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr 1;137(4):372–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muether PS, Hermann MM, Dröge K, et al. Long-term stability of vascular endothelial growth factor suppression time under ranibizumab treatment in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156:989–993.e982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucentis (ranibizumab). Summary of product characteristics. 2011. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/lucentis-epar-product-information_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Eylea (aflibercept). Summary of product characteristics. 2017. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/eylea-epar-product-information_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Jorstad OK, Faber RT, Moe MC. Two-year functional and anatomical results after converting treatment resistant eyes with exudative age-related macular degeneration to aflibercept in accordance with a treat and extend protocol. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95:460–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohji M, Takahashi K, Okada AA. Intravitreal aflibercept treat-and-extend dosing for wet age-related macular degeneration: week 16 fluid status and 96-week results from the ALTAIR study. EURETINA. 2019; Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Arendt P, Yu S, Munk MR, et al. Exit strategy in a treat-and-extend regimen for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2019;39:27–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traine PG, Pfister IB, Zandi S, et al. Long-term outcome of intravitreal aflibercept treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration using a “treat-and-extend” regimen. Ophthalmol Retina. 2019;3:393–399.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aurell S, Sjövall K, Paul A, et al. Better visual outcome at 1 year with antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment according to treat-and-extend compared with pro re nata in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2019;97:519–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatz K, Prunte C. Treat and extend versus pro re nata regimens of ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a comparative 12 month study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95:e67–e72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvo P, Wang Y, Ferreras A, et al. Treat and extend versus treat and observe regimens in wet age-related macular degeneration patients treated with ranibizumab: 3-year surveillance period. J Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;5:324.
   Google Scholar
• Engelbert M, Zweifel SA, Freund KB. Treat and extend” dosing of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy for type 3 neovascularization/retinal angiomatous proliferation. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2009;29:1424–1431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adrean SD, Chaili S, Ramkumar H, et al. Consistent long-term therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration managed by 50 or more anti-VEGF injections using a treat-extend-stop protocol. Ophthalmology. 2018;125:1047–1053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abedi F, Wickremasinghe S, Islam AFM, et al. Anti-VEGF treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a treat-and-extend protocol over 2 years. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2014;34:1531–1538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold JJ, Campain A, Barthelmes D, et al. Two-year outcomes of “treat and extend” intravitreal therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:1212–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayess N, Houston SKS, Gupta OP, et al. Treatment outcomes after 3 years in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using a treat-and-extend regimen. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;159:3–8.e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta OP, Shienbaum G, Patel AH, et al. A treat and extend regimen using ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration clinical and economic impact. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:2134–2140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wykoff CC, Ou WC, Croft DE, et al. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration management in the third year: final results from the TREX-AMD randomised trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102:460–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurana RN. Long-term management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: to suspend or not to suspend? Ophthalmol Retina. 2019;3:621–622.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nguyen V, Vaze A, Fraser-Bell S, et al. Outcomes of suspending VEGF inhibitors for neovascular age-related macular degeneration when lesions have been inactive for 3 months. Ophthalmol Retina. 2019;3:623–628.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adrean SD, Chaili S, Grant S, et al. Recurrence rate of choroidal neovascularization in neovascular age-related macular degeneration managed with a treat-extend-stop protocol. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2:225–230.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maguire MG, Martin DF, Ying G-S, et al. Five-year outcomes with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1751–1761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rofagha S, Bhisitkul RB, Boyer DS, et al. Seven-year outcomes in ranibizumab-treated patients in ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON: a multicenter cohort study (SEVEN-UP). Ophthalmology. 2013;120:2292–2299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin T, Dans KC, Muftuoglu IK, et al. Factors associated with extended remission in neovascular age-related macular degeneration on pro re nata treatment protocol. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019 Jul;104:58–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oubraham H, Cohen SY, Samimi S, et al. Inject and extend dosing versus dosing as needed: a comparative retrospective study of ranibizumab in exudative age-related macular degeneration. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2011;31:26–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada M, Kandasamy R, Chong EW, et al. The treat-and-extend injection regimen versus alternate dosing strategies in age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;192:184–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rufai SR, Almuhtaseb H, Paul RM, et al. A systematic review to assess the ‘treat-and-extend’ dosing regimen for neovascular age-related macular degeneration using ranibizumab. Eye (Lond). 2017;31:1337–1344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin-Yee D, Eck T, Fowler S, et al. A systematic review of as needed versus treat and extend ranibizumab or bevacizumab treatment regimens for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100:914–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wykoff CC, Ou WC, Brown DM, et al. Randomized trial of treat-and-extend versus monthly dosing for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 2-year results of the TREX-AMD study. Ophthalmol Retina. 2017;1:314–321.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ciulla TA, Hussain RM, Pollack JS, et al. Visual acuity outcomes and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy intensity in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients: a real-world analysis of 49 485 eyes. Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 May 25. pii: S2468-6530(19)30280-5. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.05.017. [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhisitkul RB, Mendes TS, Rofagha S, et al. Macular atrophy progression and 7-year vision outcomes in subjects from the ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON studies: the SEVEN-UP study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;159:915–24.e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eleftheriadou M, Vazquez-Alfageme C, Citu CM, et al. Long-term outcomes of aflibercept treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in a clinical setting. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;174:160–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grunwald JE, Daniel E, Huang J, et al. Risk of geographic atrophy in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:150–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munk MR, Ceklic L, Ebneter A, et al. Macular atrophy in patients with long-term anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;94:e757–e764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelfattah NS, Al-Sheikh M, Pitetta S, et al. Macular atrophy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration with monthly versus treat-and-extend ranibizumab: findings from the TREX-AMD trial. Ophthalmology. 2017;124:215–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li A, Rieveschl NB, Conti FF, et al. Long-term assessment of macular atrophy in patients with age-related macular degeneration receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2:550–557.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bailey C, Scott LJ, Rogers CA, et al. Intralesional macular atrophy in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for age-related macular degeneration in the IVAN trial. Ophthalmology. 2019;126:75–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunwald JE, Pistilli M, Daniel E, et al. Incidence and growth of geographic atrophy during 5 years of comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology. 2017;124:97–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunwald JE, Pistilli M, Ying G-S, et al. Growth of geographic atrophy in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:809–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto H, Morimoto M, Mimura K, et al. Treat-and-extend regimen with aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: efficacy and macular atrophy development. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2:462–468.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fan W, Abdelfattah NS, Uji A, et al. Subfoveal choroidal thickness predicts macular atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: results from the TREX-AMD trial. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018;256:511–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaide RF. Outer retinal atrophy after regression of subretinal drusenoid deposits as a newly recognized form of late age-related macular degeneration. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2013;33:1800–1808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naysan J, Jung JJ, Dansingani KK, et al. Type 2 (subretinal) neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration associated with pure reticular pseudodrusen phenotype. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2016;36:449–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu L, Mrejen S, Jung JJ, et al. Geographic atrophy in patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2015;35:176–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart MW. Predicted biologic activity of intravitreal bevacizumab. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2007;27:1196–1200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatz K, Prunte C. Intravitreal aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration with limited response to ranibizumab: a treat-and-extend trial. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2017;37:1185–1192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorell MR, Nunes RP, Chen GW, et al. Response to aflibercept after frequent re-treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab in eyes with neovascular AMD. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2014;45:526–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barthelmes D, Campain A, Nguyen P, et al. Effects of switching from ranibizumab to aflibercept in eyes with exudative age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100:1640–1645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Empeslidis T, Storey M, Giannopoulos T, et al. How successful is switching from bevacizumab or ranibizumab to aflibercept in age-related macular degeneration? A systematic overview. Adv Ther. 2019;36:1532–1548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatziralli I, Nicholson L, Vrizidou E, et al. Predictors of outcome in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration switched from ranibizumab to 8-weekly aflibercept. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1762–1770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantel I, Gianniou C, Dirani A. Conversion to aflibercept therapy versus continuing with ranibizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration dependent on monthly ranibizumab treatment. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2016;36:53–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara C, Wakabayashi T, Toyama H, et al. Characteristics of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration who are non-responders to intravitreal aflibercept. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019;103:623–629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannakaki-Zimmermann H, Ebneter A, Munk MR, et al. Outcomes when switching from a pro re nata regimen to a treat and extend regimen using Aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol J Int D’ophtalmologie Int J ophthalmol Zeitschrift Fur Augenheilkunde. 2016;236:201–206.
   Google Scholar
• Hatz K, Prunte C. Changing from a pro re nata treatment regimen to a treat and extend regimen with ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100:1341–1345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kvannli L, Krohn J. Switching from pro re nata to treat-and-extend regimen improves visual acuity in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95:678–682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurana RN, Rahimy E, Joseph WA, et al. Extended (every 12 weeks or longer) dosing interval with intravitreal aflibercept and ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: post hoc analysis of VIEW trials. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;200:161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amoaku W, Balaskas K, Cudrnak T, et al. Initiation and maintenance of a treat-and-extend regimen for ranibizumab therapy in wet age-related macular degeneration: recommendations from the UK retinal outcomes group. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:1731–1740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regillo CD, Busbee BG, Ho AC, et al. Baseline predictors of 12-month treatment response to ranibizumab in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;160:1014–1023.e1012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying GS, Huang J, Maguire MG, et al. Baseline predictors for one-year visual outcomes with ranibizumab or bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:122–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying GS, Maguire MG, Daniel E, et al. Association of baseline characteristics and early vision response with 2-year vision outcomes in the comparison of AMD treatments trials (CATT). Ophthalmology. 2015;122:2523–2531.e2521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanzetta P, Cruess AF, Cohen SY, et al. Predictors of visual outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: post hoc analysis of the VIEW studies. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96:e911–e918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rush RB, Simunovic MP, Vandiver L, et al. Treat-and-extend bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the importance of baseline characteristics. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2014;34:846–852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simader C, Ritter M, Bolz M, et al. Morphologic parameters relevant for visual outcome during anti-angiogenic therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:1237–1245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldstein SM, Simader C, Staurenghi G, et al. Morphology and visual acuity in aflibercept and ranibizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the VIEW trials. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:1521–1529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffe GJ, Ying G-S, Toth CA, et al. Macular morphology and visual acuity in year five of the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology. 2019;126:252–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DM, Tuomi L and Shapiro H. Anatomical measures as predictors of visual outcomes in ranibizumab-treated eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2013;33:23–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen V, Daien V, Guymer R, et al. Projection of long-term visual acuity outcomes based on initial treatment response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2019;126:64–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chae B, Jung JJ, Mrejen S, et al. Baseline predictors for good versus poor visual outcomes in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:5040–5047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holz FG, Tadayoni R, Beatty S, et al. Key drivers of visual acuity gains in neovascular age-related macular degeneration in real life: findings from the AURA study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100:1623–1628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang L, Gianniou C, Ambresin A, et al. Refractory subretinal fluid in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal ranibizumab: visual acuity outcome. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;253:1211–1216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickremasinghe SS, Janakan V, Sandhu SS, et al. Implication of recurrent or retained fluid on optical coherence tomography for visual acuity during active treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with a treat and extend protocol. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2016;36:1331–1339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houston SK 3rd, Rayess N, Cohen MN, et al. Influence of vitreomacular interface on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy using treat and extend treatment protocol for age-related macular degeneration (vintrex). Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2015;35:1757–1764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munk MR, Arendt P, Yu S, et al. The impact of the vitreomacular interface in neovascular age-related macular degeneration in a treat-and-extend regimen with exit strategy. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2:288–294.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karaca EE, Kepez Yldz B, Çubuk MÖ, et al. Epiretinal membranes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: effect on outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2015;35:1540–1546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi H, Nomura Y, Tan X, et al. Effects of posterior vitreous detachment on aqueous humour levels of VEGF and inflammatory cytokines. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015;99:1065–1069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurmann T, Yu S, Márquez-Neila P, et al. Expert-level automated biomarker identification in optical coherence tomography scans. Sci Rep. 2019;9:13605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugel PU, Jaffe GJ, Sallstig P, et al. Brolucizumab versus aflibercept in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2017;124:1296–1304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugel PU, Koh A, Ogura Y, et al. HAWK and HARRIER: phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-masked trials of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(12):e95–e96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanani AM. Simultaneous inhibition of VEGF and Ang-2 with faricimab in neovascular AMD: STAIRWAY phase 2 results. 2018 American Academy of Ophthalmologists (AAO) Annual Meeting; 2018 Oct 26; Chicago, United States.
   Google Scholar
• Campochiaro PA, Marcus DM, Awh CC, et al. The port delivery system with ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results from the Randomized phase 2 ladder clinical trial. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(8):1141–1154.
   Google Scholar