Facial attractiveness biases the perception of eye contact

REFERENCES

• Adams , R. B. and Kleck , R. E. 2003 . Perceived gaze direction and the processing of facial displays of emotion . Psychological Science , 14 : 644 – 647 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, R., & Kleck, R. (2005). Effects of direct and averted gaze on the perception of facially communicated emotion. Emotion, 5, 3–11.
   Google Scholar
• Aharon , I. , Etcoff , N. , Ariely , D. , Chabris , C. F. , O'Connor , E. and Breiter , H. 2001 . Beautiful faces have variable reward value: fMRI and behavioral evidence . Neuron , 32 : 537 – 551 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindemann , M. , Burton , A. M. and Langton , S. R. H. 2008 . How do eye gaze and facial expression interact? . Visual Cognition , 16 : 708 – 733 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce , V. and Young , A. 1986 . Understanding face recognition . British Journal of Psychology , 77 : 305 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey , S. J. , Mernagh , M. and Newell , F. N. 2009 . Are attractive facial characteristics peculiar to the sex of a face? . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 62 : 833 – 843 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBruine , L. M. , Jones , B. C. , Unger , L. , Little , A. C. and Feinberg , D. R. 2007 . Dissociating averageness and attractiveness: Attractive faces are not always average . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 33 : 1420 – 1430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery , N. J. 2000 . The eyes have it: The neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze . Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews , 24 : 581 – 604 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewbank , M. P. , Jennings , C. and Calder , A. J. 2009 . Why are you angry with me? Facial expressions of threat influence perception of gaze direction . Journal of Vision , 9 : 1 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewing , L. , Rhodes , G. and Pellicano , E. 2010 . Have you got the look? Gaze direction affects judgements of facial attractiveness . Visual Cognition , 18 : 321 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haber , S. N. and Knutson , B. 2010 . The reward circuit: Linking primate anatomy and human imaging . Neuropsychopharmacology , 35 : 4 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins , R. , Beaver , J. D. and Calder , A. J. 2006 . I thought you were looking at me—Direction-specific aftereffects in gaze perception . Psychological Science , 17 : 506 – 513 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , B. C. , DeBruine , L. M. , Little , A. C. , Conway , C. A. and Feinberg , D. R. 2006 . Integrating gaze direction and expression in preferences for attractive faces . Psychological Science , 17 : 588 – 591 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampe , K. K. W. , Frith , C. D. , Dolan , R. J. and Frith , U. 2001 . Reward value of attractiveness and gaze—Making eye contact enhances the appeal of a pleasing face, irrespective of gender . Nature , 413 : 589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawashima , R. , Sugiura , M. , Kato , T. , Nakamura , A. , Hatano , K. Ito , K. 1999 . The human amygdala plays an important role in gaze monitoring—A PET study . Brain , 122 : 779 – 783 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloth , N. and Schweinberger , S. R. 2008 . The temporal decay of eye gaze adaptation effects . Journal of Vision , 8 ( 11 ) : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kloth , N. , Schweinberger , S. R. and Kovács , G. 2010 . Neural correlates of generic versus gender-specific face adaptation . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 22 : 2345 – 2356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langlois , J. H. and Roggman , L. A. 1990 . Attractive faces are only average . Psychological Science , 1 : 115 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langton , S. R. H. , Watt , R. J. and Bruce , V. 2000 . Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 4 : 50 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobmaier , J. S. , Tiddeman , B. P. and Perrett , D. I. 2008 . Emotional expression modulates perceived gaze direction . Emotion , 8 : 573 – 577 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main , J. C. , Jones , B. C. , DeBruine , L. M. and Little , A. C. 2009 . Integrating gaze direction and sexual dimorphism of face shape when perceiving the dominance of others . Perception , 38 : 1275 – 1283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minear , M. and Park , D. C. 2004 . A lifespan database of adult facial stimuli . Behavior Research Methods: Instruments & Computers , 36 : 630 – 633 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nummenmaa , L. and Calder , A. J. 2009 . Neural mechanisms of social attention . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 13 : 135 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Doherty , J. O. , Winston , J. , Critchley , H. , Perrett , D. , Burt , D. M. and Dolan , R. J. 2003 . Beauty in a smile: The role of medial orbitofrontal cortex in facial attractiveness . Neuropsychologia , 41 : 147 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penton-Voak , I. S. , Perrett , D. I. , Castles , D. L. , Kobayashi , T. , Burt , D. M. Murray , L. K. 1999 . Menstrual cycle alters face preference . Nature , 399 : 741 – 742 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrett , D. I. , Lee , K. J. , Penton-Voak , I. , Rowland , D. , Yoshikawa , S. Burt , D. M. 1998 . Effects of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness . Nature , 394 : 884 – 887 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes , G. , Jeffery , L. , Watson , T. L. , Clifford , C. W.G. and Nakayama , K. 2003 . Fitting the mind to the world: Face adaptation and attractiveness aftereffects . Psychological Science , 14 : 558 – 566 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes , G. , Louw , K. and Evangelista , E. 2009 . Perceptual adaptation to facial asymmetries . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 16 : 503 – 508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar