On the joint effects of repetition and stimulus quality in lexical decision: Looking to the past for a new way forward

REFERENCES

• Ashby , F. G. 1982 . Deriving exact predictions from the cascade model . Psychological Review , 89 : 599 – 607 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besner , D. , Moroz , S. and O'Malley , S. 2011 . On the strength of connections between localist mental representations as a source of frequency/familiarity effects . Psychological Science , 22 ( 3 ) : 393 – 398 .
   Google Scholar
• Besner , D. , O'Malley , S. and Robidoux , S. 2010 . On the joint effect of stimulus quality, regularity, and lexicality when reading aloud: New challenges . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 36 : 750 – 764 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besner , D. and Roberts , M. A. 2003 . Reading nonwords aloud: Results requiring change in the dual route cascaded model . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 10 : 398 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besner , D. and Smith , M. C. 1992 . Models of visual word recognition: When obscuring the stimulus yields a clearer view . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition , 18 : 468 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besner , D. and Swan , M. 1982 . Models of lexical access in visual word recognition . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 34A ( 2 ) : 313 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Besner , D. , Wartek , S. and Robidoux , S. 2008 . Constraints on computational models of basic processes in reading . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 34 : 242 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blais , C. and Besner , D. 2007 . Reading aloud: When the effect of stimulus quality distinguishes between cascaded and thresholded components . Experimental Psychology , 54 : 215 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borowsky , R. and Besner , D. 1993 . Visual word recognition: A multistage activation model . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 19 : 813 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowers , J. S. , Damian , M. and Havelka , J. 2002 . Can distributed orthographic knowledge support word specific long-term priming? Apparently so . Journal of Memory and Language , 46 : 24 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coltheart, M. (2004). Are there lexicons? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57A, 1153?1171.
   Google Scholar
• Coltheart , M. , Rastle , K. , Perry , C. , Langdon , R. and Ziegler , J. 2001 . DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud . Psychological Review , 108 ( 1 ) : 204 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• den Heyer , K. and Benson , K. 1988 . Constraints on the additive relationship between semantic priming and word repetition and on the interactive relationship between semantic priming and stimulus clarity . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 42 : 399 – 413 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster, K. I. F., & Chambers, S. M. (1973). Lexical access and naming time. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 12, 627?635.
   Google Scholar
• Logan , G. D. 1988 . Towards an instance theory of automatization . Psychological Review , 95 ( 4 ) : 492 – 527 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maloney , E. , Risko , E. F. , O'Malley , S. and Besner , D. 2009 . Tracking the transition from sublexical to lexical processing: On the creation of orthographic and phonological lexical representations . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 62 : 858 – 867 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann , R. S. and Besner , D. 1987 . Reading pseudohomophones: Implications for models of pronunciation assembly and the locus of word frequency effects in naming . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 13 : 14 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland , J. L. 1979 . On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade . Psychological Review , 86 ( 4 ) : 287 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375–407.
   Google Scholar
• McKone , E. 1995 . Short-term implicit memory for words and nonwords . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 21 , : 1108 – 1126 .
   Google Scholar
• Monsell , S. 1991 . “ The nature and locus of word frequency effects in reading ” . In Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition , Edited by: Besner , D. and Humphreys , G. W. 148 – 197 . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , C. D. , Bransford , J. D. and Franks , J. J. 1977 . Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing . Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior , 16 ( 5 ) : 519 – 533 .
   Google Scholar
• Morton , J. 1969 . Interaction of information in word recognition . Psychological Review , 76 ( 2 ) : 165 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris , D. 1984 . The effects of frequency, repetition and stimulus quality in visual word recognition . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 36A ( 3 ) : 507 – 518 .
   Google Scholar
• O'Malley , S. and Besner , D. 2008 . Reading aloud: Qualitative differences in the relation between word frequency and stimulus quality as a function of context . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition , 34 : 1400 – 1411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , K. and Plaut , D. C. 2009 . “Shallow draughts intoxicate the brain”: Lessons from cognitive science for cognitive neuropsychology . Topics in Cognitive Science , 1 : 39 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry , C. , Ziegler , J. C. and Zorzi , M. 2007 . Nested incremental modeling in the development of computational theories: The CDP+ model of reading aloud . Psychological Review , 114 : 273 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raaijmakers , J. G. W. 2003 . A further look at the “that language-as-a-fixed-effect fallacy” . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 57 : 141 – 151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raaijmakers , J. G. W. , Schrijnemakers , J. M. C. and Gremmen , F. 1999 . How to deal with “The language-as-a-fixed-effect fallacy”: Common misconceptions and alternative solutions . Journal of Memory and Language , 41 : 416 – 426 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds , M. and Besner , D. 2004 . Neighbourhood density, word frequency and spelling–sound regularity effects in naming: Similarities and differences between skilled readers and the dual route cascaded computational model . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 58 : 13 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, S., & Sternberg, S. (1993). The meaning of additive reaction-time effects: Tests of three alternatives. In D. E. Meyer & S. Kornblum (Eds.), Attention and performance: Vol. XIV. Synergies in experimental psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive neuroscience (pp. 611–653). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rueckl , J. G. 2003 . “ A connectionist perspective on repetition priming ” . In Rethinking implicit memory , Edited by: Bowers , J. S. and Marsolek , C. S. 67 – 104 . Oxford , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scarborough , D. L. , Cortese , C. and Scarborough , H. S. 1977 . Frequency and repetition effects in lexical memory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 3 ( 1 ) : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanners , R. F. , Jastrzembski , J. E. and Westbrook , A. 1975 . Frequency and visual quality in a word–nonword classification task . Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior , 14 : 259 – 264 .
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg, S. (1969). The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of Donders' method. In W. G. Koster (Ed.), Attention and performance II. Acta Psychologica, 30, 276?315.
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg , S. 1998 . “ Discovering mental processing stages: The method of additive factors ” . In Invitation to cognitive science: Vol. 4. Methods, models, and conceptual issues , Edited by: Scarborough , D. and Sternberg , S. 703 – 863 . Cambridge , MA : The MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Visser , T. A. W. and Besner , D. 2001 . On the dominance of whole-word knowledge in reading aloud . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 8 : 560 – 567 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagenmakers , E. M. , Zeelenberg , R. , Steyvers , M. , Shiffrin , R. M. and Raaijmakers , J. G. W. 2004 . Nonword repetition in lexical decision: Support for two opposing processes . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 57A : 1191 – 1210 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap , M. J. , Balota , D. A. , Tse , C. S. and Besner , D. 2008 . On the additive effects of stimulus quality and word frequency in lexical decision: Evidence for opposing interactive influences revealed by RT distributional analyses . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 34 : 495 – 513 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeelenberg , R. , Wagenmakers , E. M. and Shiffrin , R. M. 2004 . Nonword repetition priming in lexical decision reverses as a function of study task and speed stress . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 30 : 270 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar