Masked suffix priming and morpheme positional constraints

REFERENCES

• Adelman, J. S., Brown, G. D. A., & Quesada, J. F. (2006). Contextual diversity, not word frequency, determines word naming and lexical decision times. Psychological Science, 17, 814–823. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01787.x
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, S., & Lo, S. (2013). Is morphological priming stronger for transparent than opaque words? It depends on individual differences in spelling and vocabulary. Journal of Memory and Language, 68, 279–296. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2012.12.001
   Google Scholar
• Baayen, R. H., Dijkstra, T., & Schreuder, R. (1997). Singulars and plurals in Dutch: Evidence for a parallel dual-route model. Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 94–117. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1997.2509
   Google Scholar
• Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2013). R package lme4. Freely available at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Beyersmann, E., Casalis, S., Ziegler, J. C., & Grainger, J. (2014). Language proficiency and morpho–orthographic segmentation. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 26, 558–599.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley, D. C. (1979). Lexical representation of derivational relation. In M. Aronoff & M. L. Kean (Eds.), Juncture (pp. 37–55). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Caramazza, A., Laudanna, A., & Romani, C. (1988). Lexical access and inflectional morphology. Cognition, 28, 297–332. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(88)90017-0
   Google Scholar
• Chateau, D., Knudsen, E. V., & Jared, D. (2002). Masked priming of prefixes and the influence of spelling-meaning consistency. Brain and Language, 81, 587–600. doi: 10.1006/brln.2001.2549
   Google Scholar
• Coltheart, M., Davelaar, E., Jonasson, J. T., & Besner, D. (1977). Access to the internal lexicon. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance VI (pp. 535–555). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Crepaldi, D., Rastle, K., Coltheart, M., & Nickels, L. (2010). ‘Fell’ primes ‘fall’, but does ‘bell’ primes ‘ball’? Masked priming with irregularly-inflected primes. Journal of Memory and Language, 63, 83–99. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2010.03.002
   Google Scholar
• Crepaldi, D., Rastle, K., & Davis, C. J. (2010). Morphemes in their place: Evidence for position specific identification of suffixes. Memory and Cognition, 38, 312–321. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.3.312
   Google Scholar
• Crepaldi, D., Rastle, K., Davis, C. J., & Lupker, S. (2013). Seeing stems everywhere: Position-independent identification of stem morphemes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39, 510–525.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, C. J. (1999). The self-organising lexical acquisition and recognition (SOLAR) model of visual word recognition. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of New South Wales.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, C. J. (2005). N-Watch: A program for deriving neighborhood size and other psycholinguistic statistics. Behavior Research Methods, 37, 65–70. doi: 10.3758/BF03206399
   Google Scholar
• Davis, C. J. (2006). Match Calculator (version 1.9) [software]. Retrieved from http://www.pc.rhul.ac.uk/staff/c.davis/Utilities/MatchCalc/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Davis, C. J. (2010). The spatial coding model of visual word identification. Psychological Review, 177, 713–758. doi: 10.1037/a0019738
   Google Scholar
• Davis, C. J., & Bowers, J. S. (2006). Contrasting five different theories of letter position coding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 32, 535–557.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, C. J., & Lupker, S. J. (2006). Masked inhibitory priming in English: Evidence for lexical inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 668–687.
   Google Scholar
• Dominguez, A., Alija, M., Rodriguez-Ferreiro, J., & Cuetos, F. (2010). The contribution of prefixes to morphological processing of Spanish words. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 22, 569–595. doi: 10.1080/09541440903007792
   Google Scholar
• Drews, E., & Zwitserlood, P. (1995). Morphological and orthographic similarity in visual word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1098–1116.
   Google Scholar
• Dufau, S., Grainger, J., & Ziegler, J. C. (2012). How to say “No” to a Nonword: A leaky competing accumulator model of lexical decision. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 1117–1128.
   Google Scholar
• Duñabeitia, J. A., Laka, I., Perea, M., & Carreiras, M. (2009). Is Milkman a superhero like Batman? Constituent morphological priming in compound words. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 21, 615–640. doi: 10.1080/09541440802079835
   Google Scholar
• Duñabeitia, J. A., Perea, M., & Carreiras, M. (2008). Does darkness lead to happiness? Masked suffix priming effects. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, 1002–1020. doi: 10.1080/01690960802164242
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, L. B. (2000). Are morphological effects distinguishable from the effects of shared meaning and shared form? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 26, 1431–1444.
   Google Scholar
• Forster, K. I., & Davis, C. (1984). Repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical access. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 680–698.
   Google Scholar
• Forster, K. I., & Forster, J. C. (2003). DMDX: A windows display program with millisecond accuracy. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 35, 116–124. doi: 10.3758/BF03195503
   Google Scholar
• Frost, R., Forster, K. I., & Deutsch, A. (1997). What can we learn from the morphology of Hebrew? A masked-priming investigation of morphological representation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 829–856.
   Google Scholar
• Giraudo, H., & Grainger, J. (2003). On the role of derivational affixes in recognizing complex words: Evidence from masked affix priming. In R. H. Baayen & R. Schreuder (Eds.), Morphological structure in language processing (pp. 209–232). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
   Google Scholar
• Gobet, F., Lane, P. C. R., Croker, S., Cheng, P. C.-H., Jones, G., Oliver, I., & Pine, J. M. (2001). Chunking mechanisms in human learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 236–243. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01662-4
   Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., Colé, P., & Segui, J. (1991). Masked morphological priming in visual word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 370–384. doi: 10.1016/0749-596X(91)90042-I
   Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., & Jacobs, A. M. (1996). Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model. Psychological Review, 103, 518–565. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.518
   Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., & Whitney, C. (2004). Does the huamn mind raed wrods as a wlohe? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 58–59. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.006
   Google Scholar
• Grainger, J., & Ziegler, J. C. (2011). A dual-route approach to orthographic processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00054
   Google Scholar
• Jaeger, F. T. (2008). Categorical data analysis: Away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. Journal of Memory and Language, 59, 434–446. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.007
   Google Scholar
• Kazanina, N. (2011). De-composition of pre-fixed words in Russian. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37, 1371–1390.
   Google Scholar
• Kiparsky, P. (1982). Word-formation and the Lexicon. In F. Ingemann (Ed.), Proceedings of the Mid-America linguistics conference (pp. 3–29). Kansas: Lawrence, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Longtin, C. M., Segui, J., & Allé, P. A. (2003). Morphological priming without morphological relationship. Language and Cognitive Processes, 18, 313–334. doi: 10.1080/01690960244000036
   Google Scholar
• Marslen-Wilson, W., Komisarjevsky Tyler, L., Waksler, R., & Older, L. (1994). Morphology and meaning in the English mental lexicon. Psychological Review, 101, 3–33. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.101.1.3
   Google Scholar
• Masson, M. E. J. (2011). A tutorial on a practical Bayesian alternative to null-hypothesis significance testing. Behavior Research Methods, 43, 679–690. doi: 10.3758/s13428-010-0049-5
   Google Scholar
• Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81–97. doi: 10.1037/h0043158
   Google Scholar
• New, B., Brysbaert, M., Segui, J., Ferrand, L., & Rastle, K. (2004). The processing of singular and plural nouns in French and English. Journal of Memory and Language, 51, 568–585. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2004.06.010
   Google Scholar
• Norris, D. (2006). The Bayesian reader: Explaining word recognition as an optimal Bayesian decision process. Psychological Review, 113, 327–357. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.113.2.327
   Google Scholar
• Raftery, A. E. (1999). Bayes factors and BIC: Comment on “A critique of the Bayesian information criterion for model selection”. Sociological Methods and Research, 27, 411–427. doi: 10.1177/0049124199027003005
   Google Scholar
• Rastle, K., & Davis, M. H. (2003). Reading morphologically complex words. In S. Kinoshita & S. J. Lupker (Eds.), Masked priming: The state of the art (pp. 279–305). New York: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rastle, K., & Davis, M. H. (2008). Morphological decomposition based on the analysis of orthography. Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, 942–971. doi: 10.1080/01690960802069730
   Google Scholar
• Rastle, K., Davis, M. H., Marslen-Wilson, W. D., & Tyler, L. K. (2000). Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: A time course study. Language and Cognitive Processes, 15, 507–537. doi: 10.1080/01690960050119689
   Google Scholar
• Rastle, K., Davis, M. H., & New, B. (2004). The broth in my brother's brothel: Morpho-orthographic segmentation in visual word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 1090–1098. doi: 10.3758/BF03196742
   Google Scholar
• Rastle, K., Harrington, J., & Coltheart, M. (2002). 358,534 nonwords: The ARC nonword database. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 1339–1362. doi: 10.1080/02724980244000099
   Google Scholar
• Ratcliff, R., Gomez, P., & McKoon, G. (2004). A diffusion model account of the lexical decision task. Psychological Review, 111, 159–182. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.159
   Google Scholar
• Raveh, M. (2002). The contribution of frequency and semantic similarity to morphological processing. Brain and Language, 81, 312–325. doi: 10.1006/brln.2001.2527
   Google Scholar
• Segui, J., & Grainger, J. (1990). Priming word recognition with orthographic neighbors: Effects of relative prime-target frequency. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 65–76.
   Google Scholar
• Shoolman, N., & Andrews, S. (2003). Racehorses, reindeers and sparrows: Using masked priming to investigate morphological influences on word identification. In S. Kinoshita & S. Lupker (Eds.), Masked priming: The state of the art (pp. 241–278). New York: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, H. A. (1974). How big is a chunk?: By combining data from several experiments, a basic human memory unit can be identified and measured. Science, 183, 482–488. doi: 10.1126/science.183.4124.482
   Google Scholar
• Stanners, R. F., Neiser, J. J., Hernon, W. P., & Hall, R. (1979). Memory representation for morphologically related words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 392–412.
   Google Scholar
• Taft, M. (1985). The decoding of words in lexical access: A review of the morphographic approach. In D. Besner, T. G. Waller, & G. E. MacKinnon (Eds.), Reading research: Advances in theory and practice (pp. 83–126). New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taft, M. (1994). Interactive-activation as a framework for understanding morphological processing. Language and Cognitive Processes, 9, 271–294. doi: 10.1080/01690969408402120
   Google Scholar
• Taft, M., & Forster, K. I. (1975). Lexical storage and retrieval of prefixed words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 638–647. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5371(75)80051-X
   Google Scholar
• Taft, M., & Forster, K. I. (1976). Lexical storage and retrieval of polymorphemic and polysyllabic words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 15, 607–620. doi: 10.1016/0022-5371(76)90054-2
   Google Scholar
• Taft, M., & Nguyen-Hoan M. (2010). A sticky stick? The locus of morphological representation in the lexicon. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25, 277–296. doi: 10.1080/01690960903043261
   Google Scholar
• Ulrich, R., & Miller, J. (1994). Effects of truncation on reaction time analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123, 34–80. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.123.1.34
   Google Scholar
• Van Heuven, W. J. B., Mandera, P., Keuleers, E., & Brysbaert, M. (2014). Subtlex–UK: A new and improved word frequency database for British English. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67, 1176–1190. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2013.850521
   Google Scholar
• Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2007). A practical solution to the pervasive problems of p values. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14, 779–804. doi: 10.3758/BF03194105
   Google Scholar