Individual differences in working memory capacity and resistance to belief bias in syllogistic reasoning

References

• Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. B. G. (1996). Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: The life and times of individuals varying in need for cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 197–253. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.197
   Google Scholar
• Conway, A. R. A., Cowan, N., Bunting, M. F., Therriault, D. J., & Minkoff, S. R. B. (2002). A latent variable analysis of working memory capacity, short-term memory capacity, processing speed, and general fluid intelligence. Intelligence, 30, 163–183. doi: 10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00096-4
   Google Scholar
• Copeland, D. E., & Radvansky, G. A. (2004). Working memory and syllogistic reasoning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57A, 1437–1457. doi: 10.1080/02724980343000846
   Google Scholar
• De Neys, W. (2006). Dual processing in reasoning: Two systems but one reasoner. Psychological Science, 17, 428–433. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01723.x
   Google Scholar
• De Neys, W., Schaeken, W., & D’Ydewalle, G. (2005). Working memory and everyday conditional reasoning: Retrieval and inhibition of stored counterexamples. Thinking and Reasoning, 11, 349–381. doi: 10.1080/13546780442000222
   Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W., & Kane, M. J. (2004). Executive attention, working memory capacity, and a two-factor theory of cognitive control. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 44, pp. 145–199). New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W., Tuholski, S. W., Laughlin, J. E., & Conway, A. R. A. (1999). Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 309–331. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.309
   Google Scholar
• Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19, 25–42. doi: 10.1257/089533005775196732
   Google Scholar
• Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2010). Mental models and human reasoning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 18423–18250.
   Google Scholar
• Kahneman, D. (2000). A psychological point of view: Violations of rational rules as a diagnostic of mental processes [Commentary on Stanovich and West]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 681–683. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00403432
   Google Scholar
• Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Kane, M. J., Hambrick, D. Z., Tuholski, S. W., Wilhelm, O., Payne, T. W., & Engle, R. W. (2004). The domain generality of working memory capacity: A latent-variable approach to verbal and spatial memory span and reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 189–217. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.189
   Google Scholar
• Markovits, H., Doyon, C., & Simoneau, M. (2002). Individual differences in working memory and conditional reasoning with concrete and abstract content. Thinking and Reasoning, 8, 97–107. doi: 10.1080/13546780143000143
   Google Scholar
• Meier, M. E., & Kane, M. J. (2015). Carving executive control at its joints: Working memory capacity predicts stimulus-stimulus, but not stimulus-response, conflict. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 41, 1849–1872.
   Google Scholar
• Quayle, J. D., & Ball, L. J. (2000). Working memory, metacognitive uncertainty, and belief bias in syllogistic reasoning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53A, 1202–1223. doi: 10.1080/713755945
   Google Scholar
• Raven, J. C., Raven, J. E., & Court, J. H. (1998). Progressive matrices. Oxford, England: Oxford Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rucker, D. D., McShane, B. B., & Preacher, K. J. (2015). A researcher’s guide to regression, discretization, and median splits of continuous variables. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 25, 666–678. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2015.04.004
   Google Scholar
• Sá, W. C., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. (1999). The domain specificity and generality of belief bias: Searching for a generalizable critical thinking skill. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 497–510. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.91.3.497
   Google Scholar
• Stanovich, K. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Stanovich, K., & West, R. F. (1997). Reasoning independently of prior belief and individual differences in actively open-minded thinking. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 342–357. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.89.2.342
   Google Scholar
• Stanovich, K., & West, R. F. (1998). Individual differences in rational thought. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 161–188. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.127.2.161
   Google Scholar
• Stanovich, K., & West, R. F. (2008). On the relative independence of thinking biases and cognitive ability. Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 94, 672–695.
   Google Scholar
• Thurstone, T. G. (1962). Primary mental abilities. Chicago: Science Research Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2011). The cognitive reflection test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. Memory & Cognition, 39, 1275–1289. doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0104-1
   Google Scholar
• Unsworth, N. (2014). Working memory capacity and reasoning. In A. Feeney, & V. Thompson (Eds.), Reasoning as memory (pp. 9–33). London: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Unsworth, N., Fukuda, K., Awh, E., & Vogel, E. K. (2014). Working memory and fluid intelligence: Capacity, attention control, and secondary memory retrieval. Cognitive Psychology, 71, 1–26. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2014.01.003
   Google Scholar
• Unsworth, N., Redick, T. S., Heitz, R. P., Broadway, J., & Engle, R. W. (2009). Complex working memory span tasks and higher-order cognition: A latent variable analysis of the relationship between processing and storage. Memory, 17, 635–654. doi: 10.1080/09658210902998047
   Google Scholar
• Unsworth, N., Redick, T. S., Spillers, G. J., & Brewer, G. A. (2012). Variation in working memory capacity and cognitive control: Goal maintenance and micro-adjustments of control. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65, 326–355. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2011.597865
   Google Scholar