Neuroanatomical correlates of individual differences in social anxiety in a non-clinical population

References

• Adolphs, R. (2010). What does the amygdala contribute to social cognition? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1191(1), 42–61. doi:10.1111/nyas.2010.1191.issue-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen, S. L., & Teicher, M. H. (2008). Stress, sensitive periods and maturational events in adolescent depression. Trends in Neurosciences 31(4), 183–191. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. C., Ochsner, K. N., Kuhl, B., Cooper, J., Robertson, E., Gabrieli, S. W., & John, D. E. G. (2004). Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories. Science, 303(5655), 232–235. doi:10.1126/science.1089504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009). Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 410–422. doi:10.1038/nrn2648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atmaca, M. (2013). What about the neuroimaging findings in social anxiety disorder? Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials, 8(2), 124–127. doi:10.2174/15748871113086660050
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baddeley, A. (1996). Exploring the central executive. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 49(1), 5–28. doi:10.1080/713755608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahi, A. (2013). Increased anxiety, voluntary alcohol consumption and ethanol-induced place preference in mice following chronic psychosocial stress. Stress, 16(4), 441–451. doi:10.3109/10253890.2012.754419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banissy, M. J., Kanai, R., Walsh, V., & Rees, G. (2012). Inter-individual differences in empathy are reflected in human brain structure. Neuroimage, 62(3), 2034–2039. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbas, H., Saha, S., Rempel-Clower, N., & Ghashghaei, T. (2003). Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas may influence emotional expression. BMC Neuroscience, 4(1), 25. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-4-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baur, V., Hänggi, J., & Jäncke, L. (2012). Volumetric associations between uncinate fasciculus, amygdala, and trait anxiety. BMC Neuroscience, 13(1), 4. doi:10.1186/1471-2202-13-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter, M. G., & Croxson, P. L. (2012). Facing the role of the amygdala in emotional information processing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(52), 21180–21181. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219167110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoit, R. G., & Anderson, M. C. (2012). Opposing mechanisms support the voluntary forgetting of unwanted memories. Neuron, 76(2), 450–460. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.07.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bienvenu, O. J., Hettema, J., Neale, M., Prescott, C., & Kendler, K. (2007). Low extraversion and high neuroticism as indices of genetic and environmental risk for social phobia, agoraphobia, and animal phobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(11), 1714–1721. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06101667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bienvenu, O. J., Samuels, J. F., Costa, P. T., Reti, I. M., Eaton, W. W., & Nestadt, G. (2004). Anxiety and depressive disorders and the five-factor model of personality: A higher‐and lower‐order personality trait investigation in a community sample. Depression and Anxiety, 20(2), 92–97. doi:10.1002/da.20026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackmon, K., Barr, W. B., Carlson, C., Devinsky, O., Dubois, J., Pogash, D., & Thesen, T. (2011). Structural evidence for involvement of a left amygdala-orbitofrontal network in subclinical anxiety. Psychiatry Research, 194(3), 296–303. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.05.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bögels, S. M., Alden, L., Beidel, D. C., Clark, L. A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., & Voncken, M. (2010). Social anxiety disorder: Questions and answers for the DSM‐V. Depression and Anxiety, 27(2), 168–189. doi:10.1002/da.20670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonetti, L., Campbell, M. A., & Gilmore, L. (2010). The relationship of loneliness and social anxiety with children’s and adolescents’ online communication. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(3), 279–285. doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridgett, D. J., Oddi, K. B., Laake, L. M., Murdock, K. W., & Bachmann, M. N. (2013). Integrating and differentiating aspects of self-regulation: Effortful control, executive functioning, and links to negative affectivity. Emotion, 13(1), 47. doi:10.1037/a0029536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckner, J. D., Maner, J. K., & Schmidt, N. B. (2010). Difficulty disengaging attention from social threat in social anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(1), 99–105. doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9205-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Hankin, B. (2014). A longitudinal test of the vulnerability-stress model with early maladaptive schemas for depressive and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 37(1), 85–99. doi:10.1007/s10862-014-9438-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 203–216. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comer, J. S., Blanco, C., Hasin, D. S., Liu, S.-M., Grant, B. F., Turner, J. B., & Olfson, M. (2011). Health-related quality of life across the anxiety disorders. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(1), 43. doi:10.4088/JCP.09m05094blu
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Neo PI-R professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological assessment resources.
   Google Scholar
• Cratty, M. S., Ward, H. E., Johnson, E. A., Azzaro, A. J., & Birkle, D. L. (1995). Prenatal stress increases corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) content and release in rat amygdala minces. Brain Research 675(1), 297–302. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00087-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale, A. M., Fischl, B., & Sereno, M. I. (1999). Cortical surface-based analysis: I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction. Neuroimage, 9(2), 179–194. doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, M. (1992). The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 15(1), 353–375. doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.002033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, M., & Whalen, P. J. (2001). The amygdala: Vigilance and emotion. Molecular Psychiatry, 6(1), 13–34. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Kwaasteniet, B., Ruhe, E., Caan, M., Rive, M., Olabarriaga, S., Groefsema, M., & Denys, D. (2013). Relation between structural and functional connectivity in major depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 74(1), 40–47. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.12.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desikan, R. S., Ségonne, F., Fischl, B., Quinn, B. T., Dickerson, B. C., Blacker, D., & Hyman, B. T. (2006). An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest. Neuroimage, 31(3), 968–980. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eippert, F., Veit, R., Weiskopf, N., Erb, M., Birbaumer, N., & Anders, S. (2007). Regulation of emotional responses elicited by threat‐related stimuli. Human Brain Mapping, 28(5), 409–423. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck, M. W., & Derakshan, N. (2011). New perspectives in attentional control theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 955–960. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischl, B., Salat, D. H., Busa, E., Albert, M., Dieterich, M., Haselgrove, C., & Klaveness, S. (2002). Whole brain segmentation: Automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain. Neuron, 33(3), 341–355. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00569-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischl, B., Van Der Kouwe, A., Destrieux, C., Halgren, E., Ségonne, F., Salat, D. H., & Kennedy, D. (2004). Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 14(1), 11–22. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhg087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitas-Ferrari, M. C., Hallak, J. E. C., Trzesniak, C., Machado-de-Sousa, J. P., Chagas, M. H. N., Nardi, A. E., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2010). Neuroimaging in social anxiety disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 34(4), 565–580. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.02.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentili, C., Gobbini, M. I., Ricciardi, E., Vanello, N., Pietrini, P., Haxby, J. V., & Guazzelli, M. (2008). Differential modulation of neural activity throughout the distributed neural system for face perception in patients with Social Phobia and healthy subjects. Brain Research Bulletin, 77(5), 286–292. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaedi, G. H., Tavoli, A., Bakhtiari, M., Melyani, M., & Sahragard, M. (2010). Quality of life in college students with and without social phobia. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 247–256. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9500-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilaie-Dotan, S., Tymula, A., Cooper, N., Kable, J. W., Glimcher, P. W., & Levy, I. (2014). Neuroanatomy Predicts Individual Risk Attitudes. The Journal of Neuroscience, 34(37), 12394–12401. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1600-14.2014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83–91. doi:10.1037/a0018441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grachev, I. D., & Apkarian, A. V. (2000a). Anxiety in healthy humans is associated with orbital frontal chemistry. Molecular Psychiatry, 5(5), 482–488. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grachev, I. D., & Apkarian, A. V. (2000b). Chemical mapping of anxiety in the brain of healthy humans: An in vivo 1H-MRS study on the effects of sex, age, and brain region. Human Brain Mapping, 11(4), 261–272. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, J. A. (1976). The behavioral inhibition system: A possible substrate for anxiety. In M. P. Feldman & A. M. Broadhurst (Eds.), Theoretical and experimental bases of the behavior therapies (pp. 3–41). London: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, J. M., Vecchiarelli, H. A., Morena, M., Lee, T. T. Y., Hermanson, D. J., Kim, A. B., & Wotjak, C. T. (2015). Corticotropin-releasing hormone drives anandamide hydrolysis in the amygdala to promote anxiety. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35(9), 3879–3892. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2737-14.2015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greicius, M. D., Supekar, K., Menon, V., & Dougherty, R. F. (2009). Resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity in the default mode network. Cerebral Cortex, 19(1), 72–78. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gusnard, D. A., Ollinger, J. M., Shulman, G. L., Cloninger, C., Robert, P., Joseph, L., … Raichle, M. E. (2003). Persistence and brain circuitry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(6), 3479–3484. doi:10.1073/pnas.0538050100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guyer, A. E., Lau, J. Y., McClure-Tone, E. B., Parrish, J., Shiffrin, N. D., Reynolds, R. C., & Nelson, E. E. (2008). Amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex function during anticipated peer evaluation in pediatric social anxiety. Archives of general psychiatry, 65(11), 1303–1312. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.11.1303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, A., Stein, P., Windischberger, C., Weissenbacher, A., Spindelegger, C., Moser, E., & Lanzenberger, R. (2011). Reduced resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder. Neuroimage, 56(3), 881–889. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller, J., & Bakos, N. (2002). Stress-induced social avoidance: A new model of stress-induced anxiety? Physiology & Behavior, 77(2–3), 327–332. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00860-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hettema, J. M., An, S. S., Neale, M. C., Bukszar, J., van den Oord, E. J. C. G., Kendler, K. S., & Chen, X. (2006). Association between glutamic acid decarboxylase genes and anxiety disorders, major depression, and neuroticism. Molecular Psychiatry, 11(8), 752–762. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, M. N., Kumar, S. A., Filipski, S. B., Iverson, M., Stuhr, K. L., Keith, J. M., & McEwen, B. S. (2013). Disruption of fatty acid amide hydrolase activity prevents the effects of chronic stress on anxiety and amygdalar microstructure. Molecular Psychiatry, 18(10), 1125–1135. doi:10.1038/mp.2012.90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, M. N., McLaughlin, R. J., Morrish, A. C., Viau, V., Floresco, S. B., Hillard, C. J., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2009). Suppression of amygdalar endocannabinoid signaling by stress contributes to activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(13), 2733–2745. doi:10.1038/npp.2009.114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillerer, K. M., Neumann, I. D., & Slattery, David, A. (2011). From stress to postpartum mood and anxiety disorders: How chronic peripartum stress can impair maternal adaptations. Neuroendocrinology, 95(1), 22–38. doi:10.1159/000330445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsh, J. B., & Kang, S. K. (2015). Mechanisms of Identity Conflict Uncertainty, Anxiety, and the Behavioral Inhibition System. Personality and Social Psychology Review. doi:10.1177/1088868315589475.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hommer, R. E., Meyer, A., Stoddard, J., Connolly, M. E., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., … Brotman, M. A. (2014). Attention bias to threat faces in severe mood dysregulation. Depression and Anxiety, 31(7), 559–565. doi:10.1002/da.22145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honey, C. J., Thivierge, J.-P., & Sporns, O. (2010). Can structure predict function in the human brain? Neuroimage, 52(3), 766–776. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honey, C. J., Sporns, O., Cammoun, L., Gigandet, X., Thiran, J.-P., Meuli, R., & Hagmann, P. (2009). Predicting human resting-state functional connectivity from structural connectivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(6), 2035–2040. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811168106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J., Sun, Q., & Zhang, Z. (2013). The relationship of the college students’ personality and social avoidance and social discomfort. Journal of Guizhou Normal College, 29(3), 81–84.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, X., Zhang, Z., & Huang, J. (2013). The relationship of the college students’ social avoidance and distress and the life events. Journal of Jiamusi Education Institute, (6), 339–340.
   Google Scholar
• Inagaki, T. K., Muscatell, K. A., Irwin, M. R., Cole, S. W., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2012). Inflammation selectively enhances amygdala activity to socially threatening images. Neuroimage, 59(4), 3222–3226. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irle, E. (2010). Reduced amygdalar and hippocampal size in adults with generalized social phobia. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 35(2), 126–131. doi:10.1503/jpn
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joëls, M., Karst, H., Krugers, H. J., & Lucassen, P. J. (2007). Chronic stress: Implications for neuronal morphology, function and neurogenesis. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 28(2), 72–96. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanai, R., Bahrami, B., Duchaine, B., Janik, A., Banissy, M. J., & Rees, G. (2012). Brain structure links loneliness to social perception. Current Biology, 22(20), 1975–1979. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanai, R., & Rees, G. (2011). The structural basis of inter-individual differences in human behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12(4), 231–242. doi:10.1038/nrn3000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., & Kendler, K. S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(1), 8–9. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., Gee, D. G., Loucks, R. A., Davis, F. C., & Whalen, P. J. (2010). Anxiety dissociates dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity with the amygdala at rest. Cerebral Cortex, 21(7), 1667–1673. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., Loucks, R. A., Palmer, A. L., Brown, A. C., Solomon, K. M., Marchante, A. N., & Whalen, P. J. (2011). The structural and functional connectivity of the amygdala: From normal emotion to pathological anxiety. Behavioural Brain Research, 223(2), 403–410. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, P., Evans, G. W., Angstadt, M., Ho, S. S., Sripada, C. S., Swain, J. E., & Phan, K. L. (2013). Effects of childhood poverty and chronic stress on emotion regulatory brain function in adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(46), 18442–18447. doi:10.1073/pnas.1308240110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenigs, M., & Grafman, J. (2009). The functional neuroanatomy of depression: Distinct roles for ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Behavioural Brain Research, 201(2), 239–243. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenigs, M., Huey, E. D., Calamia, M., Raymont, V., Tranel, D., & Grafman, J. (2008). Distinct regions of prefrontal cortex mediate resistance and vulnerability to depression. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(47), 12341–12348. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2324-08.2008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017–1031. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kringelbach, M. L., & Rolls, E. T. (2004). The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: Evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Progress in Neurobiology, 72(5), 341–372. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, S., Schubert, F., & Gallinat, J. (2011). Structural correlates of trait anxiety: Reduced thickness in medial orbitofrontal cortex accompanied by volume increase in nucleus accumbens. Journal of Affective Disorders, 134(1–3), 315–319. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.003
   Google Scholar
• Kühn, S., Vanderhasselt, M.-A., De Raedt, R., & Gallinat, J. (2013). The neural basis of unwanted thoughts during resting state. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. doi:10.1093/scan/nst117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kühn, S., Schubert, F., & Gallinat, J. (2011). Structural correlates of trait anxiety: Reduced thickness in medial orbitofrontal cortex accompanied by volume increase in nucleus accumbens. Journal of Affective Disorders, 134(1–3), 315–319. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary, M. R. (1991). Social anxiety, shyness, and related constructs. Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes, 1, 161–194.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, B. W., & Stapinski, L. A. (2012). Seeking safety on the internet: Relationship between social anxiety and problematic internet use. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 197–205. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonsdorf, T. B., Haaker, J., & Kalisch, R. (2014). Long-term expression of human contextual fear and extinction memories involves amygdala, hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: A reinstatement study in two independent samples. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(12), 1973–1983. doi:10.1093/scan/nsu018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacAndrew, C., & Steele, T. (1991). Gray’s behavioral inhibition system: A psychometric examination. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(2), 157–171. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90099-W
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machado-de-Sousa, J. P., de Lima Osório, F., Jackowski, A. P., Bressan, R. A., Chagas, M. H. N., Torro-Alves, N., & Hallak, J. E. C. (2014). Increased amygdalar and hippocampal volumes in young adults with social anxiety. Plos One, 9(2), e88523. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088523
   Google Scholar
• Maren, S., Phan, K. L., & Liberzon, I. (2013). The contextual brain: Implications for fear conditioning, extinction and psychopathology. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(6), 417–428. doi:10.1038/nrn3492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milad, M. R., & Rauch, S. L. (2007). The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in anxiety disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1121(1), 546–561. doi:10.1196/annals.1401.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscovitch, D. A., Hofmann, S. G., Suvak, M. K., & In-Albon, T. (2005). Mediation of changes in anxiety and depression during treatment of social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 945. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muris, P., Mayer, B., Lint, C. V., & Hofman, S. (2008). Attentional control and psychopathological symptoms in children. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(7), 1495–1505. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murmu, M. S., Salomon, S., Biala, Y., Weinstock, M., Braun, K., & Bock, J. (2006). Changes of spine density and dendritic complexity in the prefrontal cortex in offspring of mothers exposed to stress during pregnancy. European Journal of Neuroscience, 24(5), 1477–1487. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05024.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura, T., Tomida, M., Yamamoto, T., Ando, H., Takamata, T., Kondo, E., & Asanuma, N. (2013). The endogenous opioids related with antinociceptive effects induced by electrical stimulation into the amygdala. The Open Dentistry Journal, 7, 27. doi:10.2174/1874210601307010027
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nitschke, J. B., Sarinopoulos, I., Oathes, D. J., Johnstone, T., Whalen, P. J., Davidson, R. J., & Kalin, N. H. (2009). Anticipatory activation in the amygdala and anterior cingulate in generalized anxiety disorder and prediction of treatment response. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(3), 302–310. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07101682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochsner, K. N., Ray, R. D., Cooper, J. C., Robertson, E. R., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Gross, J. J. (2004). For better or for worse: Neural systems supporting the cognitive down-and up-regulation of negative emotion. Neuroimage, 23(2), 483–499. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öngür, D., & Price, J. L. (2000). The organization of networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans. Cerebral Cortex, 10(3), 206–219. doi:10.1093/cercor/10.3.206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pechtel, P., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2011). Effects of early life stress on cognitive and affective function: An integrated review of human literature. Psychopharmacology, 214(1), 55–70. doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2009-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, C., Fan, X., & Li, L. (2003). The validity and reliability of social avoidance and distress scale in Chinese students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11, 279–281.
   Google Scholar
• Penolazzi, B., Stramaccia, D. F., Braga, M., Mondini, S., & Galfano, G. (2014). Human memory retrieval and inhibitory control in the brain: Beyond correlational evidence. The Journal of Neuroscience, 34(19), 6606–6610. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0349-14.2014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan, K. L., Fitzgerald, D. A., Nathan, P. J., Moore, G. J., Uhde, T. W., & Tancer, M. E. (2005). Neural substrates for voluntary suppression of negative affect: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry, 57(3), 210–219. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan, K. L., Fitzgerald, D. A., Nathan, P. J., & Tancer, M. E. (2006). Association between amygdala hyperactivity to harsh faces and severity of social anxiety in generalized social phobia. Biological Psychiatry, 59(5), 424–429. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, S., Hermans, E. J., van Marle, H. J. F., Luo, J., & Fernández, G. (2009). Acute psychological stress reduces working memory-related activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Biological Psychiatry, 66(1), 25–32. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, S., Young, C. B., Duan, X., Chen, T., Supekar, K., & Menon, V. (2014). Amygdala subregional structure and intrinsic functional connectivity predicts individual differences in anxiety during early childhood. Biological Psychiatry, 75(11), 892–900. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruscio, A. M., Brown, T. A., Chiu, W. T., Sareen, J., Stein, M. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2008). Social fears and social phobia in the USA: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 38(1), 15–28. doi:10.1017/S0033291707001699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20–40. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutishauser, U., Mamelak, A. N., & Adolphs, R. (2015). The primate amygdala in social perception–insights from electrophysiological recordings and stimulation. Trends in Neurosciences, 38(5), 295–306. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schienle, A., Ebner, F., & Schäfer, A. (2011). Localized gray matter volume abnormalities in generalized anxiety disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 261(4), 303–307. doi:10.1007/s00406-010-0147-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield, C. A., Johnson, A. L., Inhoff, A. W., & Coles, M. E. (2012). Social anxiety and difficulty disengaging threat: Evidence from eye-tracking. Cognition & Emotion, 26(2), 300–311. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.602050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ségonne, F., Dale, A. M., Busa, E., Glessner, M., Salat, D., Hahn, H. K., & Fischl, B. (2004). A hybrid approach to the skull stripping problem in MRI. Neuroimage, 22(3), 1060–1075. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sehlmeyer, C., Dannlowski, U., Schöning, S., Kugel, H., Pyka, M., Pfleiderer, B., & Arolt, V. (2011). Neural correlates of trait anxiety in fear extinction. Psychological Medicine, 41(4), 789–798. doi:10.1017/S0033291710001248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sladky, R., Höflich, A., Küblböck, M., Kraus, C., Baldinger, P., Moser, E., & Windischberger, C. (2013). Disrupted effective connectivity between the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder during emotion discrimination revealed by dynamic causal modeling for fMRI. Cerebral Cortex. doi:10.1093/cercor/bht279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobański, J. A., Klasa, K., Rutkowski, K., Dembińska, E., Müldner-Nieckowski, Ł., & Cyranka, K. (2013). Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD) and Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE). Reliability and the preliminary assessment of validity. Psychiatria Polska, 47(4), 691–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzberg, B. H., & Canary, D. J. (1985). Loneliness and relationally competent communication. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2(4), 387–402. doi:10.1177/0265407585024001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sportel, B. E., Nauta, M. H., De Hullu, E., de Jong, P. J., & Hartman, C. A. (2011). Behavioral inhibition and attentional control in adolescents: Robust relationships with anxiety and depression. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(2), 149–156. doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9435-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staugaard, S. R. (2010). Threatening faces and social anxiety: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(6), 669–690. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stednitz, J. N., & Epkins, C. C. (2006). Girls’ and mothers’ social anxiety, social skills, and loneliness: Associations after accounting for depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35(1), 148–154. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3501_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, M. B., & Kean, Y. M. (2000). Disability and quality of life in social phobia: Epidemiologic findings. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(10), 1606–1613. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, G., Philippe, R., Sareen, J., Zorrilla, L. T. E., & Brown, G. G. (2002). Increased amygdala activation to angry and contemptuous faces in generalized social phobia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(11), 1027–1034. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.11.1027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, M. B., Simmons, A., Feinstein, J., & Paulus, M. (2007). Increased amygdala and insula activation during emotion processing in anxiety-prone subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(2), 318–327. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.164.2.318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sündermann, O., Onwumere, J., Kane, F., Morgan, C., & Kuipers, E. (2014). Social networks and support in first-episode psychosis: Exploring the role of loneliness and anxiety. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(3), 359–366. doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0754-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syal, S., Hattingh, C. J., Fouche, J. P., Spottiswoode, B., Carey, P. D., Lochner, C., & Stein, D. J. (2012). Grey matter abnormalities in social anxiety disorder: A pilot study. Metabolic Brain Disease, 27(3), 299–309. doi:10.1007/s11011-012-9299-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ursu, S., & Carter, C. S. (2009). An initial investigation of the orbitofrontal cortex hyperactivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Exaggerated representations of anticipated aversive events? Neuropsychologia, 47(10), 2145–2148. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Elzen, M. E., Versnel, S. L., Hovius, S. E., Passchier, J., Duivenvoorden, H. J., & Mathijssen, I. M. (2012). Adults with congenital or acquired facial disfigurement: Impact of appearance on social functioning. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 40(8), 777–782. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2012.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderhasselt, M. A., Baeken, C., Van Schuerbeek, P., Luypaert, R., & De Raedt, R. (2013). Inter-individual differences in the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression are associated with variations in prefrontal cognitive control for emotional information: An event related fMRI study. Biological Psychology, 92(3), 433–439. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, K., Wei, D., Yang, J., Xie, P., Hao, X., & Qiu, J. (2015). Individual differences in rumination in healthy and depressive samples: Association with brain structure, functional connectivity and depression. Psychological Medicine. Advance online publication. doi:10.1017/S0033291715000938
   Google Scholar
• Warwick, J. M., Carey, P., Jordaan, G. P., Dupont, P., & Stein, D. J. (2008). Resting brain perfusion in social anxiety disorder: A voxel-wise whole brain comparison with healthy control subjects. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 32(5), 1251–1256. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.03.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, A. M., Nitz, A. B., Craske, M. G., & Johnson, C. (2007). The effects of anxiety upon attention allocation to affective stimuli. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(4), 763–774. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 448–457. doi:10.1037/h0027806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, L. K., McDermott, J. M., Degnan, K. A., Henderson, H. A., & Fox, N. A. (2011). Behavioral inhibition and anxiety: The moderating roles of inhibitory control and attention shifting. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(5), 735–747. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9490-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolitzky-Taylor, K., Bobova, L., Zinbarg, R. E., Mineka, S., & Craske, M. G. (2012). Longitudinal investigation of the impact of anxiety and mood disorders in adolescence on subsequent substance use disorder onset and vice versa. Addictive Behaviors, 37(8), 982–985. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worsley, K. J., Andermann, M., Koulis, T., MacDonald, D., & Evans, A. C. (1999). Detecting changes in nonisotropic images. Human Brain Mapping, 8(2–3), 98–101. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, X., Sun, H., & Liu, X. (2010). Status of social avoidance and distress and the relation with personality in freshmen. China Journal of Health Psychology, 18(10), 1253–1255.
   Google Scholar
• Zald, D. H. (2007). Orbital versus dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: Anatomical insights into content versus process differentiation models of the prefrontal cortex. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1121, 395–406. doi:10.1196/annals.1401.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12(1), 63–70. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar