2,875
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

An fMRI study of loneliness in younger and older adults

, &
Pages 136-148 | Received 30 May 2017, Published online: 28 Feb 2018

References

  • Alpass, F. M., & Neville, S. (2003). Loneliness, health and depression in older males. Aging & Mental Health, 7(3), 212–216.
  • Bangee, M., Harris, R. A., Bridges, N., Rotenberg, K. J., & Qualter, P. (2014). Loneliness and attention to social threat in young adults: Findings from an eye tracker study. Personality and Individual Differences, 63, 16–23.
  • Bickart, K. C. (2012). Intrinsic Amygdala-cortical functional connectivity predicts social network size in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(42), 14729–14741.
  • Birmingham, E., Bischof, W. F., & Kingstone, A. (2008). Gaze selection in complex social scenes. Visual Cognition, 16(2–3), 341–355.
  • Button, K. S., Ioannidis, J. P., Mokrysz, C., Nosek, B. A., Flint, J., Robinson, E. S., & Munafo, M. R. (2013). Power failure: Why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 14(5), 365–376. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23571845
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Capitanio, J. P., & Cole, S. W. (2015). The neuroendocrinology of social isolation. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 733–767. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25148851
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Ernst, J. M., Burleson, M. H., McClintock, M. K., Malarkey, W. B., Hawkley, L. C., … Berntson, G. G. (2000). Lonely traits and concomitant physiological processes: The MacArthur social neuroscience studies. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 35(2), 143–154.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2010). Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago health, aging, and social relations study. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 453–463. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20545429
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A. (2006). Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 140–151.
  • Cacioppo, J. T., Norris, C. J., Decety, J., Monteleone, G., & Nusbaum, H. (2009). In the eye of the beholder: individual differences in perceived social isolation predict regional brain activation to social stimuli. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21(1), 83–92.
  • Carstensen, L. L. (2006). The influence of a sense of time on human development. Science, 312(5782), 1913–1915.
  • Charles, S. T., Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2003). Aging and emotional memory: The forgettable nature of negative images for older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132(2), 310–324.
  • Christensen, K., Doblhammer, G., Rau, R., & Vaupel, J. W. (2009). Ageing populations: The challenges ahead. The Lancet, 374(9696), 1196–1208.
  • Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Skoner, D. P., Rabin, B. S., & Gwaltney, J. M. (1997). Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. JAMA, 277(24), 1940–1944.
  • Dean, L. R. (1962). Aging and the decline of affect. Journal of Gerontology, 17(4), 440–446.
  • Dziura, S. L., & Thompson, J. C. (2014). Social-network complexity in humans is associated with the neural response to social information. Psychological Science, 25(11), 2095–2101.
  • Ferri, J., Schmidt, J., Hajcak, G., & Canli, T. (2013). Neural correlates of attentional deployment within unpleasant pictures. Neuroimage, 70, 268–277.
  • Green, B. H., Copeland, J. R., Dewey, M. E., Sharma, V., Saunders, P. A., Davidson, I. A., … McWilliam, C. (1992). Risk factors for depression in elderly people: A prospective study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 86(3), 213–217. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1414415 doi;
  • Grühn, D., & Scheibe, S. (2008). Age-related differences in valence and arousal ratings of pictures from the international affective picture system (IAPS): Do ratings become more extreme with age? Behavior Research Methods, 40(2), 512–521.
  • Hawkley, L. C., Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Masi, C. M., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2008). From social structural factors to perceptions of relationship quality and loneliness: The Chicago health, aging, and social relations study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 63(6), S375–S384.
  • Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., Masi, C. M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness predicts increased blood pressure: 5-year cross-lagged analyses in middle-aged and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 25(1), 132–141.
  • Holvast, F., Burger, H., de Waal, M. M., van Marwijk, H. W., Comijs, H. C., & Verhaak, P. F. (2015). Loneliness is associated with poor prognosis in late-life depression: Longitudinal analysis of the Netherlands study of depression in older persons. Journal of Affective Disorders, 185, 1–7. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26142687
  • Houtjes, W., van Meijel, B., van de Ven, P. M., Deeg, D., van Tilburg, T., & Beekman, A. (2014). The impact of an unfavorable depression course on network size and loneliness in older people: A longitudinal study in the community. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(10), 1010–1017. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24615822
  • Inagaki, T. K., Muscatell, K. A., Moieni, M., Dutcher, J. M., Jevtic, I., Irwin, M. R., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2016). Yearning for connection? Loneliness is associated with increased ventral striatum activity to close others. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(7), 1096–1101.
  • Isaacowitz, D. M., Wadlinger, H. A., Goren, D., & Wilson, H. R. (2006a). Is there an age-related positivity effect in visual attention? A comparison of two methodologies. Emotion, 6(3), 511–516.
  • Isaacowitz, D. M., Wadlinger, H. A., Goren, D., & Wilson, H. R. (2006b). Selective preference in visual fixation away from negative images in old age? An eye-tracking study. Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 40–48.
  • Jaremka, L. M., Andridge, R. R., Fagundes, C. P., Alfano, C. M., Povoski, S. P., Lipari, A. M., … Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2014). Pain, depression, and fatigue: Loneliness as a longitudinal risk factor. Health Psychology, 33(9), 948–957. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23957903
  • Kanai, R., Bahrami, B., Duchaine, B., Janik, A., Banissy, M. J., & Rees, G. (2012). Brain structure links loneliness to social perception. Current Biology, 22(20), 1975–1979. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982212010494 doi;
  • Kanai, R., Bahrami, B., Roylance, R., & Rees, G. (2012). Online social network size is reflected in human brain structure. Proceedings Biological Sciences, 279(1732), 1327–1334.
  • Knutson, B., Adams, C. M., Fong, G. W., & Hommer, D. (2001). Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21(16), RC159.
  • Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2008). International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Technical report A-8
  • Layden, E. A., Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Cappa, S. F., Dodich, A., Falini, A., & Canessa, N. (2017). Perceived social isolation is associated with altered functional connectivity in neural networks associated with tonic alertness and executive control. Neuroimage, 145(Pt A), 58–73.
  • Lieberman, M. D., & Cunningham, W. A. (2009). Type I and Type II error concerns in fMRI research: Re-balancing the scale. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 4(4), 423–428. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20035017
  • Luanaigh, C. Ó., & Lawlor, B. A. (2008). Loneliness and the health of older people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(12), 1213–1221.
  • Luhmann, M., & Hawkley, L. C. (2016). Age differences in loneliness from late adolescence to oldest old age. Developmental Psychology, 52(6), 943.
  • Mather, M., Canli, T., English, T., Whitfield, S., Wais, P., Ochsner, K., … Carstensen, L. L. (2004). Amygdala responses to emotionally valenced stimuli in older and younger adults. Psychological Science, 15(4), 259–263, Retrieved from. <Go to ISI>://MEDLINE:15043644
  • Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2003). Aging and attentional biases for emotional faces. Psychological Science, 14(5), 409–415.
  • Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(10), 496–502.
  • Nakagawa, S., Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Nouchi, R., Sekiguchi, A., Kotozaki, Y., … Kawashima, R. (2015). White matter structures associated with loneliness in young adults. Scientific Reports, 5. doi:10.1038/srep17001
  • Perlman, D. (1990). Age differences in loneliness: A meta-analysis. Vancouver, BC.: University of British Columbia.
  • Petitte, T., Mallow, J., Barnes, E., Petrone, A., Barr, T., & Theeke, L. (2015). A systematic review of loneliness and common chronic physical conditions in adults. Open Psychologist Journal, 8(Suppl 2), 113–132. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26550060
  • Phillips, L. H., MacLean, R. D., & Allen, R. (2002). Age and the understanding of emotions: Neuropsychological and sociocognitive perspectives. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(6), P526–P530.
  • Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2001). Influences on loneliness in older adults: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23(4), 245–266.
  • Poldrack, R. A. (2007). Region of interest analysis for fMRI. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2(1), 67–70.
  • Prince, M. J., Harwood, R. H., Blizard, R., Thomas, A., & Mann, A. H. (1997). Social support deficits, loneliness and life events as risk factors for depression in old age. The Gospel oak project VI. Psychological Medicine, 27(2), 323–332.
  • Ruffman, T., Henry, J. D., Livingstone, V., & Phillips, L. H. (2008). A meta-analytic review of emotion recognition and aging: Implications for neuropsychological models of aging. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(4), 863–881.
  • Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20–40.
  • Shankar, A., Hamer, M., McMunn, A., & Steptoe, A. (2013). Social isolation and loneliness: Relationships with cognitive function during 4 years of follow-up in the English longitudinal study of ageing. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75(2), 161–170.
  • Slessor, G., Phillips, L. H., & Bull, R. (2007). Exploring the specificity of age-related differences in theory of mind tasks. Psychology and Aging, 22(3), 639.
  • Smith, J., & Baltes, P. B. (1993). Differential psychological ageing: Profiles of the old and very old. Ageing & Society, 13(4), 551–587.
  • Tian, Y., Yang, L., Chen, S., Guo, D., Ding, Z., Tam, K. Y., & Yao, D. (2017). Causal interactions in resting-state networks predict perceived loneliness. PloS One, 12(5), e0177443.
  • Tomaka, J., Thompson, S., & Palacios, R. (2006). The relation of social isolation, loneliness, and social support to disease outcomes among the elderly. Journal of Aging and Health, 18(3), 359–384.
  • Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Landeau, B., Papathanassiou, D., Crivello, F., Etard, O., Delcroix, N., … Joliot, M. (2002). Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage, 15(1), 273–289.
  • Von Der Heide, R., Vyas, G., & Olson, I. R. (2014). The social network-network: Size is predicted by brain structure and function in the amygdala and paralimbic regions. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(12), 1962–1972.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.