References
- Allison, P. D. (2010). Survival analysis using SAS: A Practice guide (2nd ed.). SAS Institute.
- Ben-Ami Bartal, I., Decety, J., & Mason, P. (2011). Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats. Science, 334(6061), 1427–1430. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1210789
- Ben-Ami Bartal, I., Rodgers, D. A., Bernardez Sarria, M. S., Decety, J., & Mason, P. (2014). Pro-social behavior in rats is modulated by social experience. ELife, 3, e01385. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01385
- Ben-Ami Bartal, I., Shan, H., Molasky, N. M., Murray, T. M., Williams, J. Z., Decety, J., & Mason, P. (2016). Anxiolytic treatment impairs helping behavior in rats. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 850. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00850
- Carden, S. E., Barr, G. A., & Hofer, M. A. (1991). Differential effects of specific opioid receptor agonists on rat pup isolation calls. Developmental Brain Research, 62(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-3806(91)90185-l
- Chang, S. E., Todd, T. P., Bucci, D. J., & Smith, K. S. (2015). Chemogenetic manipulation of ventral pallidal neurons impairs acquisition of sign-tracking in rats. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 42(12), 3105–3116. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13103
- Chen, X., Choo, H., Huang, X. P., Yang, X., Stone, O., Roth, B. L., & Jin, J. (2015). The first structure-activity relationship studies for designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 6(3), 476–484. https://doi.org/10.1021/cn500325v
- Compton, W. M., & Volkow, N. D. (2006). Major increases in opioid analgesic abuse in the United States: Concerns and strategies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 81(2), 103–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.009
- Corre, J., van Zessen, R., Loureiro, M., Patriarchi, T., Tian, L., Pascoli, V., & Luscher, C. (2018). Dopamine neurons projecting to medial shell of the nucleus accumbens drive heroin reinforcement. Elife, 7, e39945. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39945
- de Waal, F. B. M., & Preston, S. D. (2017). Mammalian empathy: Behavioural manifestations and neural basis. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 18(8), 498–509. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2017.72
- Droutman, V., Read, S. J., & Bechara, A. (2015). Revisiting the role of the insula in addiction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(7), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.05.005
- Fan, Y., Duncan, N. W., de Greck, M., & Northoff, G. (2011). Is there a core neural network in empathy? An fMRI based quantitative meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(3), 903–911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.009
- Gogolla, N. (2017). The insular cortex. Current Biology, 27(12), R580–R586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.010
- Heilig, M., Epstein, D. H., Nader, M. A., & Shaham, Y. (2016). Time to connect: Bringing social context into addiction neuroscience. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 17(9), 592–599. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.67
- Hiura, L. C., Tan, L., & Hackenberg, T. D. (2018). To free, or not to free: Social reinforcement effects in the social release paradigm with rats. Behavioural Processes, 152, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2018.03.014
- Hsu, D. T., Sanford, B. J., Meyers, K. K., Love, T. M., Hazlett, K. E., Wang, H., … Zubieta, J. K. (2013). Response of the mu-opioid system to social rejection and acceptance. Molecular Psychiatry, 18(11), 1211–1217. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.96
- Jalal, H., Buchanich, J. M., Roberts, M. S., Balmert, L. C., Zhang, K., & Burke, D. S. (2018). Changing dynamics of the drug overdose epidemic in the United States from 1979 through 2016. Science, 361(6408). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau1184
- Johnson, S. W., & North, R. A. (1992). Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 12(2), 483–488. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-02-00483.1992
- Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016). Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(8), 760–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00104-8
- Kroll, S. L., Nikolic, E., Bieri, F., Soyka, M., Baumgartner, M. R., & Quednow, B. B. (2018). Cognitive and socio-cognitive functioning of chronic non-medical prescription opioid users. Psychopharmacology, 235(12), 3451–3464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-5060-z
- Kurtines, W., Hogan, R., & Weiss, D. (1975). Personality dynamics of heroin use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84(1), 87–89. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076258
- Liu, X. B., & Jones, E. G. (1996). Localization of alpha type II calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase at glutamatergic but not γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) synapses in thalamus and cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(14), 7332–7336. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.14.7332
- MacLaren, D. A., Browne, R. W., Shaw, J. K., Krishnan Radhakrishnan, S., Khare, P., Espana, R. A., & Clark, S. D. (2016). Clozapine N-oxide administration produces behavioral effects in Long-Evans rats: Implications for designing DREADD experiments. Eneuro, 3(5), ENEURO.0219-16.2016. https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0219-16.2016
- Moles, A., Kieffer, B. L., & D’Amato, F. R. (2004). Deficit in attachment behavior in mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene. Science, 304(5679), 1983–1986. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095943
- Naqvi, N. H., Gaznick, N., Tranel, D., & Bechara, A. (2014). The insula: A critical neural substrate for craving and drug seeking under conflict and risk. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1316(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12415
- Nummenmaa, L., Manninen, S., Tuominen, L., Hirvonen, J., Kalliokoski, K. K., Nuutila, P., … Sams, M. (2015). Adult attachment style is associated with cerebral mu-opioid receptor availability in humans. Human Brain Mapping, 36(9), 3621–3628. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22866
- Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (2014). The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates (7th ed.). Elsevier Academic Press.
- Rogers-Carter, M. M., & Christianson, J. P. (2019). An insular view of the social decision-making network. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 103, 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.005
- Rogers-Carter, M. M., Djerdjaj, A., Gribbons, K. B., Varela, J. A., & Christianson, J. P. (2019). Insular cortex projections to nucleus accumbens core mediate social approach to stressed juvenile rats. The Journal of Neuroscience : The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 39(44), 8717–8729. https://doi.org/doi.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0316-19.2019
- Rogers-Carter, M. M., Varela, J. A., Gribbons, K. B., Pierce, A. F., McGoey, M. T., Ritchey, M., & Christianson, J. P. (2018). Insular cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli. Nature Neuroscience, 21(3), 404–414. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0071-y
- Sato, N., Tan, L., Tate, K., & Okada, M. (2015). Rats demonstrate helping behavior toward a soaked conspecific. Animal Cognition, 18(5), 1039–1047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0872-2
- Smith, K. S., Bucci, D. J., Luikart, B. W., & Mahler, S. V. (2016). DREADDS: Use and application in behavioral neuroscience. Behavioral Neuroscience, 130(2), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000135
- Thompson, K. J., Khajehali, E., Bradley, S. J., Navarrete, J. S., Huang, X. P., Slocum, S., … Tobin, A. B. (2018). DREADD agonist 21 Is an effective agonist for muscarinic-based DREADDs in vitro and in vivo. ACS Pharmacology Translational Science, 1(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.8b00012
- Tomek, S. E., Stegmann, G. M., & Olive, M. F. (2019). Effects of heroin on rat prosocial behavior. Addiction Biology, 24(4), 676–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12633
- Upadhyay, J., Maleki, N., Potter, J., Elman, I., Rudrauf, D., Knudsen, J., … Borsook, D. (2010). Alterations in brain structure and functional connectivity in prescription opioid-dependent patients. Brain, 133(7), 2098–2114. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq138
- Venniro, M., Zhang, M., Caprioli, D., Hoots, J. K., Golden, S. A., Heins, C., … Shaham, Y. (2018). Volitional social interaction prevents drug addiction in rat models. Nature Neuroscience, 21(11), 1520–1529. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0246-6
- Wollman, S. C., Alhassoon, O. M., Hall, M. G., Stern, M. J., Connors, E. J., Kimmel, C. L., … Radua, J. (2017). Gray matter abnormalities in opioid-dependent patients: A neuroimaging meta-analysis. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 43(5), 505–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2016.1245312
- Zhang, R., Jia, W., Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Liu, F., Li, B., … Tan, Q. (2019). A glutamatergic insular-striatal projection regulates the reinstatement of cue-associated morphine-seeking behavior in mice. Brain Research Bulletin, 152, 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.023